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<!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../../libs/global.ent">
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<!-- NAMES --><!ENTITY canonical-name "Canonical Ltd.">
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<!ENTITY project-name "Ubuntu Documentation Project">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>">
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<!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY distro-version "Dapper Drake">
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<!ENTITY distro-rev "6.06 LTS">
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<!ENTITY distro-release-date "June 2006">
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<!ENTITY linux-kernel-version "2.6.15">
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<!ENTITY gcc-version "4.0.3">
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<!ENTITY glibc-version "2.3.6">
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<!ENTITY python-version "2.4.3">
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<!-- AUTHORS --><!ENTITY author-ubuntu-documentation-project SYSTEM "../common/authors/ubuntu-documentation-project.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-christoph-haas SYSTEM "../common/authors/christoph-haas.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-alexander-poslavsky SYSTEM "../common/authors/alexander-poslavsky.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-alan-hood SYSTEM "../common/authors/alan-hood.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-johnathon-hornbeck SYSTEM "../common/authors/johnathon-hornbeck.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-nick-loeve SYSTEM "../common/authors/nick-loeve.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-gordon-ingram SYSTEM "../common/authors/gordon-ingram.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-sean-wheller SYSTEM "../common/authors/sean-wheller.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-enrico-zini SYSTEM "../common/authors/enrico-zini.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-kevin-muligan SYSTEM "../common/authors/kevin-muligan.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-ari-torhamo SYSTEM "../common/authors/ari-torhamo.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-jeff-schering SYSTEM "../common/authors/jeff-schering.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-corey-burger SYSTEM "../common/authors/corey-burger.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-niel-tallim SYSTEM "../common/authors/niel-tallim.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-henry-meyerding SYSTEM "../common/authors/henry-meyerding.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-matthew-east SYSTEM "../common/authors/matthew-east.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-jerome-gotangco SYSTEM "../common/authors/jerome-gotangco.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-johnathan-jesse SYSTEM "../common/authors/johnathan-jesse.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-greg-taylor SYSTEM "../common/authors/greg-taylor.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-troy-williams SYSTEM "../common/authors/troy-williams.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-matt-galvin SYSTEM "../common/authors/matt-galvin.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-robert-stoffers SYSTEM "../common/authors/robert-stoffers.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-jordan-mantha SYSTEM "../common/authors/jordan-mantha.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-venkat-raghavan SYSTEM "../common/authors/venkat-raghavan.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-brian-burger SYSTEM "../common/authors/brian-burger.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-rocco-stanzione SYSTEM "../common/authors/rocco-stanzione.xml">
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<!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM "../common/C/glossary.xml">
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<!-- LEGAL URLs --><!ENTITY gpl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc "http://creativecommons.org/">
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<!ENTITY cc-attrib '<ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-fulldeed-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode/">
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<!ENTITY fdl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en">
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<!-- CANONICAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY canonical-url "http://www.canonical.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY ubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-dpkgfile "ubuntu5.10.tar">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-web "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-main "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-download "http://www.ubuntu.com/download">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-forums "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-components "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-wiki "http://wiki.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-irc "irc.freenode.net channel #ubuntu">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-bugzilla "https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-bugs "https://launchpad.net/products/ubuntu-doc/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-paidsupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/supportoptions/paidsupport">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-freesupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/supportoptions/freesupport">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-comments "http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=21787">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation "http://help.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation-repos "https://docteam.ubuntu.com/repos/trunk">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-team "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-list "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-doc">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-shipit "http://shipit.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-launchpad "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-rosetta "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com/rosetta">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-planet "http://planet.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-philosophy "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-participate "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate/">
