1
@c Copyright 2000-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2
@c This is part of the GAS manual.
3
@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
4
@c TI TMS320C54X description by Timothy Wall, twall@cygnus.com
8
@chapter TIC54X Dependent Features
11
@node Machine Dependencies
12
@chapter TIC54X Dependent Features
15
@cindex TIC54X support
17
* TIC54X-Opts:: Command-line Options
18
* TIC54X-Block:: Blocking
19
* TIC54X-Env:: Environment Settings
20
* TIC54X-Constants:: Constants Syntax
21
* TIC54X-Subsyms:: String Substitution
22
* TIC54X-Locals:: Local Label Syntax
23
* TIC54X-Builtins:: Builtin Assembler Math Functions
24
* TIC54X-Ext:: Extended Addressing Support
25
* TIC54X-Directives:: Directives
26
* TIC54X-Macros:: Macro Features
27
* TIC54X-MMRegs:: Memory-mapped Registers
28
* TIC54X-Syntax:: Syntax
34
@cindex options, TIC54X
35
@cindex TIC54X options
36
The TMS320C54X version of @code{@value{AS}} has a few machine-dependent options.
38
@cindex @samp{-mfar-mode} option, far-mode
39
@cindex @samp{-mf} option, far-mode
40
You can use the @samp{-mfar-mode} option to enable extended addressing mode.
41
All addresses will be assumed to be > 16 bits, and the appropriate
42
relocation types will be used. This option is equivalent to using the
43
@samp{.far_mode} directive in the assembly code. If you do not use the
44
@samp{-mfar-mode} option, all references will be assumed to be 16 bits.
45
This option may be abbreviated to @samp{-mf}.
47
@cindex @samp{-mcpu} option, cpu
48
You can use the @samp{-mcpu} option to specify a particular CPU.
49
This option is equivalent to using the @samp{.version} directive in the
50
assembly code. For recognized CPU codes, see
51
@xref{TIC54X-Directives,,@code{.version}}. The default CPU version is
54
@cindex @samp{-merrors-to-file} option, stderr redirect
55
@cindex @samp{-me} option, stderr redirect
56
You can use the @samp{-merrors-to-file} option to redirect error output
57
to a file (this provided for those deficient environments which don't
58
provide adequate output redirection). This option may be abbreviated to
63
A blocked section or memory block is guaranteed not to cross the blocking
64
boundary (usually a page, or 128 words) if it is smaller than the
65
blocking size, or to start on a page boundary if it is larger than the
69
@section Environment Settings
71
@cindex environment settings, TIC54X
72
@cindex @samp{A_DIR} environment variable, TIC54X
73
@cindex @samp{C54XDSP_DIR} environment variable, TIC54X
74
@samp{C54XDSP_DIR} and @samp{A_DIR} are semicolon-separated
75
paths which are added to the list of directories normally searched for
76
source and include files. @samp{C54XDSP_DIR} will override @samp{A_DIR}.
78
@node TIC54X-Constants
79
@section Constants Syntax
81
@cindex constants, TIC54X
82
The TIC54X version of @code{@value{AS}} allows the following additional
83
constant formats, using a suffix to indicate the radix:
85
@cindex binary constants, TIC54X
87
Binary @code{000000B, 011000b}
88
Octal @code{10Q, 224q}
89
Hexadecimal @code{45h, 0FH}
94
@section String Substitution
95
A subset of allowable symbols (which we'll call subsyms) may be assigned
96
arbitrary string values. This is roughly equivalent to C preprocessor
97
#define macros. When @code{@value{AS}} encounters one of these
98
symbols, the symbol is replaced in the input stream by its string value.
99
Subsym names @strong{must} begin with a letter.
101
Subsyms may be defined using the @code{.asg} and @code{.eval} directives
102
(@xref{TIC54X-Directives,,@code{.asg}},
103
@xref{TIC54X-Directives,,@code{.eval}}.
105
Expansion is recursive until a previously encountered symbol is seen, at
106
which point substitution stops.
108
In this example, x is replaced with SYM2; SYM2 is replaced with SYM1, and SYM1
109
is replaced with x. At this point, x has already been encountered
110
and the substitution stops.
