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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../../libs/global.ent">
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<!-- NAMES --><!ENTITY canonical-name "Canonical Ltd.">
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<!ENTITY project-name "Ubuntu Documentation Project">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>">
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<!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY distro-version "Dapper Drake">
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<!ENTITY distro-rev "6.06 LTS">
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<!ENTITY distro-release-date "June 2006">
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<!ENTITY linux-kernel-version "2.6.15">
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<!ENTITY gcc-version "4.0.3">
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<!ENTITY glibc-version "2.3.6">
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<!ENTITY python-version "2.4.3">
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<!-- AUTHORS --><!ENTITY author-ubuntu-documentation-project SYSTEM "../common/authors/ubuntu-documentation-project.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-christoph-haas SYSTEM "../common/authors/christoph-haas.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-alexander-poslavsky SYSTEM "../common/authors/alexander-poslavsky.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-alan-hood SYSTEM "../common/authors/alan-hood.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-johnathon-hornbeck SYSTEM "../common/authors/johnathon-hornbeck.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-nick-loeve SYSTEM "../common/authors/nick-loeve.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-gordon-ingram SYSTEM "../common/authors/gordon-ingram.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-sean-wheller SYSTEM "../common/authors/sean-wheller.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-enrico-zini SYSTEM "../common/authors/enrico-zini.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-kevin-muligan SYSTEM "../common/authors/kevin-muligan.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-ari-torhamo SYSTEM "../common/authors/ari-torhamo.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-jeff-schering SYSTEM "../common/authors/jeff-schering.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-corey-burger SYSTEM "../common/authors/corey-burger.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-niel-tallim SYSTEM "../common/authors/niel-tallim.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-henry-meyerding SYSTEM "../common/authors/henry-meyerding.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-matthew-east SYSTEM "../common/authors/matthew-east.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-jerome-gotangco SYSTEM "../common/authors/jerome-gotangco.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-johnathan-jesse SYSTEM "../common/authors/johnathan-jesse.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-greg-taylor SYSTEM "../common/authors/greg-taylor.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-troy-williams SYSTEM "../common/authors/troy-williams.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-matt-galvin SYSTEM "../common/authors/matt-galvin.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-robert-stoffers SYSTEM "../common/authors/robert-stoffers.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-jordan-mantha SYSTEM "../common/authors/jordan-mantha.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-venkat-raghavan SYSTEM "../common/authors/venkat-raghavan.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-brian-burger SYSTEM "../common/authors/brian-burger.xml">
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<!ENTITY author-rocco-stanzione SYSTEM "../common/authors/rocco-stanzione.xml">
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<!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM "../common/C/glossary.xml">
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<!-- LEGAL URLs --><!ENTITY gpl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc "http://creativecommons.org/">
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<!ENTITY cc-attrib '<ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-fulldeed-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode/">
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<!ENTITY fdl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en">
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<!-- CANONICAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY canonical-url "http://www.canonical.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY ubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-dpkgfile "ubuntu5.10.tar">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-web "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-main "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-download "http://www.ubuntu.com/download">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-forums "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-components "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-wiki "http://wiki.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-irc "irc.freenode.net channel #ubuntu">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-bugzilla "https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-bugs "https://launchpad.net/products/ubuntu-doc/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-paidsupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/supportoptions/paidsupport">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-freesupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/supportoptions/freesupport">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-comments "http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=21787">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation "http://help.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation-repos "https://docteam.ubuntu.com/repos/trunk">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-team "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-list "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-doc">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-shipit "http://shipit.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-launchpad "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-rosetta "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com/rosetta">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-planet "http://planet.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-philosophy "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-participate "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate/">
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<!-- UBUNTU WIKI RESOURCES --><!ENTITY wiki-UserDocumentation "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY restricted-formats "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RestrictedFormats "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-XChatHowto "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/XChatHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RootSudo "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RootSudo">
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<!ENTITY wiki-HowToGetHelp "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HowToGetHelp">
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<!ENTITY transcode "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DVDRippingandEncoding">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Wine "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Wine">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Cedega "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Cedega">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Nano "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/NanoHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-locoteams "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeamList">
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<!ENTITY wiki-BasicCommands "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BasicCommands">
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<!ENTITY wiki-filepermissions "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/FilePermissions">
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<!-- KUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY kubuntu-web "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-main "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-download "http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com/breezy/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-cdpackages-nodefault "http://people.ubuntu.com/~cjwatson/seeds/kubuntu-breezy/ship">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-users "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-devel "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-devel/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-mirrors "http://distrowatch.com/kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-forums "http://ubuntuforums.org/forumdisplay.php?f=68">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-forums2 "http://kubuntuforums.net">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki "http://www.ubuntu.com/wiki/Kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-irc "irc.freenode.net channel kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-documentation-site "http://www.kubuntu.org/documentation.php">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki-UserDocumentation "https://wiki.kubuntu.com/UserDocumentation">
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<!-- XUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY xubuntu-irc "irc.freenode.net channel xubuntu">
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<!-- DEBIAN RESOURCES --><!ENTITY debian-apt "http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">
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<!-- EXTERNAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY linmodem "http://www.linmodems.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnome "http://www.gnome.org/">
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<!ENTITY linuxorg "http://www.linux.org/">
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<!ENTITY ooo "http://www.openoffice.org/">
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<!ENTITY kde "http://www.kde.org/">
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<!ENTITY lugww "http://lugww.counter.li.org/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-watch "http://distrowatch.com/ubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY realplayer-download "http://www.real.com/linux/">
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<!ENTITY nvu-download "http://www.nvu.com/download.html">
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<!ENTITY sunjava-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY xorg "http://www.x.org">
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<!ENTITY dyndns "http://www.dyndns.org">
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<!ENTITY shoutcast "http://www.shoutcast.com/">
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<!ENTITY freedomtoaster "http://www.freedomtoaster.org/">
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<!-- ubuntu-screenshots TODO --><!ENTITY kubuntu-screenshots "http://shots.osdir.com/slideshows/slideshow.php?release=306&slide=1">
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<!ENTITY mozilla "http://www.mozilla.org/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla-firefox "http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">
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<!ENTITY gnu "http://www.gnu.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnu-philosophy "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">
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<!ENTITY win4lin "http://www.win4lin.com">
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<!ENTITY codeweavers "http://www.codeweavers.com">
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<!ENTITY kernel "http://www.kernel.org">
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<!ENTITY google "http://www.google.com">
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<!ENTITY kdelook " http://www.kde-look.org">
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<!ENTITY lulu-store "http://www.lulu.com/ubuntu-doc">
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<!-- this entity controls the url for addons--><!ENTITY java-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY skype-deb "skype_1.2.0.17-1_i386.deb">