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<!-- UBUNTU WIKI RESOURCES --><!ENTITY wiki-UserDocumentation "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY restricted-formats "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RestrictedFormats "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-XChatHowto "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/XChatHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RootSudo "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RootSudo">
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<!ENTITY wiki-HowToGetHelp "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HowToGetHelp">
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<!ENTITY transcode "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DVDRippingandEncoding">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Wine "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Wine">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Cedega "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Cedega">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Nano "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/NanoHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-locoteams "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeamList">
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<!ENTITY wiki-BasicCommands "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BasicCommands">
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<!ENTITY wiki-filepermissions "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/FilePermissions">
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<!-- KUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY kubuntu-web "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-main "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-download "http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com/breezy/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-cdpackages-nodefault "http://people.ubuntu.com/~cjwatson/seeds/kubuntu-breezy/ship">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-users "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-devel "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-devel/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-mirrors "http://distrowatch.com/kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-forums "http://ubuntuforums.org/forumdisplay.php?f=68">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-forums2 "http://kubuntuforums.net">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki "http://www.ubuntu.com/wiki/Kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-irc "irc.freenode.net channel kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-documentation-site "http://www.kubuntu.org/documentation.php">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki-UserDocumentation "https://wiki.kubuntu.com/UserDocumentation">
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<!-- XUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY xubuntu-irc "irc.freenode.net channel xubuntu">
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<!-- DEBIAN RESOURCES --><!ENTITY debian-apt "http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">
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<!-- EXTERNAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY linmodem "http://www.linmodems.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnome "http://www.gnome.org/">
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<!ENTITY linuxorg "http://www.linux.org/">
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<!ENTITY ooo "http://www.openoffice.org/">
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<!ENTITY kde "http://www.kde.org/">
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<!ENTITY lugww "http://lugww.counter.li.org/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-watch "http://distrowatch.com/ubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY realplayer-download "http://www.real.com/linux/">
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<!ENTITY nvu-download "http://www.nvu.com/download.html">
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<!ENTITY sunjava-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY xorg "http://www.x.org">
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<!ENTITY dyndns "http://www.dyndns.org">
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<!ENTITY shoutcast "http://www.shoutcast.com/">
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<!ENTITY freedomtoaster "http://www.freedomtoaster.org/">
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<!-- ubuntu-screenshots TODO --><!ENTITY kubuntu-screenshots "http://shots.osdir.com/slideshows/slideshow.php?release=306&slide=1">
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<!ENTITY mozilla "http://www.mozilla.org/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla-firefox "http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">
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<!ENTITY gnu "http://www.gnu.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnu-philosophy "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">
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<!ENTITY win4lin "http://www.win4lin.com">
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<!ENTITY codeweavers "http://www.codeweavers.com">
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<!ENTITY kernel "http://www.kernel.org">
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<!ENTITY google "http://www.google.com">
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<!ENTITY kdelook " http://www.kde-look.org">
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<!ENTITY lulu-store "http://www.lulu.com/ubuntu-doc">
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<!-- this entity controls the url for addons--><!ENTITY java-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY skype-deb "skype_1.2.0.17-1_i386.deb">