116
add x,a ; final code assembled is "add x, a"
119
Macro parameters are converted to subsyms; a side effect of this is the normal
120
@code{@value{AS}} '\ARG' dereferencing syntax is unnecessary. Subsyms
121
defined within a macro will have global scope, unless the @code{.var}
122
directive is used to identify the subsym as a local macro variable
123
@pxref{TIC54X-Directives,,@code{.var}}.
125
Substitution may be forced in situations where replacement might be
126
ambiguous by placing colons on either side of the subsym. The following
134
When assembled becomes:
140
Smaller parts of the string assigned to a subsym may be accessed with
141
the following syntax:
144
@item @code{:@var{symbol}(@var{char_index}):}
145
Evaluates to a single-character string, the character at @var{char_index}.
146
@item @code{:@var{symbol}(@var{start},@var{length}):}
147
Evaluates to a substring of @var{symbol} beginning at @var{start} with
152
@section Local Labels
153
Local labels may be defined in two ways:
157
$N, where N is a decimal number between 0 and 9
159
LABEL?, where LABEL is any legal symbol name.
162
Local labels thus defined may be redefined or automatically generated.
163
The scope of a local label is based on when it may be undefined or reset.
164
This happens when one of the following situations is encountered:
168
.newblock directive @pxref{TIC54X-Directives,,@code{.newblock}}
170
The current section is changed (.sect, .text, or .data)
172
Entering or leaving an included file
174
The macro scope where the label was defined is exited
177
@node TIC54X-Builtins
178
@section Math Builtins
180
@cindex math builtins, TIC54X
181
@cindex TIC54X builtin math functions
182
@cindex builtin math functions, TIC54X
184
The following built-in functions may be used to generate a
185
floating-point value. All return a floating-point value except
186
@samp{$cvi}, @samp{$int}, and @samp{$sgn}, which return an integer
190
@cindex @code{$acos} math builtin, TIC54X
191
@item @code{$acos(@var{expr})}
192
Returns the floating point arccosine of @var{expr}.
194
@cindex @code{$asin} math builtin, TIC54X
195
@item @code{$asin(@var{expr})}
196
Returns the floating point arcsine of @var{expr}.
198
@cindex @code{$atan} math builtin, TIC54X
199
@item @code{$atan(@var{expr})}
200
Returns the floating point arctangent of @var{expr}.
202
@cindex @code{$atan2} math builtin, TIC54X
203
@item @code{$atan2(@var{expr1},@var{expr2})}
204
Returns the floating point arctangent of @var{expr1} / @var{expr2}.
206
@cindex @code{$ceil} math builtin, TIC54X
207
@item @code{$ceil(@var{expr})}
208
Returns the smallest integer not less than @var{expr} as floating point.
210
@cindex @code{$cosh} math builtin, TIC54X
211
@item @code{$cosh(@var{expr})}
212
Returns the floating point hyperbolic cosine of @var{expr}.
214
@cindex @code{$cos} math builtin, TIC54X
215
@item @code{$cos(@var{expr})}
216
Returns the floating point cosine of @var{expr}.
218
@cindex @code{$cvf} math builtin, TIC54X
219
@item @code{$cvf(@var{expr})}
220
Returns the integer value @var{expr} converted to floating-point.
222
@cindex @code{$cvi} math builtin, TIC54X
223
@item @code{$cvi(@var{expr})}
224
Returns the floating point value @var{expr} converted to integer.
226
@cindex @code{$exp} math builtin, TIC54X
227
@item @code{$exp(@var{expr})}
228
Returns the floating point value e ^ @var{expr}.
230
@cindex @code{$fabs} math builtin, TIC54X
231
@item @code{$fabs(@var{expr})}
232
Returns the floating point absolute value of @var{expr}.
234
@cindex @code{$floor} math builtin, TIC54X
235
@item @code{$floor(@var{expr})}
236
Returns the largest integer that is not greater than @var{expr} as
239
@cindex @code{$fmod} math builtin, TIC54X
240
@item @code{$fmod(@var{expr1},@var{expr2})}
241
Returns the floating point remainder of @var{expr1} / @var{expr2}.
243
@cindex @code{$int} math builtin, TIC54X
244
@item @code{$int(@var{expr})}
245
Returns 1 if @var{expr} evaluates to an integer, zero otherwise.
