~vcs-imports/mammoth-replicator/trunk

{ DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { <replaceable class="PARAMETER">expression</replaceable> | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) | <replaceable class="PARAMETER">query</replaceable> }

</synopsis>

</refsynopsisdiv>

<title>Description</title>

<para>

<command>INSERT</command> inserts new rows into a table.

One can insert a single row specified by value expressions,

or several rows as a result of a query.

</para>

<para>

The target column names may be listed in any order. If no list of

column names is given at all, the default is all the columns of the

table in their declared order; or the first <replaceable>N</> column

names, if there are only <replaceable>N</> columns supplied by the

<literal>VALUES</> clause or <replaceable>query</>. The values

supplied by the <literal>VALUES</> clause or <replaceable>query</> are

associated with the explicit or implicit column list left-to-right.

</para>

<para>

Each column not present in the explicit or implicit column list will be

filled with a default value, either its declared default value

or null if there is none.

</para>

<para>

If the expression for any column is not of the correct data type,

automatic type conversion will be attempted.

</para>

<para>

You must have <literal>INSERT</literal> privilege to a table in

order to insert into it. If you use the <replaceable

class="PARAMETER">query</replaceable> clause to insert rows from a

query, you also need to have <literal>SELECT</literal> privilege on

any table used in the query.

</para>

</refsect1>

<title>Parameters</title>

<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable></term>

<para>

The name (optionally schema-qualified) of an existing table.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">column</replaceable></term>

<para>

The name of a column in <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable>.

The column name can be qualified with a subfield name or array

subscript, if needed. (Inserting into only some fields of a

composite column leaves the other fields null.)

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<term><literal>DEFAULT VALUES</literal></term>

<para>

All columns will be filled with their default values.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

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<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">expression</replaceable></term>

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<para>

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An expression or value to assign to the corresponding <replaceable

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class="PARAMETER">column</replaceable>.

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</para>

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</listitem>

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</varlistentry>

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<term><literal>DEFAULT</literal></term>

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<para>

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The corresponding <replaceable>column</replaceable> will be filled with

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its default value.

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</para>

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</listitem>

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</varlistentry>

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<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">query</replaceable></term>

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<para>

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A query (<command>SELECT</command> statement) that supplies the

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rows to be inserted. Refer to the <command>SELECT</command>

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statement for a description of the syntax.

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</para>

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</listitem>

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</varlistentry>

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</variablelist>

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</refsect1>

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<title>Outputs</title>

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<para>

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On successful completion, an <command>INSERT</> command returns a command

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tag of the form

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INSERT <replaceable>oid</replaceable> <replaceable class="parameter">count</replaceable>

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</screen>

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The <replaceable class="parameter">count</replaceable> is the number

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of rows inserted. If <replaceable class="parameter">count</replaceable>

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is exactly one, and the target table has OIDs, then

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<replaceable class="parameter">oid</replaceable> is the

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<acronym>OID</acronym> assigned to the inserted row. Otherwise

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<replaceable class="parameter">oid</replaceable> is zero.

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</para>

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</refsect1>

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<title>Examples</title>

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<para>

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Insert a single row into table <literal>films</literal>:

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INSERT INTO films VALUES

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('UA502', 'Bananas', 105, '1971-07-13', 'Comedy', '82 minutes');

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</programlisting>

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</para>

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<para>

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In this example, the <literal>len</literal> column is

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omitted and therefore it will have the default value:

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INSERT INTO films (code, title, did, date_prod, kind)

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VALUES ('T_601', 'Yojimbo', 106, '1961-06-16', 'Drama');

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</programlisting>

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</para>

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<para>

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This example uses the <literal>DEFAULT</literal> clause for

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the date columns rather than specifying a value:

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INSERT INTO films VALUES

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('UA502', 'Bananas', 105, DEFAULT, 'Comedy', '82 minutes');

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INSERT INTO films (code, title, did, date_prod, kind)

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VALUES ('T_601', 'Yojimbo', 106, DEFAULT, 'Drama');

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</programlisting>

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</para>

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<para>

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To insert a row consisting entirely of default values:

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INSERT INTO films DEFAULT VALUES;

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</programlisting>

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</para>

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<para>

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This example inserts some rows into table

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<literal>films</literal> from a table <literal>tmp_films</literal>

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with the same column layout as <literal>films</literal>:

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INSERT INTO films SELECT * FROM tmp_films WHERE date_prod < '2004-05-07';

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</programlisting>

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</para>

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<para>

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This example inserts into array columns:

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-- Create an empty 3x3 gameboard for noughts-and-crosses

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-- (these commands create the same board)

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INSERT INTO tictactoe (game, board[1:3][1:3])

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VALUES (1,'{{"","",""},{"","",""},{"","",""}}');

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INSERT INTO tictactoe (game, board)

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VALUES (2,'{{,,},{,,},{,,}}');

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</programlisting>

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</para>

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</refsect1>

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<title>Compatibility</title>

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<para>

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<command>INSERT</command> conforms to the SQL standard. The case in

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which a column name list is omitted, but not all the columns are

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filled from the <literal>VALUES</> clause or <replaceable>query</>,

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is disallowed by the standard.

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</para>

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<para>

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Possible limitations of the <replaceable

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class="PARAMETER">query</replaceable> clause are documented under

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<xref linkend="sql-select" endterm="sql-select-title">.

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</para>

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</refsect1>

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</refentry>

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