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<!ENTITY skype-download "http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-gz "scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-url "http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/packages/scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY ext2fs-url "http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html">
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<!ENTITY mvb-tar "mvb_1.6.tgz">
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<!ENTITY mvb-url "http://www.xscd.com/pub/mvb/&mvb-tar;">
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<!-- TLDP --><!ENTITY ldp-pre-install-check "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Pre-Installation-Checklist/">
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<!-- LANGUAGES (sorted by two letter code)--><!ENTITY Afar "aa">
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<!ENTITY Abkhazian "ab">
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<!ENTITY Afrikaans "af">
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<!ENTITY Amharic "af">
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<!ENTITY Arabic "ar">
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<!ENTITY Assamese "as">
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<!ENTITY Aymara "ay">
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<!ENTITY Azerbaijani "az">
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<!ENTITY Bashkir "ba">
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<!ENTITY Byelorussian "be">
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<!ENTITY Bulgarian "bg">
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<!ENTITY Bihari "bh">
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<!ENTITY Bislama "bi">
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<!ENTITY Bangla "bn">
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<!ENTITY Bengali "bn">
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<!ENTITY Tibetan "bo">
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<!ENTITY Breton "br">
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<!ENTITY Catalan "ca">
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<!ENTITY Corsican "co">
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<!ENTITY Danish "da">
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<!ENTITY German "de">
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<!ENTITY Bhutani "dz">
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<!-- <!ENTITY EnglishAmerican 'en'> --><!ENTITY EnglishAmerican "C">
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<!ENTITY Esperanto "eo">
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<!ENTITY Spanish "es">
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<!ENTITY Estonian "et">
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<!ENTITY Basque "eu">
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<!ENTITY Persian "fa">
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<!ENTITY Finnish "fi">
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<!ENTITY Faeroese "fo">
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<!ENTITY French "fr">
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<!ENTITY Frisian "fy">
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<!ENTITY Gaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY ScotsGaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY Galician "gl">
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<!ENTITY Guarani "gn">
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<!ENTITY Gujarati "gu">
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<!ENTITY Croatian "hr">
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<!ENTITY Hungarian "hu">
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<!ENTITY Armenian "hy">
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<!ENTITY Interlingua "ia">
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<!ENTITY Interlingue "ie">
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<!ENTITY Inupiak "ik">
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<!ENTITY Indonesian "in">
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<!ENTITY Icelandic "is">
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<!ENTITY Italian "it">
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<!ENTITY Hebrew "iw">
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<!ENTITY Japanese "ja">
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<!ENTITY Yiddish "ji">
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<!ENTITY Javanese "jw">
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<!ENTITY Georgian "ka">
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<!ENTITY Kazakh "kk">
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<!ENTITY Greenlandic "kl">
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<!ENTITY Cambodian "km">
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<!ENTITY Kannada "kn">
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<!ENTITY Korean "ko">
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<!ENTITY Kashmiri "ks">
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<!ENTITY Kurdish "ku">
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<!ENTITY Kirghiz "ky">
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<!ENTITY Lingala "ln">
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<!ENTITY Laothian "lo">
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<!ENTITY Lithuanian "lt">
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<!ENTITY Latvian "lv">
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<!ENTITY Lettish "lv">
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<!ENTITY Malagasy "mg">
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<!ENTITY Macedonian "mk">
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<!ENTITY Malayalam "ml">
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<!ENTITY Mongolian "mn">
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<!ENTITY Moldavian "mo">
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<!ENTITY Marathi "mr">
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<!ENTITY Maltese "mt">
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<!ENTITY Burmese "my">
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<!ENTITY Nepali "ne">
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<!ENTITY Norwegian "no">
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<!ENTITY Occitan "oc">
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<!ENTITY Punjabi "pa">