247
@cindex @code{$ldexp} math builtin, TIC54X
248
@item @code{$ldexp(@var{expr1},@var{expr2})}
249
Returns the floating point value @var{expr1} * 2 ^ @var{expr2}.
251
@cindex @code{$log10} math builtin, TIC54X
252
@item @code{$log10(@var{expr})}
253
Returns the base 10 logarithm of @var{expr}.
255
@cindex @code{$log} math builtin, TIC54X
256
@item @code{$log(@var{expr})}
257
Returns the natural logarithm of @var{expr}.
259
@cindex @code{$max} math builtin, TIC54X
260
@item @code{$max(@var{expr1},@var{expr2})}
261
Returns the floating point maximum of @var{expr1} and @var{expr2}.
263
@cindex @code{$min} math builtin, TIC54X
264
@item @code{$min(@var{expr1},@var{expr2})}
265
Returns the floating point minimum of @var{expr1} and @var{expr2}.
267
@cindex @code{$pow} math builtin, TIC54X
268
@item @code{$pow(@var{expr1},@var{expr2})}
269
Returns the floating point value @var{expr1} ^ @var{expr2}.
271
@cindex @code{$round} math builtin, TIC54X
272
@item @code{$round(@var{expr})}
273
Returns the nearest integer to @var{expr} as a floating point number.
275
@cindex @code{$sgn} math builtin, TIC54X
276
@item @code{$sgn(@var{expr})}
277
Returns -1, 0, or 1 based on the sign of @var{expr}.
279
@cindex @code{$sin} math builtin, TIC54X
280
@item @code{$sin(@var{expr})}
281
Returns the floating point sine of @var{expr}.
283
@cindex @code{$sinh} math builtin, TIC54X
284
@item @code{$sinh(@var{expr})}
285
Returns the floating point hyperbolic sine of @var{expr}.
287
@cindex @code{$sqrt} math builtin, TIC54X
288
@item @code{$sqrt(@var{expr})}
289
Returns the floating point square root of @var{expr}.
291
@cindex @code{$tan} math builtin, TIC54X
292
@item @code{$tan(@var{expr})}
293
Returns the floating point tangent of @var{expr}.
295
@cindex @code{$tanh} math builtin, TIC54X
296
@item @code{$tanh(@var{expr})}
297
Returns the floating point hyperbolic tangent of @var{expr}.
299
@cindex @code{$trunc} math builtin, TIC54X
300
@item @code{$trunc(@var{expr})}
301
Returns the integer value of @var{expr} truncated towards zero as
307
@section Extended Addressing
308
The @code{LDX} pseudo-op is provided for loading the extended addressing bits
309
of a label or address. For example, if an address @code{_label} resides
310
in extended program memory, the value of @code{_label} may be loaded as
313
ldx #_label,16,a ; loads extended bits of _label
314
or #_label,a ; loads lower 16 bits of _label
315
bacc a ; full address is in accumulator A
318
@node TIC54X-Directives
321
@cindex machine directives, TIC54X
322
@cindex TIC54X machine directives
326
@cindex @code{align} directive, TIC54X
327
@cindex @code{even} directive, TIC54X
328
@item .align [@var{size}]
330
Align the section program counter on the next boundary, based on
331
@var{size}. @var{size} may be any power of 2. @code{.even} is
332
equivalent to @code{.align} with a @var{size} of 2.
335
Align SPC to word boundary
337
Align SPC to longword boundary (same as .even)
339
Align SPC to page boundary
342
@cindex @code{asg} directive, TIC54X
343
@item .asg @var{string}, @var{name}
344
Assign @var{name} the string @var{string}. String replacement is
345
performed on @var{string} before assignment.
347
@cindex @code{eval} directive, TIC54X
348
@item .eval @var{string}, @var{name}
349
Evaluate the contents of string @var{string} and assign the result as a
350
string to the subsym @var{name}. String replacement is performed on
351
@var{string} before assignment.
353
@cindex @code{bss} directive, TIC54X
354
@item .bss @var{symbol}, @var{size} [, [@var{blocking_flag}] [,@var{alignment_flag}]]
355
Reserve space for @var{symbol} in the .bss section. @var{size} is in
356
words. If present, @var{blocking_flag} indicates the allocated space
357
should be aligned on a page boundary if it would otherwise cross a page
358
boundary. If present, @var{alignment_flag} causes the assembler to
359
allocate @var{size} on a long word boundary.
