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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Anpassa Thunar</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../thunar.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Filhanteraren Thunar"><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Filhanteraren Thunar"><link rel="prev" href="preferences.html" title="File Management Preferences"><link rel="next" href="advanced-topics.html" title="Avancerade �mnen"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Anpassa Thunar</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="preferences.html">F�reg�ende</a>�</td><th width="60%" align="center">�</th><td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="advanced-topics.html">N�sta</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="sect1" title="Anpassa Thunar"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="customizing-thunar"></a>Anpassa Thunar</h2></div></div></div><p>
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This chapter describes how to customize certain parts of the file manager to your own needs.
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</p><div class="sect2" title='The "Send To" Menu'><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="sendto"></a>The "Send To" Menu</h3></div></div></div><p>
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Thunar includes a <span class="guilabel"><strong>Send To</strong></span> menu, which provides possible targets where files and folders can
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be sent to. To access the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Send To</strong></span> menu, choose
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<span class="guimenu"><strong>File</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Send To</strong></span> from the main menu, or right-click
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on a file or folder and choose <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Send To</strong></span>.
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</p><div class="screenshot"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/sendto-menu.png" alt='"Send To" Menu'></div></div><p>
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By default, the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Send To</strong></span> menu includes an entry named <span class="guilabel"><strong>Desktop (Create Link)</strong></span> for all
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files and folders, which simply creates a link on the desktop for each selected file. In addition, if the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Shortcuts
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Pane</strong></span> is active, the menu also includes an entry called <span class="guilabel"><strong>Side Pane (Create Shortcut)</strong></span> for folders,
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which allows users to add new shortcuts to the side pane. Following these entries, <strong class="application"><code>Thunar</code></strong> lists
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the removable drives currently plugged into the computer. In the screenshot above, the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Floppy Drive</strong></span>
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represents a possible target where files can be sent to. Note that the device is mounted automatically once selected from
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the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Send To</strong></span> menu, so you do not need to manually mount it.
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In addition <strong class="application"><code>Thunar</code></strong> also ships the <strong class="application"><code>thunar-sendto-email</code></strong> plugin, which adds
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the entry <span class="guilabel"><strong>Mail Recipient</strong></span> to the menu, that opens the mail composer with the selected files attach to the
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new email. If the selection contains atleast one folder, the selected items are added to a ZIP archive before attaching them
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to the email. Otherwise, if the selection contains multiple files, or a single file, which is larger than 200Kib, the user will
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be prompted whether to pack the files into a ZIP archive, and send the ZIP archive.
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Like most other features of <strong class="application"><code>Thunar</code></strong>, the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Send to</strong></span> menu can be easily extended
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by users and application developers with new targets, using standard <a class="ulink" href="http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Standards_2fdesktop_2dentry_2dspec" target="_top">desktop entry files</a>. These files must be
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installed into one of the <code class="filename">$XDG_DATA_DIRS/Thunar/sendto/</code> folders (see the <a class="ulink" href="http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Standards_2fbasedir_2dspec" target="_top">XDG Base Directory Specification</a> for details about the
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<code class="literal">$XDG_DATA_DIRS</code> variable).
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The <code class="literal">MimeType</code> of the target <code class="filename">.desktop</code> specifies the types of files for which this action
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should be available in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Send To</strong></span> menu. For example, say you want to add entry for a <a class="ulink" href="http://flickr.com/" target="_top">Flickr</a> uploader tool, then this entry should only show up if the selection contains JPEG
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files (other file formats are not supported by Flickr) and so you should add a line <code class="literal">MimeType=image/jpeg;</code>.
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If you do not specify any <code class="literal">MimeType</code> your entry will show up for all file types.
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A complete example using the <strong class="application"><code>postr</code></strong> application is shown below:
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</p><pre class="programlisting">
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# postr.desktop - Integrate postr into
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MimeType=image/jpeg;</pre><p>
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If you install this file to <code class="filename">~/.local/share/Thunar/sendto/</code> (create the folder if
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it does not exist yet), the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Send To</strong></span> menu for JPEG files will show the new entry <span class="guilabel"><strong>Flickr</strong></span>,
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which can be used to upload JPEG images to Flickr.