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<!ENTITY skype-download "http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-gz "scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-url "http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/packages/scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY ext2fs-url "http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html">
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<!ENTITY mvb-tar "mvb_1.6.tgz">
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<!ENTITY mvb-url "http://www.xscd.com/pub/mvb/&mvb-tar;">
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<!-- TLDP --><!ENTITY ldp-pre-install-check "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Pre-Installation-Checklist/">
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<!-- LANGUAGES (sorted by two letter code)--><!ENTITY Afar "aa">
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<!ENTITY Abkhazian "ab">
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<!ENTITY Afrikaans "af">
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<!ENTITY Amharic "af">
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<!ENTITY Arabic "ar">
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<!ENTITY Assamese "as">
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<!ENTITY Aymara "ay">
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<!ENTITY Azerbaijani "az">
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<!ENTITY Bashkir "ba">
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<!ENTITY Byelorussian "be">
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<!ENTITY Bulgarian "bg">
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<!ENTITY Bihari "bh">
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<!ENTITY Bislama "bi">
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<!ENTITY Bangla "bn">
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<!ENTITY Bengali "bn">
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<!ENTITY Tibetan "bo">
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<!ENTITY Breton "br">
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<!ENTITY Catalan "ca">
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<!ENTITY Corsican "co">
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<!ENTITY Danish "da">
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<!ENTITY German "de">
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<!ENTITY Bhutani "dz">
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<!-- <!ENTITY EnglishAmerican 'en'> --><!ENTITY EnglishAmerican "C">
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<!ENTITY Esperanto "eo">
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<!ENTITY Spanish "es">
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<!ENTITY Estonian "et">
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<!ENTITY Basque "eu">
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<!ENTITY Persian "fa">
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<!ENTITY Finnish "fi">
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<!ENTITY Faeroese "fo">
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<!ENTITY French "fr">
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<!ENTITY Frisian "fy">
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<!ENTITY Gaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY ScotsGaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY Galician "gl">
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<!ENTITY Guarani "gn">
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<!ENTITY Gujarati "gu">
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<!ENTITY Croatian "hr">
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<!ENTITY Hungarian "hu">
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<!ENTITY Armenian "hy">
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<!ENTITY Interlingua "ia">
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<!ENTITY Interlingue "ie">
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<!ENTITY Inupiak "ik">
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<!ENTITY Indonesian "in">
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<!ENTITY Icelandic "is">
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<!ENTITY Italian "it">
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<!ENTITY Hebrew "iw">
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<!ENTITY Japanese "ja">
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<!ENTITY Yiddish "ji">
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<!ENTITY Javanese "jw">
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<!ENTITY Georgian "ka">
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<!ENTITY Kazakh "kk">
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<!ENTITY Greenlandic "kl">
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<!ENTITY Cambodian "km">
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<!ENTITY Kannada "kn">
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<!ENTITY Korean "ko">
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<!ENTITY Kashmiri "ks">
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<!ENTITY Kurdish "ku">
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<!ENTITY Kirghiz "ky">
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<!ENTITY Lingala "ln">
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<!ENTITY Laothian "lo">
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<!ENTITY Lithuanian "lt">
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<!ENTITY Latvian "lv">
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<!ENTITY Lettish "lv">
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<!ENTITY Malagasy "mg">
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<!ENTITY Macedonian "mk">
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<!ENTITY Malayalam "ml">
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<!ENTITY Mongolian "mn">
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<!ENTITY Moldavian "mo">
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<!ENTITY Marathi "mr">
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<!ENTITY Maltese "mt">
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<!ENTITY Burmese "my">
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<!ENTITY Nepali "ne">
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<!ENTITY Norwegian "no">
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<!ENTITY Occitan "oc">
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<!ENTITY Punjabi "pa">
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<!ENTITY Polish "pl">
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<!ENTITY Pushto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Pashto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Portuguese "pt">
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<!ENTITY Quechua "qu">
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<!ENTITY Rhaeto-Romance "rm">
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<!ENTITY Kirundi "rn">
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<!ENTITY Romanian "ro">
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<!ENTITY Russian "ru">
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<!ENTITY Kinyarwanda "rw">
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<!ENTITY Sanskrit "sa">
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<!ENTITY Sindhi "sd">
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<!ENTITY Sangro "sg">
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<!ENTITY Serbo-Croatian "sh">
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<!ENTITY Singhalese "si">
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<!ENTITY Slovak "sk">
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<!ENTITY Slovenian "sl">
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<!ENTITY Samoan "sm">
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<!ENTITY Somali "so">
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<!ENTITY Albanian "sq">
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<!ENTITY Serbian "sr">
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<!ENTITY Siswati "ss">
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<!ENTITY Sesotho "st">
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<!ENTITY Sudanese "su">
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<!ENTITY Swedish "sv">
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<!ENTITY Swahili "sw">
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<!ENTITY Tegulu "te">
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<!ENTITY Tigrinya "ti">
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<!ENTITY Turkmen "tk">
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<!ENTITY Tagalog "tl">
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<!ENTITY Setswana "tn">
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<!ENTITY Turkish "tr">
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<!ENTITY Tsonga "ts">
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<!ENTITY Ukrainian "uk">
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<!ENTITY Vietnamese "vi">
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<!ENTITY Volapuk "vo">
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<!ENTITY Yoruba "yo">
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<!ENTITY Chinese "zh">
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<!ENTITY % cdo-C SYSTEM "../../../libs/cdo-C.ent">
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<!-- COMMON DOC OBJECTS --><!ENTITY copyright SYSTEM "../common/C/copyright.xml">
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<!ENTITY conventions SYSTEM "../common/C/conventions.xml">
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<!ENTITY feedback SYSTEM "../common/C/feedback.xml">
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<!ENTITY publisher SYSTEM "../common/C/publisher.xml">
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<!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../common/C/legalnotice.xml">
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<!ENTITY disclaimer SYSTEM "../common/C/disclaimer.xml">
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<!ENTITY inline-ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/inlinemediaobject-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY inline-ubuntu-icon-header SYSTEM "../common/C/inlinemediaobject-ubuntu-icon-header.xml">
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<!ENTITY relative-ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/mediaobject-relative-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/mediaobject-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY gpl SYSTEM "../common/C/gpl.xml">
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<!ENTITY fdl SYSTEM "../common/C/fdl.xml">
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<!ENTITY cc-by-sa SYSTEM "../common/C/ccbysa.xml">
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<!ENTITY % kde SYSTEM "../../libs/kde.ent">
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<!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY kuserguide-rev "Dapper Drake">
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<!ENTITY kquickguide-rev "Dapper Drake">
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<!ENTITY kadminguide-rev "Dapper Drake">
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<!ENTITY kde-version "3.5.2">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-support "http://kubuntu.org/support.php">
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<!ENTITY adept "Adept">
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<!ENTITY appshort "<application>Adept</application>">
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<!ENTITY different-user "kdesu">
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<!ENTITY % kde-general SYSTEM "/usr/share/apps/ksgmltools2/customization/obsolete/general.entities">
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KDE general entities for DocBook as used in the KDE documentation
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Copyright (C) 2002 Frederik Fouvry
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This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
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as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
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of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
314
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
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Send suggestions, comments, etc. to the KDE docbook list
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<kde-docbook@kde.org>.