361
@cindex @code{byte} directive, TIC54X
362
@cindex @code{ubyte} directive, TIC54X
363
@cindex @code{char} directive, TIC54X
364
@cindex @code{uchar} directive, TIC54X
365
@item .byte @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
366
@itemx .ubyte @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
367
@itemx .char @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
368
@itemx .uchar @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
369
Place one or more bytes into consecutive words of the current section.
370
The upper 8 bits of each word is zero-filled. If a label is used, it
371
points to the word allocated for the first byte encountered.
373
@cindex @code{clink} directive, TIC54X
374
@item .clink ["@var{section_name}"]
375
Set STYP_CLINK flag for this section, which indicates to the linker that
376
if no symbols from this section are referenced, the section should not
377
be included in the link. If @var{section_name} is omitted, the current
380
@cindex @code{c_mode} directive, TIC54X
384
@cindex @code{copy} directive, TIC54X
385
@item .copy "@var{filename}" | @var{filename}
386
@itemx .include "@var{filename}" | @var{filename}
387
Read source statements from @var{filename}. The normal include search
388
path is used. Normally .copy will cause statements from the included
389
file to be printed in the assembly listing and .include will not, but
390
this distinction is not currently implemented.
392
@cindex @code{data} directive, TIC54X
394
Begin assembling code into the .data section.
396
@cindex @code{double} directive, TIC54X
397
@cindex @code{ldouble} directive, TIC54X
398
@cindex @code{float} directive, TIC54X
399
@cindex @code{xfloat} directive, TIC54X
400
@item .double @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
401
@itemx .ldouble @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
402
@itemx .float @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
403
@itemx .xfloat @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
404
Place an IEEE single-precision floating-point representation of one or
405
more floating-point values into the current section. All but
406
@code{.xfloat} align the result on a longword boundary. Values are
407
stored most-significant word first.
409
@cindex @code{drlist} directive, TIC54X
410
@cindex @code{drnolist} directive, TIC54X
413
Control printing of directives to the listing file. Ignored.
415
@cindex @code{emsg} directive, TIC54X
416
@cindex @code{mmsg} directive, TIC54X
417
@cindex @code{wmsg} directive, TIC54X
418
@item .emsg @var{string}
419
@itemx .mmsg @var{string}
420
@itemx .wmsg @var{string}
421
Emit a user-defined error, message, or warning, respectively.
423
@cindex @code{far_mode} directive, TIC54X
425
Use extended addressing when assembling statements. This should appear
426
only once per file, and is equivalent to the -mfar-mode option @pxref{TIC54X-Opts,,@code{-mfar-mode}}.
428
@cindex @code{fclist} directive, TIC54X
429
@cindex @code{fcnolist} directive, TIC54X
432
Control printing of false conditional blocks to the listing file.
434
@cindex @code{field} directive, TIC54X
435
@item .field @var{value} [,@var{size}]
436
Initialize a bitfield of @var{size} bits in the current section. If
437
@var{value} is relocatable, then @var{size} must be 16. @var{size}
438
defaults to 16 bits. If @var{value} does not fit into @var{size} bits,
439
the value will be truncated. Successive @code{.field} directives will
440
pack starting at the current word, filling the most significant bits
441
first, and aligning to the start of the next word if the field size does
442
not fit into the space remaining in the current word. A @code{.align}
443
directive with an operand of 1 will force the next @code{.field}
444
directive to begin packing into a new word. If a label is used, it
445
points to the word that contains the specified field.
447
@cindex @code{global} directive, TIC54X
448
@cindex @code{def} directive, TIC54X
449
@cindex @code{ref} directive, TIC54X
450
@item .global @var{symbol} [,...,@var{symbol_n}]
451
@itemx .def @var{symbol} [,...,@var{symbol_n}]
452
@itemx .ref @var{symbol} [,...,@var{symbol_n}]
453
@code{.def} nominally identifies a symbol defined in the current file
454
and available to other files. @code{.ref} identifies a symbol used in
455
the current file but defined elsewhere. Both map to the standard
456
@code{.global} directive.