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<!ENTITY Polish "pl">
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<!ENTITY Pushto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Pashto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Portuguese "pt">
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<!ENTITY Quechua "qu">
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<!ENTITY Rhaeto-Romance "rm">
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<!ENTITY Kirundi "rn">
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<!ENTITY Romanian "ro">
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<!ENTITY Russian "ru">
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<!ENTITY Kinyarwanda "rw">
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<!ENTITY Sanskrit "sa">
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<!ENTITY Sindhi "sd">
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<!ENTITY Sangro "sg">
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<!ENTITY Serbo-Croatian "sh">
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<!ENTITY Singhalese "si">
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<!ENTITY Slovak "sk">
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<!ENTITY Slovenian "sl">
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<!ENTITY Samoan "sm">
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<!ENTITY Somali "so">
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<!ENTITY Albanian "sq">
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<!ENTITY Serbian "sr">
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<!ENTITY Siswati "ss">
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<!ENTITY Sesotho "st">
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<!ENTITY Sudanese "su">
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<!ENTITY Swedish "sv">
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<!ENTITY Swahili "sw">
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<!ENTITY Tegulu "te">
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<!ENTITY Tigrinya "ti">
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<!ENTITY Turkmen "tk">
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<!ENTITY Tagalog "tl">
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<!ENTITY Setswana "tn">
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<!ENTITY Turkish "tr">
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<!ENTITY Tsonga "ts">
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<!ENTITY Ukrainian "uk">
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<!ENTITY Vietnamese "vi">
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<!ENTITY Volapuk "vo">
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<!ENTITY Yoruba "yo">
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<!ENTITY Chinese "zh">
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<!ENTITY % cdo-C SYSTEM "../../../libs/cdo-C.ent">
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<!-- COMMON DOC OBJECTS --><!ENTITY copyright SYSTEM "../common/C/copyright.xml">
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<!ENTITY conventions SYSTEM "../common/C/conventions.xml">
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<!ENTITY feedback SYSTEM "../common/C/feedback.xml">
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<!ENTITY publisher SYSTEM "../common/C/publisher.xml">
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<!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../common/C/legalnotice.xml">
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<!ENTITY disclaimer SYSTEM "../common/C/disclaimer.xml">
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<!ENTITY inline-ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/inlinemediaobject-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY inline-ubuntu-icon-header SYSTEM "../common/C/inlinemediaobject-ubuntu-icon-header.xml">
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<!ENTITY relative-ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/mediaobject-relative-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/mediaobject-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY gpl SYSTEM "../common/C/gpl.xml">
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<!ENTITY fdl SYSTEM "../common/C/fdl.xml">
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<!ENTITY cc-by-sa SYSTEM "../common/C/ccbysa.xml">
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<!ENTITY % gnome-menus-C SYSTEM "../../../ubuntu/libs/gnome-menus-C.ent">
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<!-- MENUS --><!-- Please keep entries alphabetical, it makes them much easier to find & use --><!ENTITY about-me SYSTEM "../menus/C/about-me.xml">
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<!ENTITY accessories SYSTEM "../menus/C/accessories.xml">
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<!ENTITY acro-read SYSTEM "../menus/C/acro-read.xml">
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<!ENTITY administration SYSTEM "../menus/C/administration.xml">
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<!ENTITY amule SYSTEM "../menus/C/amule.xml">
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<!ENTITY archive-man SYSTEM "../menus/C/archive-man.xml">
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<!ENTITY assistive-technology-preferences SYSTEM "../menus/C/assistive-technology-preferences.xml">
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<!ENTITY azureus SYSTEM "../menus/C/azureus.xml">
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<!ENTITY blender3d SYSTEM "../menus/C/blender3d.xml">
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<!ENTITY boot SYSTEM "../menus/C/boot.xml">
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<!ENTITY calculator SYSTEM "../menus/C/calculator.xml">
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<!ENTITY character-map SYSTEM "../menus/C/character-map.xml">
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<!ENTITY desktop-background SYSTEM "../menus/C/desktop-background.xml">
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<!ENTITY desktop-preferences SYSTEM "../menus/C/desktop-preferences.xml">
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<!ENTITY device-manager SYSTEM "../menus/C/device-manager.xml">
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<!ENTITY dictionary SYSTEM "../menus/C/dictionary.xml">