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Refer to this file as
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"-//KDE//ENTITIES DocBook XML General Entity Declarations V1.1//EN"
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This file contains what dbgenent.mod should contain and is read
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after all other files just like dbgenent.mod should be.
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--><!-- ============================================================= --><!-- Extensions to the DocBook DTD --><!-- ============================================================= --><!-- E.g. KDE specific entities (see also dbgenent.mod for this) --><!-- Legal texts we put in a specific place
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so that we don't need to cut'n'paste them to every doc
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--><!ENTITY GPL-html PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU General Public License V2 (HTML)//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html" NDATA SGML>
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<!ENTITY GPL PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU General Public License V2//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html" NDATA linespecific>
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<!ENTITY GPLNotice PUBLIC "-//KDE//DOCUMENT GNU General Public License Notice//EN" "../en/entities/gpl-notice.docbook">
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<!-- meant for inclusion, so no [CN]DATA SGML (why?) --><!ENTITY LGPL-html PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Lesser General Public License V2.1 (HTML)//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html" NDATA SGML>
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<!ENTITY LGPL PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Lesser General Public License V2.1//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html" NDATA linespecific>
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<!ENTITY LGPLNotice PUBLIC "-//KDE//DOCUMENT GNU Lesser General Public License Notice//EN" "../en/entities/lgpl-notice.docbook">
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<!-- meant for inclusion, so no [CN]DATA SGML --><!ENTITY FDL-html PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Free Documentation License V1.1 (HTML)//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html" NDATA SGML>
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<!ENTITY FDL PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Free Documentation License V1.1//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html" NDATA linespecific>
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<!-- FDLNotice is defined in lang.entities (why?) --><!-- KDE index generation
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Set addindex to IGNORE to stop index generation
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Indices are generated on the fly, so no intermediate file is needed
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--><!ENTITY % addindex "INCLUDE">
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<!ENTITY documentation.index "<index></index>">
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<!--ENTITY kapp "(Oops - someone forgot to fill in the application name here)" --><!-- Entities to fill in slots in docbook version of FDL notice --><!ENTITY % FDLIS "IGNORE">
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<!ENTITY % FDLFCT "IGNORE">
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<!ENTITY % FDLBCT "IGNORE">
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<!-- These are the language-independent entities. They can be (more
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or less) freely extended. Keep this list sorted and sensible.
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Make sure you always add full markup to the text.
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Naming policy: name the entity like you would see the text
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(inclusive case). KDE entities are always lowercased. Spaces
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are omitted. Examples: Qt (for "Qt"), RedHat (for "Red Hat"),
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kfloppy (for "KFloppy") . (Entity names cannot start with digits,
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in that case, use the written form for the first digit.)
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DO NOT JUST RENAME ENTITIES! That implies removal of an existing
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entity and that may change the validity of documents, which must
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not happen. Place the name you wish to remove in the list of
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obsolete entities (depending on the case, the expansion is
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redefined or kept as it was); the new name goes in the official list.
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A later version of the DTD (with another version number!) will
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effectively remove these entities. In that way, old documents
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remain valid, while new ones can only use the new declarations.