458
@cindex @code{half} directive, TIC54X
459
@cindex @code{uhalf} directive, TIC54X
460
@cindex @code{short} directive, TIC54X
461
@cindex @code{ushort} directive, TIC54X
462
@cindex @code{int} directive, TIC54X
463
@cindex @code{uint} directive, TIC54X
464
@cindex @code{word} directive, TIC54X
465
@cindex @code{uword} directive, TIC54X
466
@item .half @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
467
@itemx .uhalf @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
468
@itemx .short @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
469
@itemx .ushort @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
470
@itemx .int @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
471
@itemx .uint @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
472
@itemx .word @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
473
@itemx .uword @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
474
Place one or more values into consecutive words of the current section.
475
If a label is used, it points to the word allocated for the first value
478
@cindex @code{label} directive, TIC54X
479
@item .label @var{symbol}
480
Define a special @var{symbol} to refer to the load time address of the
481
current section program counter.
483
@cindex @code{length} directive, TIC54X
484
@cindex @code{width} directive, TIC54X
487
Set the page length and width of the output listing file. Ignored.
489
@cindex @code{list} directive, TIC54X
490
@cindex @code{nolist} directive, TIC54X
493
Control whether the source listing is printed. Ignored.
495
@cindex @code{long} directive, TIC54X
496
@cindex @code{ulong} directive, TIC54X
497
@cindex @code{xlong} directive, TIC54X
498
@item .long @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
499
@itemx .ulong @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
500
@itemx .xlong @var{value} [,...,@var{value_n}]
501
Place one or more 32-bit values into consecutive words in the current
502
section. The most significant word is stored first. @code{.long} and
503
@code{.ulong} align the result on a longword boundary; @code{xlong} does
506
@cindex @code{loop} directive, TIC54X
507
@cindex @code{break} directive, TIC54X
508
@cindex @code{endloop} directive, TIC54X
509
@item .loop [@var{count}]
510
@itemx .break [@var{condition}]
512
Repeatedly assemble a block of code. @code{.loop} begins the block, and
513
@code{.endloop} marks its termination. @var{count} defaults to 1024,
514
and indicates the number of times the block should be repeated.
515
@code{.break} terminates the loop so that assembly begins after the
516
@code{.endloop} directive. The optional @var{condition} will cause the
517
loop to terminate only if it evaluates to zero.
519
@cindex @code{macro} directive, TIC54X
520
@cindex @code{endm} directive, TIC54X
521
@item @var{macro_name} .macro [@var{param1}][,...@var{param_n}]
524
See the section on macros for more explanation (@xref{TIC54X-Macros}.
526
@cindex @code{mlib} directive, TIC54X
527
@item .mlib "@var{filename}" | @var{filename}
528
Load the macro library @var{filename}. @var{filename} must be an
529
archived library (BFD ar-compatible) of text files, expected to contain
530
only macro definitions. The standard include search path is used.
532
@cindex @code{mlist} directive, TIC54X
533
@cindex @code{mnolist} directive, TIC54X
536
Control whether to include macro and loop block expansions in the
537
listing output. Ignored.
539
@cindex @code{mmregs} directive, TIC54X
541
Define global symbolic names for the 'c54x registers. Supposedly
542
equivalent to executing @code{.set} directives for each register with
543
its memory-mapped value, but in reality is provided only for
544
compatibility and does nothing.
546
@cindex @code{newblock} directive, TIC54X
548
This directive resets any TIC54X local labels currently defined. Normal
549
@code{@value{AS}} local labels are unaffected.
551
@cindex @code{option} directive, TIC54X
552
@item .option @var{option_list}
553
Set listing options. Ignored.
555
@cindex @code{sblock} directive, TIC54X
556
@item .sblock "@var{section_name}" | @var{section_name} [,"@var{name_n}" | @var{name_n}]
557
Designate @var{section_name} for blocking. Blocking guarantees that a
558
section will start on a page boundary (128 words) if it would otherwise
559
cross a page boundary. Only initialized sections may be designated with
560
this directive. See also @xref{TIC54X-Block}.
562
@cindex @code{sect} directive, TIC54X
563
@item .sect "@var{section_name}"
564
Define a named initialized section and make it the current section.