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<!ENTITY disks SYSTEM "../menus/C/disks.xml">
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<!ENTITY downloader-x SYSTEM "../menus/C/downloader-x.xml">
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<!ENTITY file-management SYSTEM "../menus/C/file-management.xml">
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<!ENTITY firefox SYSTEM "../menus/C/firefox.xml">
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<!ENTITY firestarter-firewall-tool SYSTEM "../menus/C/firestarter-firewall-tool.xml">
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<!ENTITY font SYSTEM "../menus/C/font.xml">
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<!ENTITY gaim SYSTEM "../menus/C/gaim.xml">
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<!ENTITY games SYSTEM "../menus/C/games.xml">
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<!ENTITY gftp SYSTEM "../menus/C/gftp.xml">
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<!ENTITY gimp SYSTEM "../menus/C/gimp.xml">
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<!ENTITY gnome-app-install SYSTEM "../menus/C/gnomeappinstall.xml">
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<!ENTITY gnome-config-editor SYSTEM "../menus/C/gnome-config-editor.xml">
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<!ENTITY gparted SYSTEM "../menus/C/gparted.xml">
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<!ENTITY graphics SYSTEM "../menus/C/graphics.xml">
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<!ENTITY gthumb SYSTEM "../menus/C/gthumb.xml">
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<!ENTITY home-folder SYSTEM "../menus/C/home-folder.xml">
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<!ENTITY inkscape SYSTEM "../menus/C/inkscape.xml">
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<!ENTITY internet SYSTEM "../menus/C/internet.xml">
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<!ENTITY keyboard SYSTEM "../menus/C/keyboard.xml">
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<!ENTITY keyboard-shortcuts SYSTEM "../menus/C/keyboard-shortcuts.xml">
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<!ENTITY limewire SYSTEM "../menus/C/limewire.xml">
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<!ENTITY login-screen-setup SYSTEM "../menus/C/login-screen-setup.xml">
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<!ENTITY logout SYSTEM "../menus/C/logout.xml">
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<!ENTITY menu-editor SYSTEM "../menus/C/menu-editor.xml">
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<!ENTITY menus-and-toolbars SYSTEM "../menus/C/menus-and-toolbars.xml">
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<!ENTITY mouse SYSTEM "../menus/C/mouse.xml">
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<!ENTITY multimedia-systems-selector SYSTEM "../menus/C/multimedia-systems-selector.xml">
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<!ENTITY network-proxy SYSTEM "../menus/C/network-proxy.xml">
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<!ENTITY networking SYSTEM "../menus/C/networking.xml">
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<!ENTITY nvu SYSTEM "../menus/C/nvu.xml">
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<!ENTITY open-office SYSTEM "../menus/C/open-office.xml">
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<!ENTITY palmos-devices SYSTEM "../menus/C/palmos-devices.xml">
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<!ENTITY preferred-applications SYSTEM "../menus/C/preferred-applications.xml">
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<!ENTITY printing SYSTEM "../menus/C/printing.xml">
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<!ENTITY qtparted SYSTEM "../menus/C/qtparted.xml">
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<!ENTITY remote-desktop SYSTEM "../menus/C/remote-desktop.xml">
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<!ENTITY removable-drives-and-media SYSTEM "../menus/C/removable-drives-and-media.xml">
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<!ENTITY realplayer SYSTEM "../menus/C/realplayer.xml">
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<!ENTITY rhythmbox SYSTEM "../menus/C/rhythmbox.xml">
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<!ENTITY route-planner SYSTEM "../menus/C/route-planner.xml">
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<!ENTITY screen-resolution SYSTEM "../menus/C/screen-resolution.xml">
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<!ENTITY screensaver SYSTEM "../menus/C/screensaver.xml">
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<!ENTITY scribus SYSTEM "../menus/C/scribus.xml">
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<!ENTITY services SYSTEM "../menus/C/services.xml">
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<!ENTITY sessions SYSTEM "../menus/C/sessions.xml">
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<!ENTITY shared-folders SYSTEM "../menus/C/shared-folders.xml">
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<!ENTITY skype SYSTEM "../menus/C/skype.xml">
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<!ENTITY software-properties SYSTEM "../menus/C/software-properties.xml">
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<!ENTITY sound SYSTEM "../menus/C/sound.xml">
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<!ENTITY soundandvideo SYSTEM "../menus/C/soundandvideo.xml">
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<!ENTITY synaptic SYSTEM "../menus/C/synaptic.xml">
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<!ENTITY systemtools SYSTEM "../menus/C/systemtools.xml">
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<!ENTITY terminal SYSTEM "../menus/C/terminal.xml">
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<!ENTITY text-editor SYSTEM "../menus/C/text-editor.xml">
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<!ENTITY theme SYSTEM "../menus/C/theme.xml">
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<!ENTITY time-date SYSTEM "../menus/C/time-date.xml">
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<!ENTITY totem SYSTEM "../menus/C/totem.xml">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-update-manager SYSTEM "../menus/C/ubuntu-update-manager.xml">
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<!ENTITY users SYSTEM "../menus/C/users.xml">