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--><!ENTITY AIX "<trademark class='registered'>AIX</trademark>">
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<!ENTITY aktion "<application>aKtion</application>">
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<!ENTITY amor "<application>AMOR</application>">
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<!ENTITY ark "<application>Ark</application>">
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<!ENTITY arts "<application>aRts</application>">
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<!ENTITY arts-builder "<application>aRts-builder</application>">
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<!ENTITY artscontrol "<application>artscontrol</application>">
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<!ENTITY artsd "<application>artsd</application>">
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<!ENTITY artsdsp "<application>artsdsp</application>">
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<!ENTITY artsserver "<application>artsserver</application>">
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<!ENTITY artsshell "<application>artsshell</application>">
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<!ENTITY artswrapper "<application>artswrapper</application>">
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<!ENTITY ATAPI "<acronym>ATAPI</acronym>">
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<!ENTITY atlantik "<application>Atlantik</application>">
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<!ENTITY brahms "<application>Brahms</application>">
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<!ENTITY catalogmanager "<application>Catalog Manager</application>">
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<!ENTITY CD "<acronym>CD</acronym>">
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<!ENTITY CDE "<acronym>CDE</acronym>">
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<!ENTITY CD-ROM "<acronym>CD-ROM</acronym>">
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<!ENTITY cervisia "<application>Cervisia</application>">
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<!ENTITY CSS "<trademark>CSS</trademark>">
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<!ENTITY CUPS "<acronym>CUPS</acronym>">
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<!ENTITY drkonqi "<application>DrKonqi</application>">
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<!ENTITY DCOP "<acronym>DCOP</acronym>">
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<!ENTITY DVI "<acronym>DVI</acronym>">
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<!ENTITY ELF "<acronym>ELF</acronym>">
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<!ENTITY Emacs "<application>Emacs</application>">
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<!ENTITY flashkard "<application>FlashKard</application>">
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<!ENTITY FTP "<acronym>FTP</acronym>">
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<!ENTITY gcc "<command>gcc</command>">
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<!ENTITY GIF "<acronym>GIF</acronym>">
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<!ENTITY GMT "<acronym>GMT</acronym>">
402
<!ENTITY GNU "<acronym>GNU</acronym>">
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<!ENTITY GUI "<acronym>GUI</acronym>">
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<!ENTITY Handspring "<trademark>Handspring</trademark>">
405
<!ENTITY Hewlett-Packard '<trademark class="registered">Hewlett-Packard</trademark>'>
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<!ENTITY HotSync '<trademark class="registered">HotSync</trademark>'>
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<!ENTITY HP '<trademark class="registered">HP</trademark>'>
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<!ENTITY HP-UX '<trademark class="registered">HP-UX</trademark>'>
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<!ENTITY HTTP "<acronym>HTTP</acronym>">
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<!ENTITY IRIX '<trademark class="registered">IRIX</trademark>'>
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<!ENTITY Java "<trademark>Java</trademark>">
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<!ENTITY Jini "<trademark>Jini</trademark>">
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<!ENTITY kab2 "<application>Kab2</application>">
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<!ENTITY kenolaba "<application>Kenolaba</application>">
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<!ENTITY kaboodle "<application>Kaboodle</application>">
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<!ENTITY kaddressbook "<application>KAddressBook</application>">
417
<!ENTITY kalarm "<application>KAlarm</application>">
418
<!ENTITY kalarmd "<application>KAlarmd</application>">
419
<!ENTITY kalzium "<application>Kalzium</application>">
420
<!ENTITY kamera "<application>Kamera</application>">
421
<!ENTITY kandy "<application>Kandy</application>">
422
<!ENTITY kappfinder "<application>Kappfinder</application>">
423
<!ENTITY kaphorism "<application>KAphorism</application>">
424
<!ENTITY karm "<application>KArm</application>">
425
<!ENTITY kasteroids "<application>KAsteroids</application>">
426
<!ENTITY kate "<application>Kate</application>">
427
<!ENTITY katomic "<application>KAtomic</application>">
428
<!ENTITY kbabel "<application>KBabel</application>">
429
<!ENTITY kbabeldict "<application>KBabelDict</application>">
430
<!ENTITY kbackgammon "<application>KBackgammon</application>">
431
<!ENTITY kbattleship "<application>KBattleship</application>">
432
<!ENTITY kbiff "<application>KBiff</application>">
433
<!ENTITY kblackbox "<application>KBlackbox</application>">
434
<!ENTITY kbounce "<application>KBounce</application>">
435
<!ENTITY kbugbuster "<application>kbugbuster</application>">
436
<!ENTITY kcalc "<application>KCalc</application>">
437
<!ENTITY kcharselect "<application>KCharSelect</application>">
438
<!ENTITY kchart "<application>KChart</application>">
439
<!ENTITY kchat "<application>KChat</application>">
440
<!ENTITY kcontrol "<application>KControl</application>">
441
<!ENTITY kcron "<application>KCron</application>">
442
<!ENTITY kdat "<application>KDat</application>">
443
<!ENTITY kdebugdialog "<application>KDebugDialog</application>">
444
<!ENTITY kde-http '<ulink url="http://www.kde.org/">http://www.kde.org/</ulink>'>
445