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The <a class="ulink" href="http://thunar.xfce.org/pwiki/documentation/sendto_menu" target="_top">Thunar Project Wiki</a> contains
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additional examples of useful targets for the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Send To</strong></span> menu. Feel free to extend the Wiki page with
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</p></div><div class="sect2" title="Thumbnailers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="thumbnailers"></a>Thumbnailers</h3></div></div></div><p>
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Thunar uses small utilities to create thumbnails of certain file types and displays the thumbnails as preview of the
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file content. These small tools are called thumbnailers. Thunar ships with thumbnailers for image and font files, and
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makes use of the installed thumbnailers from GNOME automatically if it was installed with support for <code class="literal">gconf</code>.
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Users may however dynamically extend this basic functionality with thumbnailers for additional file types.
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If you plan to write a custom thumbnailers, you need to start with a program that accepts atleast two command line parameters,
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the input file, which is of the file type you plan to support and the output file, which is a PNG file that complies with the
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format specified by the <a class="ulink" href="http://jens.triq.net/thumbnail-spec/creation.html#AEN139" target="_top">Thumbnail Management
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Standard</a>. Additionally your program may also accept the desired size of the thumbnail, which is optional but highly
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recommended. If you write the output file at an arbitrary image size, Thunar will afterwards scale it to the desired size,
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which might produce a less optimal result than generating the thumbnail with the requested dimensions.
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Once your utility to generate the thumbnails is done, you will need to register your thumbnailer, so Thunar is able to locate
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and use it. Therefore all you need to do is to install a description file for the thumbnailer (a <code class="filename">.desktop</code> file)
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in one of the <code class="filename">$XDG_DATA_DIRS/thumbnailers/</code> paths. For example, if you want to register the
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thumbnailer for your user account only, you can install the file into the folder <code class="filename">~/.local/share/thumbnailers/</code>. The <code class="filename">.desktop</code> for thumbnailers has the following format.
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</p><div class="sect3" title="Thumbnailer Description File Format"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="thumbnailer-desktop-file-format"></a>Thumbnailer Description File Format</h4></div></div></div><p>
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Thumbnailer description files utilize the <a class="ulink" href="http://standards.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/latest/" target="_top">Desktop
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Entry Format</a> with a special <code class="literal">Type</code> of <code class="literal">X-Thumbnailer</code> and special field
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<code class="literal">X-Thumbnailer-Exec</code> with new field codes. Basically, a thumbnailer description file has the following format.
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</p><pre class="programlisting">
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MimeType=your-supported/mime-type;
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X-Thumbnailer-Exec=your-thumbnailer %i %o %s</pre><p>
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The <code class="literal">Version</code> and <code class="literal">Encoding</code> are mandated by the Desktop Entry Specification, just use the values shown
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in the example above. The <code class="literal">Type</code> field must have the special value <code class="literal">X-Thumbnailer</code>, otherwise your
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thumbnailer will not be recognized. The <code class="literal">Name</code> value describes your thumbnailer.
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The <code class="literal">X-Thumbnailer-Exec</code> field contains the command to run your thumbnailer, and supports certain field codes that will
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be substituted when the thumbnailer is run. Recognized field codes are as follows:
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</p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term"><code class="varname">%i</code></span></dt><dd><p>The local path to the input file for which to create a thumbnail. May be either a path relative to the directory from which the
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thumbnailer was invoked or an absolute path.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="varname">%o</code></span></dt><dd><p>The local path to the output file where to store the generated thumbnail. The output file must be written as valid PNG file according
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to the thumbnail standard (see above). Note that the path may not end with <code class="literal">.png</code>, which matters if you invoke certain
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third party tools.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="varname">%s</code></span></dt><dd><p>The desired size of the generated thumbnail in pixels. This parameter is optional.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="varname">%u</code></span></dt><dd><p>Similar to <code class="literal">%i</code>, but substituted with the URI of the file, rather than the path. This was added for compatibility with
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GNOME.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="varname">%%</code></span></dt><dd><p>Will be substituted with a single <code class="literal">%</code>.</p></dd></dl></div><p>
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You need to include atleast <code class="literal">%o</code> and <code class="literal">%i</code> or <code class="literal">%u</code>, otherwise your thumbnailer will
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The <code class="literal">MimeType</code> lists the MIME types - separated by semicolon - for which your thumbnailer is able to create previews.