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<!ENTITY users-groups SYSTEM "../menus/C/users-groups.xml">
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<!ENTITY windows SYSTEM "../menus/C/windows.xml">
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<!ENTITY xchat-gnome SYSTEM "../menus/C/xchat-gnome.xml">
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<!ENTITY xine SYSTEM "../menus/C/xine.xml">
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<!ENTITY xmms SYSTEM "../menus/C/xmms.xml">
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<!ENTITY % xinclude SYSTEM "../../../libs/xinclude.mod">
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<!ELEMENT xi:include (xi:fallback)?>
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<!ATTLIST xi:include xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<!ATTLIST xi:include href CDATA #REQUIRED>
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<!ATTLIST xi:include parse (xml | text) "xml">
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<!ATTLIST xi:include xpointer CDATA #IMPLIED>
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<!ATTLIST xi:include encoding CDATA #IMPLIED>
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<!ATTLIST xi:include accept CDATA #IMPLIED>
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<!ATTLIST xi:include accept-charset CDATA #IMPLIED>
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<!ATTLIST xi:include accept-language CDATA #IMPLIED>
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<!ELEMENT xi:fallback ANY>
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<!ATTLIST xi:fallback xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<!ENTITY % local.preface.class "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.part.class "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.chapter.class "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.divcomponent.mix "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.para.char.mix "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.info.class "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.common.attrib "xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude'">
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<!ENTITY language "en">
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<chapter id="bugs-chap" status="complete">
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<title>Ошибки</title>
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<para>One thing that you will almost certainly face as a packager is a bug in
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the software itself or in your packaging. Packaging bugs are often fairly easy and
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straightforward to fix. However, as packagers often act as the initial contact
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for software bugs for the users of their distribution(s), they also
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implement temporary fixes and are responsible for forwarding bug reports and
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fixes to the original (upstream) authors.</para>
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<para><ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BugSquad">Ubuntu Bug Squad</ulink> это команда Гарантии качества <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>. Люди в команде работают без устали для того чтобы сделать <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase> еще лучше. Они отслеживают ошибки в дистрибутиве <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase> следят за тем чтобы крупные ошибки не остались незамеченными разработчиками. Любой может присоединится к Bug Squad и это станет отличной отправной точкой для людей желающих внести вклад в развитие <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>. Вы можете найти Bug Squad на канале <emphasis>#ubuntu-bugs</emphasis> в IRC на <emphasis>irc.freenode.net</emphasis></para>
406
<sect1 status="complete">
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<title>Системы выявления ошибок</title>
409
<para>Для отслеживания ошибок (как программных, так и пакетов), во многих дистрибутивах разработаны системы выявления ошибок, позволяющие управлять отчетами об ошибках и уведомлять мэйнтейнеров пакетов и создателей отчетов об изменениях.</para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Bug Tracking Systems (BTS)</emphasis></para>
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<para>Debian : <ulink url="http://bugs.debian.org">http://bugs.debian.org</ulink></para>
413
<para><phrase>Ubuntu</phrase> : <ulink url="http://launchpad.net/malone/distros/ubuntu">http://launchpad.net/malone/distros/ubuntu</ulink></para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Bugs for Specific Packages</emphasis></para>
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<para>Debian : http://bugs.debian.org/<emphasis><packagename></emphasis></para>
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<para><phrase>Ubuntu</phrase> : use search at <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase> BTS </para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Bugs for Source Packages</emphasis></para>
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<para>Debian : http://bugs.debian.org/src:<emphasis><packagename></emphasis></para>
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<para><phrase>Ubuntu</phrase> : https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+source/<emphasis><packagename></emphasis>/+bugs</para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Package Information</emphasis></para>
421
<para>Debian : <ulink url="http://packages.debian.org">http://packages.debian.org</ulink> или http://packages.qa.ubuntu.org/<emphasis><packagename></emphasis></para>
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<para><phrase>Ubuntu</phrase> : <ulink url="http://packages.ubuntu.com">http://packages.ubuntu.com</ulink> or
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https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+source/<emphasis><packagename></emphasis>
429
<sect1 status="complete">
430
<title>Bug Tips</title>
433
<title>Proper source package</title>
435
<para>Assigning bugs to packages helps direct bug reports to the developer(s)
436
most likely to be able to help. By ensuring that this information is
437
accurate, you increase the chances of the bug being fixed promptly.