<!ENTITY kde-ftp '<ulink url="ftp://ftp.kde.org/pub/kde/">ftp://ftp.kde.org/pub/kde/</ulink>'>
446
<!ENTITY kdepasswd "<application>kdepasswd</application>">
447
<!ENTITY kdesktop "<application>KDesktop</application>">
448
<!ENTITY kdessh "<application>kdessh</application>">
449
<!ENTITY kdesu "<application>KDE su</application>">
450
<!ENTITY kdiskfree "<application>KDiskFree</application>">
451
<!ENTITY kdict "<application>KDict</application>">
452
<!ENTITY kdm "<application>kdm</application>">
453
<!ENTITY kdvi "<application>KDVI</application>">
454
<!ENTITY kedit "<application>KEdit</application>">
455
<!ENTITY keduca "<application>KEduca</application>">
456
<!ENTITY keystone "<application>Keystone</application>">
457
<!ENTITY kfax "<application>KFax</application>">
458
<!ENTITY kfaxview "<application>Kfaxview</application>">
459
<!ENTITY kfind "<application>KFind</application>">
460
<!ENTITY kfloppy "<application>Kfloppy</application>">
461
<!ENTITY kformula "<application>KFormula</application>">
462
<!ENTITY kfouleggs "<application>KFoulEggs</application>">
463
<!ENTITY kfract "<application>KFract</application>">
464
<!ENTITY khangman "<application>KHangMan</application>">
465
<!ENTITY kgeo "<application>KGeo</application>">
466
<!ENTITY kghostview "<application>KGhostView</application>">
467
<!ENTITY khelpcenter "<application>KHelpCenter</application>">
468
<!ENTITY khexedit "<application>KHexEdit</application>">
469
<!ENTITY kicker "<application>Kicker</application>">
470
<!ENTITY kiconedit "<application>KIconEdit</application>">
471
<!ENTITY kikbd "<application>kikbd</application>">
472
<!ENTITY kit "<application>Kit</application>">
473
<!ENTITY kiten "<application>Kiten</application>">
474
<!ENTITY kivio "<application>Kivio</application>">
475
<!ENTITY kjots "<application>KJots</application>">
476
<!ENTITY kjumpingcube "<application>KJumpingCube</application>">
477
<!ENTITY klaptop "<application>KLaptop</application>">
478
<!ENTITY klatin "<application>KLatin</application>">
479
<!ENTITY klettres "<application>KLettres</application>">
480
<!ENTITY kolorlines "<application>Kolor Lines</application>">
481
<!ENTITY klipper "<application>Klipper</application>">
482
<!ENTITY kljettool "<application>KLjettool</application>">
483
<!ENTITY klpq "<application>Klpq</application>">
484
<!ENTITY klprfax "<application>Klprfax</application>">
485
<!ENTITY kmahjongg "<application>KMahjongg</application>">
486
<!ENTITY kmail "<application>KMail</application>">
487
<!ENTITY kmathtool "<application>KMathTool</application>">
488
<!ENTITY kmenuedit "<application>kmenuedit</application>">
489
<!ENTITY kmessedwords "<application>KMessedWords</application>">
490
<!ENTITY kmid "<application>KMid</application>">
491
<!ENTITY kmidi "<application>KMidi</application>">
492
<!ENTITY kmines "<application>KMines</application>">
493
<!ENTITY kmix "<application>KMix</application>">
494
<!ENTITY kmplot "<application>KmPlot</application>">
495
<!ENTITY knewsticker "<application>KNewsTicker</application>">
496
<!ENTITY knode "<application>KNode</application>">
497
<!ENTITY knotes "<application>KNotes</application>">
498
<!ENTITY knorskverbs "<application>KNorskVerbs</application>">
499
<!ENTITY kodometer "<application>KOdometer</application>">
500
<!ENTITY koffice "<application>KOffice</application>">
501
<!ENTITY kolf "<application>Kolf</application>">
502
<!ENTITY kompare "<application>Kompare</application>">
503
<!ENTITY koncd "<application>KOnCD</application>">
504
<!ENTITY konqueror "<application>Konqueror</application>">
505
<!ENTITY konquest "<application>Konquest</application>">
506
<!ENTITY konsole "<application>Konsole</application>">
507
<!ENTITY kontour "<application>Kontour</application>">
508
<!ENTITY kooka "<application>Kooka</application>">
509
<!ENTITY korganizer "<application>KOrganizer</application>">
510
<!ENTITY korn "<application>KOrn</application>">
511
<!ENTITY koshell "<application>KOShell</application>">
512
<!ENTITY kotalkd "<application>KOTalkd</application>">
513
<!ENTITY kpackage "<application>KPackage</application>">
514
<!ENTITY kpager "<application>KPager</application>">
515
<!ENTITY kpaint "<application>KPaint</application>">
516
<!ENTITY kpanel "<application>KPanel</application>">
517
<!ENTITY kpatience "<application>KPatience</application>">
518
<!ENTITY kpercentage "<application>KPercentage</application>">
519
<!ENTITY kpilot "<application>KPilot</application>">
520
<!ENTITY kpf "<application>kpf</application>">
521
<!ENTITY kpm "<application>Kpm</application>">
522
<!ENTITY kpresenter "<application>KPresenter</application>">
523
<!ENTITY kpoker "<application>KPoker</application>">
524
<!ENTITY kpovmodeler "<application>KPovModeler</application>">
525
<!ENTITY kppp "<application>KPPP</application>">
526
<!ENTITY kreatecd "<application>KreateCD</application>">
527
<!ENTITY krec "<application>KRec</application>">
528
<!ENTITY kregexpeditor "<application>KRegExpEditor</application>">
529
<!ENTITY kreversi "<application>KReversi</application>">
530
<!ENTITY krita "<application>Krita</application>">
531
<!ENTITY kruler "<application>KRuler</application>">
532
<!ENTITY ksame "<application>KSame</application>">
533
<!ENTITY kscd "<application>KsCD</application>">
534
<!ENTITY kscore "<application>KScore</application>">
535
<!ENTITY kscreensaver "<application>KScreensaver</application>">
536
<!ENTITY ksgmltools "<application>ksgmltools</application>">
537
<!ENTITY kshisen "<application>KShisen</application>">
538
<!ENTITY ksim "<application>KSim</application>">
539
<!ENTITY ksirc "<application>KSirc</application>">
540
<!ENTITY ksirtet "<application>KSirtet</application>">
541
<!ENTITY ksmiletris "<application>KSmiletris</application>">
542
<!ENTITY ksnake "<application>KSnake</application>">
543
<!ENTITY ksnapshot "<application>KSnapshot</application>">
544
<!ENTITY ksokoban "<application>KSokoban</application>">
545
<!ENTITY kspaceduel "<application>KSpaceDuel</application>">
546
<!ENTITY kspell "<application>KSpell</application>">
547
<!ENTITY kspread "<application>KSpread</application>">
548
<!ENTITY kstars "<application>KStars</application>">
549
<!ENTITY kstart "<application>kstart</application>">
550
<!ENTITY ksysctrl "<application>KSysctrl</application>">
551
<!ENTITY ksysguard "<application>KSysguard</application>">
552
<!ENTITY ksysv "<application>KSysV</application>">
553
<!ENTITY ktalk "<application>KTalk</application>">
554
<!ENTITY ktalkd "<application>KTalkd</application>">
555
<!ENTITY kteatime "<application>KTeaTime</application>">
556
