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.\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE! It was generated by help2man 1.35.
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.TH LS "1" "October 2012" "GNU coreutils 8.20" "User Commands"
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ls \- list directory contents
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[\fIOPTION\fR]... [\fIFILE\fR]...
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.\" Add any additional description here
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List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
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Sort entries alphabetically if none of \fB\-cftuvSUX\fR nor \fB\-\-sort\fR is specified.
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Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
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\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
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do not ignore entries starting with .
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\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-almost\-all\fR
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do not list implied . and ..
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with \fB\-l\fR, print the author of each file
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\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-escape\fR
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print C\-style escapes for nongraphic characters
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\fB\-\-block\-size\fR=\fISIZE\fR
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scale sizes by SIZE before printing them. E.g.,
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\&'\-\-block\-size=M' prints sizes in units of
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1,048,576 bytes. See SIZE format below.
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\fB\-B\fR, \fB\-\-ignore\-backups\fR
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do not list implied entries ending with ~
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with \fB\-lt\fR: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
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modification of file status information)
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with \fB\-l\fR: show ctime and sort by name
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otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
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list entries by columns
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\fB\-\-color\fR[=\fIWHEN\fR]
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colorize the output. WHEN defaults to 'always'
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or can be 'never' or 'auto'. More info below
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\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-directory\fR
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list directory entries instead of contents,
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and do not dereference symbolic links
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\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-dired\fR
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generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
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do not sort, enable \fB\-aU\fR, disable \fB\-ls\fR \fB\-\-color\fR
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\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-classify\fR
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append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
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likewise, except do not append '*'
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\fB\-\-format\fR=\fIWORD\fR
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across \fB\-x\fR, commas \fB\-m\fR, horizontal \fB\-x\fR, long \fB\-l\fR,
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single\-column \fB\-1\fR, verbose \fB\-l\fR, vertical \fB\-C\fR
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like \fB\-l\fR \fB\-\-time\-style\fR=\fIfull\-iso\fR
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like \fB\-l\fR, but do not list owner
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\fB\-\-group\-directories\-first\fR
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group directories before files.
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augment with a \fB\-\-sort\fR option, but any
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use of \fB\-\-sort\fR=\fInone\fR (\fB\-U\fR) disables grouping
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\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-no\-group\fR
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in a long listing, don't print group names
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\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-human\-readable\fR
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with \fB\-l\fR, print sizes in human readable format
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likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
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\fB\-H\fR, \fB\-\-dereference\-command\-line\fR
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follow symbolic links listed on the command line
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\fB\-\-dereference\-command\-line\-symlink\-to\-dir\fR
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follow each command line symbolic link
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that points to a directory
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\fB\-\-hide\fR=\fIPATTERN\fR
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do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
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(overridden by \fB\-a\fR or \fB\-A\fR)
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\fB\-\-indicator\-style\fR=\fIWORD\fR
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append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
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none (default), slash (\fB\-p\fR),
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file\-type (\fB\-\-file\-type\fR), classify (\fB\-F\fR)
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\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inode\fR
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print the index number of each file
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\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-ignore\fR=\fIPATTERN\fR
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do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
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\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-kibibytes\fR
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use 1024\-byte blocks
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use a long listing format
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\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-dereference\fR
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when showing file information for a symbolic
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link, show information for the file the link
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references rather than for the link itself
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fill width with a comma separated list of entries
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\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-numeric\-uid\-gid\fR
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like \fB\-l\fR, but list numeric user and group IDs
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\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-literal\fR
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print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
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characters specially)
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like \fB\-l\fR, but do not list group information
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\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-indicator\-style\fR=\fIslash\fR
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append / indicator to directories
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\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-hide\-control\-chars\fR
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print ? instead of non graphic characters
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\fB\-\-show\-control\-chars\fR
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show non graphic characters as\-is (default
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unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)
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\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-quote\-name\fR
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enclose entry names in double quotes
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\fB\-\-quoting\-style\fR=\fIWORD\fR
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use quoting style WORD for entry names:
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literal, locale, shell, shell\-always, c, escape
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\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reverse\fR
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reverse order while sorting
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\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-recursive\fR
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list subdirectories recursively
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\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-size\fR
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print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
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\fB\-\-sort\fR=\fIWORD\fR
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sort by WORD instead of name: none \fB\-U\fR,
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extension \fB\-X\fR, size \fB\-S\fR, time \fB\-t\fR, version \fB\-v\fR
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\fB\-\-time\fR=\fIWORD\fR
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with \fB\-l\fR, show time as WORD instead of modification
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time: atime \fB\-u\fR, access \fB\-u\fR, use \fB\-u\fR, ctime \fB\-c\fR,
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or status \fB\-c\fR; use specified time as sort key
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if \fB\-\-sort\fR=\fItime\fR
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\fB\-\-time\-style\fR=\fISTYLE\fR
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with \fB\-l\fR, show times using style STYLE:
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full\-iso, long\-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.
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FORMAT is interpreted like 'date'; if FORMAT is
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FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
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non\-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
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if STYLE is prefixed with 'posix\-', STYLE
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takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
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sort by modification time, newest first
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\fB\-T\fR, \fB\-\-tabsize\fR=\fICOLS\fR
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assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
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with \fB\-lt\fR: sort by, and show, access time
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with \fB\-l\fR: show access time and sort by name
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otherwise: sort by access time
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do not sort; list entries in directory order
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natural sort of (version) numbers within text
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\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-width\fR=\fICOLS\fR
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assume screen width instead of current value
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list entries by lines instead of by columns
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sort alphabetically by entry extension
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\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-context\fR
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print any SELinux security context of each file
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list one file per line
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display this help and exit
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output version information and exit
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SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024). Units
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are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).
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Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and
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with \fB\-\-color\fR=\fInever\fR. With \fB\-\-color\fR=\fIauto\fR, ls emits color codes only when
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standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment
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variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.
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if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
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if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command\-line argument).
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Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.
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Report ls bugs to bug\-coreutils@gnu.org
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GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
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General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
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Report ls translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>
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Copyright \(co 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
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This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
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There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
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The full documentation for
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is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the
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programs are properly installed at your site, the command
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.B info coreutils \(aqls invocation\(aq
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should give you access to the complete manual.
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man/ls.1