438
Often, it is unclear which package contains the bug, and in these cases it
439
is appropriate to file the bug in Ubuntu. If a bug is assigned to a
440
package which is clearly not correct, and you don't know the correct
441
package, change it to Ubuntu.</para>
443
<para>The correct package for bugs in the Linux kernel is <application>linux</application>,
444
regardless of which particular package is in use (there are many packages which contain
445
Linux kernels).</para>
449
<title>Confirming problems</title>
451
<para>If a bug is marked as Unconfirmed, it is helpful for you to try to
452
reproduce the problem and record the results in Malone. If you are able
453
to confirm the problem, you may change the status to Confirmed. If you are
454
unable to confirm the problem, that is also useful information that
455
should be recorded in a comment.</para>
457
<para><emphasis role="bold">Forwarding bugs
458
upstream</emphasis></para>
460
<para>You can forward bugs to the authors of the software (upstream), if</para>
465
<para>you made sure that the bug doesn't occur because of Ubuntu
466
related changes</para> </listitem>
470
<para>the change is too hard to be fixed by yourself or anyone
471
else on the team</para> </listitem>
474
<para>If you do this, be sure to include all the necessary information, such
479
<listitem> <para>how to reproduce the bug</para> </listitem>
481
<listitem> <para>which version is used (which version of dependent
482
libraries, if the bug indicates problems there)</para> </listitem>
484
<listitem><para>who reported it</para> </listitem>
486
<listitem> <para>where the whole conversation can be found</para>
491
<para>Make sure to also create a bug watch in Malone for this bug.</para>
496
<title>How to Deal with Feature Requests</title>
498
<para>If you feel that the bug reported is a feature request disguised as a
499
bug report, please introduce the reporter gently to the Specification
500
Process we have. Be sure to mention the following specification resources:
501
FeatureSpecifications, SpecSpec, SpecTemplate, and <ulink url="http://launchpad.net/specs">http://launchpad.net/specs</ulink>
506
<title>How to deal with Support Requests</title>
508
<para>If you feel that the bug reported is a support request disguised as a
509
bug report, please introduce the reporter gently to the Support Tracker we
510
have. Be sure to mention
511
<ulink url="http://launchpad.net/support">http://launchpad.net/support</ulink>.</para>
515
<title>How to deal with suggestions for changing defaults</title>
517
<para>If you feel that the bug reported is a suggestion for changing defaults
518
disguised as a bug report, please kindly reroute the discussion to an
519
appropriate mailing list or discussion forum. If this change has already been
520
discussed and rejected, explain the reasons to the user and direct him or
521
her to the relevant discussion for further suggestions/comments.</para>
525
<title>Finding Duplicates</title>
527
<para>Finding duplicates of bugs is a very valuable contribution in the Bug
528
community. Users sometimes don't know how to check if the same bug has
529
already been filed, and sometimes they don't care. Weeding out simple ME
530
TOO messages and aggregating information is crucial to the
531
process of fixing a bug.</para>
533
<para>There are quite a few measures you can take to assist with this aspect.