<!ENTITY kthesaurus "<application>KThesaurus</application>">
557
<!ENTITY ktimemon "<application>KTimemon</application>">
558
<!ENTITY ktimer "<application>KTimer</application>">
559
<!ENTITY ktip "<application>KTip</application>">
560
<!ENTITY ktouch "<application>KTouch</application>">
561
<!ENTITY ktron "<application>KTron</application>">
562
<!ENTITY ktuberling "<application>KTuberling</application>">
563
<!ENTITY kugar "<application>Kugar</application>">
564
<!ENTITY kuickshow "<application>KuickShow</application>">
565
<!ENTITY kuser "<application>KUser</application>">
566
<!ENTITY kview "<application>KView</application>">
567
<!ENTITY kviewshell "<application>KViewshell</application>">
568
<!ENTITY kvoctrain "<application>KVocTrain</application>">
569
<!ENTITY kworldclock "<application>KWorldClock</application>">
570
<!ENTITY kword "<application>KWord</application>">
571
<!ENTITY kwin "<application>KWin</application>">
572
<!ENTITY k4wins "<application>K Four Wins</application>">
573
<!ENTITY kwrite "<application>KWrite</application>">
574
<!ENTITY kwuftpd "<application>kwuftpd</application>">
575
<!ENTITY LaserJet '<trademark class="registered">LaserJet</trademark>'>
576
<!ENTITY lisa "<application>Lisa</application>">
577
<!ENTITY Linux '<trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark>'>
578
<!ENTITY Linux-Mandrake "<trademark>Linux-Mandrake</trademark>">
579
<!ENTITY LinuxPPC "<trademark>LinuxPPC</trademark>">
580
<!ENTITY lskat "<application>Lskat</application>">
581
<!ENTITY LZW "<acronym>LZW</acronym>">
582
<!ENTITY Mac '<trademark class="registered">Mac</trademark>'>
583
<!ENTITY MacOS '<trademark class="registered">Mac</trademark> <acronym>OS</acronym>'>
584
<!ENTITY Mandrake "<trademark>Mandrake</trademark>">
585
<!ENTITY megami "<application>Megami</application>">
586
<!ENTITY Microsoft '<trademark class="registered">Microsoft</trademark>'>
587
<!ENTITY MIDI "<acronym>MIDI</acronym>">
588
<!ENTITY MIME "<acronym>MIME</acronym>">
589
<!ENTITY moonphase "<application>Moon Phase</application>">
590
<!ENTITY Motif '<trademark class="registered">Motif</trademark>'>
591
<!ENTITY MRU "<acronym>MRU</acronym>">
592
<!ENTITY MTU "<acronym>MTU</acronym>">
593
<!ENTITY MusiXTeX "<application>MusiXTeX</application>">
594
<!ENTITY Netscape '<trademark class="registered">Netscape</trademark>'>
595
<!ENTITY NeXTSTEP "<trademark>NeXTSTEP</trademark>">
596
<!ENTITY noatun "<application>Noatun</application>">
597
<!ENTITY PalmOS '<trademark class="registered">Palm OS</trademark>'>
598
<!ENTITY PalmPilot "<productname><trademark>PalmPilot</trademark></productname>">
599
<!ENTITY PMX "<application>PMX</application>">
600
<!-- acronym too? --><!ENTITY PostScript '<trademark class="registered">PostScript</trademark>'>
601
<!ENTITY PPP "<acronym>PPP</acronym>">
602
<!ENTITY quanta "<application>Quanta</application>">
603
<!ENTITY quantaplus "<application>Quanta Plus</application>">
604
<!ENTITY Qt "<trademark>Qt</trademark>">
605
<!ENTITY RedHat '<trademark class="registered">Red Hat</trademark>'>
606
<!ENTITY reslisa "<application>ResLisa</application>">
607
<!ENTITY Sendmail '<application><trademark class="registered">sendmail</trademark></application>'>
608
<!ENTITY SMTP "<acronym>SMTP</acronym>">
609
<!ENTITY SGI "<trademark>SGI</trademark>">
610
<!ENTITY Solaris "<trademark>Solaris</trademark>">
611
<!ENTITY SuSE '<acronym><trademark class="registered">SuSE</trademark></acronym>'>
612
<!ENTITY ThreeCom '<trademark class="registered">3Com</trademark>'>
613
<!ENTITY tkmidi "<application>tkmidi</application>">
614
<!ENTITY TrueType '<trademark class="registered">TrueType</trademark>'>
615
<!ENTITY UNIX '<trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark>'>
616
<!ENTITY URL "<acronym>URL</acronym>">
617
<!ENTITY URI "<acronym>URI</acronym>">
618
<!ENTITY Visor "<trademark>Visor</trademark>">
619
<!ENTITY windowmaker "<application>Window Maker</application>">
620
<!ENTITY Windows '<trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark>'>
621
<!ENTITY WordNet '<trademark class="registered">WordNet</trademark>'>
622
<!ENTITY Wordperfect '<application><trademark class="registered">WordPerfect</trademark></application>'>
623
<!ENTITY X-Server "<application>X-Server</application>">
624
<!ENTITY XEmacs "<application>XEmacs</application>">
625
<!ENTITY X-Window '<trademark class="registered">X Window System</trademark>'>
626
<!ENTITY XHTML "<trademark>XHTML</trademark>">
627
<!ENTITY XML "<trademark>XML</trademark>">
628
<!ENTITY XSL "<trademark>XSL</trademark>">
629
<!-- Defaults, do NOT add anything to this without checking with the docbook
630
team. --><!ENTITY package "This application isn't part of a KDE package">
631
<!-- Obsolete entities --><!-- Put them here; they will be removed at some stage --><!ENTITY artsbuilder "<application>aRts-builder</application>">
632
<!ENTITY kdf "<application>KDiskFree</application>">
633
<!ENTITY klaptopdaemon "<application>KLaptop</application>">
634
<!ENTITY klines "<application>Kolor Lines</application>">
635
<!ENTITY kmoon "<application>Moon Phase</application>">
636
<!ENTITY kodo "<application>KOdometer</application>">
637
<!ENTITY kpat "<application>KPatience</application>">
638
<!ENTITY kwin4 "<application>K Four Wins</application>">
639
<!ENTITY % xinclude SYSTEM "../../../libs/xinclude.mod">
640
<!ELEMENT xi:include (xi:fallback)?>
641
<!ATTLIST xi:include xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
642
<!ATTLIST xi:include href CDATA #REQUIRED>
643
<!ATTLIST xi:include parse (xml | text) "xml">
644
<!ATTLIST xi:include xpointer CDATA #IMPLIED>
645
<!ATTLIST xi:include encoding CDATA #IMPLIED>
646
<!ATTLIST xi:include accept CDATA #IMPLIED>
647
<!ATTLIST xi:include accept-charset CDATA #IMPLIED>
648
<!ATTLIST xi:include accept-language CDATA #IMPLIED>
649
<!ELEMENT xi:fallback ANY>
650
<!ATTLIST xi:fallback xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
651
<!ENTITY % local.preface.class "| xi:include">
652
<!ENTITY % local.part.class "| xi:include">
653
<!ENTITY % local.chapter.class "| xi:include">
654
<!ENTITY % local.divcomponent.mix "| xi:include">
655
<!ENTITY % local.para.char.mix "| xi:include">
656
<!ENTITY % local.info.class "| xi:include">
657
<!ENTITY % local.common.attrib "xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude'">
658
<!ENTITY language "en">
660
<chapter id="add-applications" status="review">
661
<title>Adding, Removing and Updating Applications</title>
663
This chapter is a complete guide to adding, removing and updating
664
applications on a Kubuntu system.