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</p></div><div class="sect3" title="Example EPS Thumbnailer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="eps-thumbnailer-example"></a>Example EPS Thumbnailer</h4></div></div></div><p>
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This example demonstrates how to write and install a new thumbnailer for <code class="filename">.eps</code> files, which uses the
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<span class="command"><strong>convert</strong></span> utility that ships as part of ImageMagick. First, we start with a simple script that invokes
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<span class="command"><strong>convert</strong></span> to generate a thumbnail at the requested size.
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</p><pre class="programlisting">
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# eps-thumbnailer - Example thumbnailer script for EPS files.
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# Usage: esp-thumbnailer eps-file png-file size
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# command line parameters
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# invoke convert (ImageMagick)
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exec convert "eps:$ifile" -scale "$sizex$size" "png:$ofile"</pre><p>
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Save this script above to a file <code class="filename">eps-thumbnailer</code>, make sure the file is executable and install it
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to <code class="filename">/usr/local/bin</code>.
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</p><pre class="screen">
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$ chmod +x eps-thumbnailer
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$ sudo install eps-thumbnailer /usr/local/bin/eps-thumbnailer</pre><p>
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Next we need to create the thumbnail description file <code class="filename">eps-thumbnailer.desktop</code>, which looks like this:
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</p><pre class="programlisting">
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MimeType=image/x-eps;
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X-Thumbnailer-Exec=/usr/local/bin/eps-thumbnailer %i %o %s</pre><p>
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This file must be installed to <code class="filename">/usr/local/share/thumbnailers</code> (create the folder if
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</p><pre class="screen">
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$ sudo install -d /usr/local/share/thumbnailers
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$ sudo install eps-thumbnailer.desktop /usr/local/share/thumbnailers/eps-thumbnailer.desktop</pre><p>
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The <code class="filename">eps-thumbnailer.desktop</code> file uses the special key <code class="literal">TryExec</code>, which, if specified,
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names a command that must be present on the system for the thumbnailer to be useful. In this case, our script is useless if
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the <span class="command"><strong>convert</strong></span> utility is not present.
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The last step is to regenerate the thumbnailer cache, so Thunar will pick up our thumbnailer. The thumbnailer cache is located
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at <code class="filename">$XDG_CACHE_HOME/Thunar/thumbnailers.cache</code> (unless overridden by your or your system administrator, the
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<code class="varname">$XDG_CACHE_HOME</code> points to the folder <code class="filename">~/.cache/</code>). The thumbnailers
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cache is regenerated periodically by Thunar, but you can force to regenerate it by invoking the
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<code class="filename">thunar-vfs-update-thumbnailers-cache-1</code> utility, that ships as part of Thunar. This utility is usually installed
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in the <code class="filename">libexec</code> subfolder of your installation prefix (<code class="filename">sbin</code>
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on Debian/Ubuntu). So for example, if Thunar is installed in <code class="filename">/usr</code>, invoke the utility as
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</p><pre class="screen">$ /usr/libexec/thunar-vfs-update-thumbnailers-cache-1</pre><p>
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But make sure you run the program from your user account, not the superuser account, since the thumbnailers cache is stored in
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your home folder, rather than a system wide location.
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Now, if Thunar is compiled with support for file alteration monitoring (using the FAM or Gamin services), it will automatically
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pick up the new thumbnailers cache within a few seconds and afterwards be able to generate thumbnails using your custom
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thumbnailers. Otherwise you might need to completely restart Thunar to apply the changes, using
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</p><pre class="screen">$ Thunar -q</pre><p>
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to terminate any running instance, and afterwards restart it from your launcher.
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</p></div><div class="sect3" title="Cleaning up Thumbnails"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="cleaning-up-thumbnails"></a>Cleaning up Thumbnails</h4></div></div></div><p>
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The generated thumbnails are stored in the folder <code class="filename">~/.thumbnails/</code> complying with the <a class="ulink" href="http://jens.triq.net/thumbnail-spec/index.html" target="_top">Thumbnail Management Standard</a>. While testing a new
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thumbnailer, it might help to clean up the thumbnail cache using
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</p><pre class="screen">$ rm -rf ~/.thumbnails/</pre><p>
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which will also give you some free space in your home folder. Since all the information stored within this folder was automatically
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generated from files in your file system, you will not loose any sensitive data.
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