534
One is to search for bugs filed for the same component. Also try to
535
rephrase your search, and concentrate on actions and words that describe
536
the items involved to reproduce the bug.</para>
538
<para><emphasis role="bold">Примеры:</emphasis></para>
541
<listitem><para>Easy ones: <ulink url="https://launchpad.net/malone/bugs/24932">DAAP
542
support</ulink> is a duplicate of <ulink url="https://launchpad.net/malone/bugs/24860">please enable
543
daap</ulink>.</para></listitem>
544
<listitem><para>Более сложные: <ulink url="https://launchpad.net/malone/bugs/24011">plug:spdif на emu10k1 исчез после обновления breezy</ulink> является дубликатом <ulink url="https://launchpad.net/malone/bugs/21804"> Пропал звук после обновления пакетов с Hoary до Breezy</ulink>.</para></listitem>
547
<para>Если вы не можете найти ее в списке открытых ошибок, попытайтесь найти ее в списке закрытых. Не унывайте если сразу не найдете дубликаты. По прошествии некоторого времени вы распознаете типичные признаки сможете определять их гораздо легче.</para>
549
<note><para>Если вы столкнулись с ошибкой с ужасным/ непонятным названием, перефразируйте ее дабы люди могли найти ее быстрее.</para></note>
554
<title> Reminder of the Code of Conduct</title>
556
<para>Note that the Code of Conduct applies to conversations in bug reports
557
too. If you observe people being disrespectful, please direct them to
558
the <ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com/community/conduct">Ubuntu Code
559
of Conduct</ulink>.</para>
564
<title>Managing Status</title>
566
<para>As a reporter you usually don't have to take care of statuses. As a bug
567
triager or developer it's an important tool to categorize bugs and have a
568
good overview of the state of packages and software.</para>
570
<para>Вот краткий список и описание различных статусов:</para>
574
<listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">Unconfirmed:</emphasis> Bugs start
575
with this status. Bugs marked Unconfirmed sometimes lack
576
information, are not ready, or are not confirmed yet. Most of them
577
have not yet been triaged.</para></listitem>
579
<listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">Needs Info:</emphasis> If you have
580
to ask the reporter questions, please set this bug to "Needs
581
Info". A regular task for Needs Info bugs is to ask back. If there
582
are no answers after a reasonable period, close them saying "If
583
you have more information on this bug, please
584
reopen."</para></listitem>
586
<listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">Rejected:</emphasis> Bugs marked as
587
Rejected are closed. Be sure to triple-check a bug before you
588
reject it.</para></listitem>
590
<listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">Confirmed:</emphasis> Confirmed bugs
591
require somebody else to confirm. Please don't confirm your own
592
bugs.</para></listitem>
594
<listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">In Progress:</emphasis> If you start
595
working on a bug, set it to In Progress so people know someone is
596
working on the bug.</para></listitem>
598
<listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">Fix Committed:</emphasis> For
599
upstream projects this means the fix is in CVS/SVN/bzr or committed
600
somewhere. For package maintainers it means that the changes are
601
pending and to be uploaded soon (it is what PENDINGUPLOAD is in
602
Bugzilla)</para></listitem>
604
<listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">Fix Released:</emphasis> For
605
upstream projects this means that a release tarball was announced
606
and is publicly available. For package maintainers this means
607
that a fix was uploaded. Please don't be hesitant to add a
608
changelog as a comment, so people know which changes affect
609
their bug(s).</para></listitem>
615
<title>Managing Severity</title>
617
<para>Ubuntu uses the following guidelines for assigning severity:</para>
621
<listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">Wishlist:</emphasis> a request to
622
add a new feature to one of the programs in Ubuntu. Use this for
623
bugs which aren't really bugs but ideas for new features which do
624
not yet exist.</para></listitem>
626
<listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">Minor:</emphasis> bugs that affect
627
functionality, but to a lesser extent than most
628
bugs</para></listitem>
630
<listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">Normal:</emphasis> a functionality
631
bug of the standard variety. Most bugs are of "Normal"
632
severity.</para></listitem>
634
<listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">Major:</emphasis> a bug that has a
635
severe impact on a small portion of Ubuntu users (estimated) or
636
has a moderate impact on a large portion of Ubuntu users
637
(estimated)</para></listitem>
639
<listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">Critical:</emphasis> a bug which has
640
a severe impact on a large portion of Ubuntu
641
users</para></listitem>
648
<title>Target Milestone</title>
650
<para>Не меняйте значение этого поля до тех пор пока специально не проинструктированы разработчиком. Ообенно НЕ используйте это поля для записи релиз Ubuntu в котором была найдена ошибка: это не его предназначение! Оно используется выпускающей командой если существует необходимость обратится к ошибке в специфическом релизе.</para>
added
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generic/packagingguide/ru/bugs.xml