666
<sect1 id="introduction-to-add-applications" status="writing">
667
<title>Einleitung</title>
669
There are several ways to manage your applications in Kubuntu. In
670
order to add or remove applications you need to use a
671
<emphasis>package manager</emphasis>. The following package
672
managers are described in this chapter:
677
<application>Add/Remove Programs</application> - this is
678
the simplest way to manage programs.
683
<application>Adept</application> - this graphical program
684
provides an advanced way of managing programs;
689
<application>APT</application> - this is a powerful
690
command line program to manage programs.
695
You may also wish to increase the number of programs available to
696
install through your package managers.
697
Not all the programs that exist for Kubuntu are available by
698
default. You may have to add extra repositories in order to make
699
them available: that is also described in this chapter.
702
Finally, this chapter explains how to update your system.
706
You can only have one package management application
707
running at a time. For example, if you are running
708
<application>Add/Remove Programs</application> and try to
709
launch <application>Adept</application>, it will fail with
710
an error. Close the running application before you
711
relaunch the new one.
716
<sect1 id="kde-app-install" status="review">
717
<title>Add/Remove Programs</title>
718
<para><application>Add/Remove Programs</application> is a simple
719
graphical way of installing and removing applications in
720
Kubuntu. To launch <application>Add/Remove
721
Programs</application>, choose
723
<guimenu>K Menu</guimenu>
724
<guimenuitem>Add/Remove Programs</guimenuitem>
725
</menuchoice> from the desktop menu system.
728
<para>Running <application>Add/Remove Programs</application> requires administrative privileges (see <xref linkend="root-and-sudo"/>).
731
<para>To install new applications select the category on the left,
732
then check the box of the applications you want to install.
733
Click <guimenu>Apply</guimenu> and your chosen
734
programs will be downloaded and installed automatically, as
735
well as installing any additional applications that are
736
required. The default selection is restricted to the KDE
737
suite, but GNOME applications can be installed by selecting
738
them from the dropdown menu at the top.
742
Alternatively, if you know the name of the program you want, use the <guibutton>Search</guibutton> tool at the top.
745
Software from additional repositories may be installed by
746
enabling the Show: <emphasis>unsupported</emphasis> and Show:
747
<emphasis>proprietary software</emphasis> checkboxes <emphasis role="bold"> if
748
they are enabled</emphasis> in your repository list. For more
749
information, see see <xref linkend="extra-repositories"/>
752
<sect1 id="adept" status="complete">
753
<title>Adept Package Manager</title>
755
<application>Adept</application> is a graphical frontend to the
756
<application>APT</application> package management system for the K
757
Desktop Environment (KDE). <application>Adept</application> provides an easy-to-use
758
interface with which users can perform software management
760
<para><application>Adept</application> can be started from the K menu system or the command line. In order to
761
start <application>Adept</application>, you will be required to provide your password.</para>
762
<para>To start <application>Adept</application> from the menu system select <menuchoice>
763
<guimenu>K Menu</guimenu>
764
<guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu>
765
<guimenuitem>Adept (Package Manager)</guimenuitem>
766
</menuchoice>. </para>
767
<para>To start <application>Adept</application> from the command line:</para>
768
<programlisting>kdesu adept </programlisting>
769
<para>Both methods require that you enter your password. This will run <application>Adept</application> with
770
root privileges which will be required in order to perform the requested operations. It
771
is therefore advised that you use <application>Adept</application> with caution since improper usage could
772
lead to the removal, deletion, or corruption of software packages that are required to
773
preserve system integrity.</para>
775
For more help with using <application>Adept</application>, please refer to the <ulink url="help:/adept/index.html">Adept Handbook</ulink>.
778
<sect1 id="apt-get" status="complete">
780
<para><application>APT</application> (Advanced Packaging Tool) is a powerful package management system, on which the graphical programs <application>Add/Remove Programs</application> and <application>Adept</application> are based. <application>APT</application> automatically handles dependencies and performs other operations on system packages to allow the installation of the desired packages.</para>
782
<para>Running <application>APT</application> requires administrative privileges (see <xref linkend="root-and-sudo"/>).
786
<para>Some common commands that can be used with <application>APT</application>:</para>
789
<para>Install packages:
790
<screen>sudo apt-get install <emphasis>packagename</emphasis></screen>
794
<para>Remove packages:
795
<screen>sudo apt-get remove <emphasis>packagename</emphasis></screen>
799
<para>Search for packages:
800
<screen>apt-cache search <emphasis>keyword</emphasis></screen>
804
<para>Retrieve new lists of available packages:
805
<screen>sudo apt-get update</screen>
809
<para>Upgrade system with available updates:
810
<screen>sudo apt-get dist-upgrade</screen>
814
<para>List further commands and options:
815
<screen>apt-get help</screen>
820
<para>For further information about the use of <application>APT</application>, you can read the comprehensive <ulink url="http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">Debian APT User Manual</ulink>.
824
<sect1 id="manual-install" status="complete">
825
<title>Manual Installation</title>
827
Although the preferred method of installing programs is via the
828
package managers described in <xref linkend="add-applications"/>,
829
you can also download and install individual package files
830
containing software. There are many different kinds of Linux
831
package files. Most of these are associated with the package
832
managers of specific Linux distributions.
836
If you find a packaged application that you wish to install, it is
837
recommended that you check if there is a native Kubuntu package of
838
the application available through a package manager, and that you
839
install that version instead. This guarantees that the program is
840
completely compatible with your system. If there is no package
841
available through the package manager, you can install it
842
manually. The installation procedure depends on the type of
845
<sect2 id="install-deb" status="complete">
846
<title>Install/Uninstall .deb files</title>
848
The package files associated with Kubuntu have the
849
<emphasis>.deb</emphasis> suffix because of Kubuntu's close
850
relation to the Debian GNU/Linux distribution. You can
851
download and install individual <emphasis>.deb</emphasis>
852
files. You will need administrative privileges to do this (see
853
<xref linkend="root-and-sudo"/>).
858
To install a .deb file, simply <mousebutton>Right</mousebutton> click on the .deb file, and choose
860
<guimenu>Kubuntu Package Menu</guimenu>
861
<guimenuitem>Install Package</guimenuitem>
866
<para>Alternatively, you can also install a .deb file by opening a terminal and typing:</para>
867
<screen>sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb</screen>
870
<para>To uninstall a .deb file, remove it using <application>Adept</application>, or type:</para>
871
<screen>sudo apt-get remove package_name</screen>
875
<sect2 id="alien" status="complete">
876
<title>Convert .rpm files to .deb files</title>
878
Another type of package files is Red Hat Package
879
Manager Files which have the <emphasis>.rpm</emphasis>
880
suffix. It is not recommended to install these on an
881
Kubuntu system. In almost all cases, a native Kubuntu
882
<emphasis>.deb</emphasis> package is available.
883
However, if absolutely necessary, an
884
<emphasis>.rpm</emphasis> file can be converted to a
885
<emphasis>.deb</emphasis> package using the program
886
<application>alien</application>.
891
Install the <application>alien</application> program
892
(<xref linkend="add-applications"/>).
897
Run the following command in a terminal, with
898
administrative privileges:
900
<screen>sudo alien package_file.rpm</screen>
904
<sect2 id="tarballs" status="complete">
905
<title>Install from Source</title>
906
<para> Files with the <emphasis>.tar.gz</emphasis> or
907
<emphasis>.tar.bz2</emphasis> suffix are package files known
908
as <emphasis>tarballs</emphasis> or
909
<emphasis>source</emphasis> packages which are widely used in
910
Linux. If there is no native Kubuntu package available in any
911
of the Kubuntu repositories, you can try to compile the
912
package from source. For tips on compiling software, look at
913
the <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilingSoftware">Compiling
914
Software</ulink> page on the Ubuntu Wiki. </para>
917
<sect1 id="extra-repositories" status="complete">
918
<title>Managing Repositories</title>
919
<sect2 status="complete"><title>What are Repositories?</title>
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There are thousands of programs freely available to install on
922
Kubuntu. These programs are stored in software archives
923
(<emphasis>repositories</emphasis>) and are made available for installation over the Internet. This makes it
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very easy to install new programs in Linux, and it is also
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very secure, because each program you install is built
926
specially for Kubuntu and checked before it is installed. To
927
organize the software, Kubuntu repositories are categorized
928
into four groups: <emphasis>Main</emphasis>,
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<emphasis>Restricted</emphasis>,
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<emphasis>Universe</emphasis>, and
931
<emphasis>Multiverse</emphasis>.
934
The rationale used to determine which software goes into which
935
category is based on two factors:
939
<para>The level of support software development teams provide for a program</para>
942
<para>The level of compliance the program has to the <ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">Free Software Philosophy</ulink></para>
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You can find more information about the Repositories available
947
on the <ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">
948
Ubuntu website</ulink>.
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The standard Kubuntu Install CD contains some software from
952
the <emphasis>Main</emphasis> and
953
<emphasis>Restricted</emphasis> categories. Once your system
954
is made aware of the Internet-based locations for these
955
repositories, many more programs are made available
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for installation. Using the software package management tools
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already installed on your system, you can search for, install
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and update any piece of software directly over the Internet,
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without the need for the CD.
962
<sect2 status="complete"><title>Removing the CD-ROM Repository</title>
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<para>The Kubuntu Install CD-ROM is included in the repositories after installation. This can cause <application>Adept</application> to ask for the CD-ROM when installing packages. It is possible to disable this repository so that <application>Adept</application> relies solely on the internet repositories.</para>
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<para>To disable the CD-ROM repository:</para>
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<para>Start <application>Adept</application> by choosing
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<guimenu>K Menu</guimenu>
970
<guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Adept (Package Manager)</guimenuitem>
973
from the Desktop menu system.
979
<guimenu>View</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Manage Repositories</guimenuitem>
982
in the <application>Adept</application> package manager window.
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<para>Find the repository line that starts with "cdrom:", <mousebutton>right</mousebutton> click the line, and select <guimenuitem>Disable</guimenuitem>.
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<para>Click <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> to save your changes, and then exit using <guibutton>Close</guibutton>.
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<sect2 status="complete">
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<title>Adding Extra Repositories</title>
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<para>To enable the extra repositories:</para>
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<para>Start <application>Adept</application> by choosing
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<guimenu>K Menu</guimenu>
1003
<guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu>
1004
<guimenuitem>Adept (Package Manager)</guimenuitem>
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from the Desktop menu system.
1012
<guimenu>View</guimenu>
1013
<guimenuitem>Manage Repositories</guimenuitem>
1015
in the <application>Adept</application> package manager window.
1019
<para>To enable the <emphasis>Universe</emphasis> repository, find the repository line with the Universe Component, and <mousebutton>right</mousebutton> click the line and select <guimenuitem>Enable</guimenuitem>.
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<para>Adding this repository will mean that the majority of the Free Software universe will be available to install on your system. This software is supported by a carefully selected group of volunteers within the Kubuntu Community, but is not supported by the core Kubuntu development team and may not include security updates.</para>
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<para>To enable the <emphasis>Multiverse</emphasis> repository, find the repository lines (two of them) with the Universe Component, and click the word "universe". Edit the entry so that it reads "universe multiverse". <mousebutton>Right</mousebutton> click the line and select <guimenuitem>Enable</guimenuitem> to enable it if it is not already enabled.
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<para>Adding this repository will mean that software which has been classified as <emphasis>non-free</emphasis> will be available to install on your system. This software may not be permitted in some jurisdictions. When installing each package from this repository, you should verify that the laws of your country permit you to use it. Again, this software may not include security updates.</para>
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<step><para>Click <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> to save your changes, and then exit using <guibutton>Close</guibutton>.</para>
1037
<sect1 id="updates" status="complete">
1038
<title>Updates</title>
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<para>Sometimes the Kubuntu developers release feature and security updates for applications and packages within the Kubuntu system.
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<para>When these updates are available, Kubuntu will inform you with a red warning icon in the system tray. To update your system, click the red button, enter your password and click <guibutton>Fetch List of Updates</guibutton>.
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<para>The <application>Adept Updater</application> program will list the available updates: to download and install these updates click <guibutton>Apply Updates</guibutton>. Kubuntu will then download and install the available updates from the Internet.
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<para>When <application>Adept Updater</application> has finished updating your system, close the pop-up window by clicking the <guibutton>Quit</guibutton> button.
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<para>After installing some important updates, it may be necessary to restart your computer. If so, Kubuntu will inform you with a pop up and an icon in your system tray.
added
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kubuntu/desktopguide/de/add-applications.xml