566
@cindex @code{set} directive, TIC54X
567
@cindex @code{equ} directive, TIC54X
568
@item @var{symbol} .set "@var{value}"
569
@itemx @var{symbol} .equ "@var{value}"
570
Equate a constant @var{value} to a @var{symbol}, which is placed in the
571
symbol table. @var{symbol} may not be previously defined.
573
@cindex @code{space} directive, TIC54X
574
@cindex @code{bes} directive, TIC54X
575
@item .space @var{size_in_bits}
576
@itemx .bes @var{size_in_bits}
577
Reserve the given number of bits in the current section and zero-fill
578
them. If a label is used with @code{.space}, it points to the
579
@strong{first} word reserved. With @code{.bes}, the label points to the
580
@strong{last} word reserved.
582
@cindex @code{sslist} directive, TIC54X
583
@cindex @code{ssnolist} directive, TIC54X
586
Controls the inclusion of subsym replacement in the listing output. Ignored.
588
@cindex @code{string} directive, TIC54X
589
@cindex @code{pstring} directive, TIC54X
590
@item .string "@var{string}" [,...,"@var{string_n}"]
591
@itemx .pstring "@var{string}" [,...,"@var{string_n}"]
592
Place 8-bit characters from @var{string} into the current section.
593
@code{.string} zero-fills the upper 8 bits of each word, while
594
@code{.pstring} puts two characters into each word, filling the
595
most-significant bits first. Unused space is zero-filled. If a label
596
is used, it points to the first word initialized.
598
@cindex @code{struct} directive, TIC54X
599
@cindex @code{tag} directive, TIC54X
600
@cindex @code{endstruct} directive, TIC54X
601
@item [@var{stag}] .struct [@var{offset}]
602
@itemx [@var{name_1}] element [@var{count_1}]
603
@itemx [@var{name_2}] element [@var{count_2}]
604
@itemx [@var{tname}] .tag @var{stagx} [@var{tcount}]
606
@itemx [@var{name_n}] element [@var{count_n}]
607
@itemx [@var{ssize}] .endstruct
608
@itemx @var{label} .tag [@var{stag}]
609
Assign symbolic offsets to the elements of a structure. @var{stag}
610
defines a symbol to use to reference the structure. @var{offset}
611
indicates a starting value to use for the first element encountered;
612
otherwise it defaults to zero. Each element can have a named offset,
613
@var{name}, which is a symbol assigned the value of the element's offset
614
into the structure. If @var{stag} is missing, these become global
615
symbols. @var{count} adjusts the offset that many times, as if
616
@code{element} were an array. @code{element} may be one of
617
@code{.byte}, @code{.word}, @code{.long}, @code{.float}, or any
618
equivalent of those, and the structure offset is adjusted accordingly.
619
@code{.field} and @code{.string} are also allowed; the size of
620
@code{.field} is one bit, and @code{.string} is considered to be one
621
word in size. Only element descriptors, structure/union tags,
622
@code{.align} and conditional assembly directives are allowed within
623
@code{.struct}/@code{.endstruct}. @code{.align} aligns member offsets
624
to word boundaries only. @var{ssize}, if provided, will always be
625
assigned the size of the structure.
627
The @code{.tag} directive, in addition to being used to define a
628
structure/union element within a structure, may be used to apply a
629
structure to a symbol. Once applied to @var{label}, the individual
630
structure elements may be applied to @var{label} to produce the desired
631
offsets using @var{label} as the structure base.
633
@cindex @code{tab} directive, TIC54X
635
Set the tab size in the output listing. Ignored.
637
@cindex @code{union} directive, TIC54X
638
@cindex @code{tag} directive, TIC54X
639
@cindex @code{endunion} directive, TIC54X
640
@item [@var{utag}] .union
641
@itemx [@var{name_1}] element [@var{count_1}]
642
@itemx [@var{name_2}] element [@var{count_2}]
643
@itemx [@var{tname}] .tag @var{utagx}[,@var{tcount}]
645
@itemx [@var{name_n}] element [@var{count_n}]
646
@itemx [@var{usize}] .endstruct
647
@itemx @var{label} .tag [@var{utag}]
648
Similar to @code{.struct}, but the offset after each element is reset to
649
zero, and the @var{usize} is set to the maximum of all defined elements.
650
Starting offset for the union is always zero.
652
@cindex @code{usect} directive, TIC54X
653
@item [@var{symbol}] .usect "@var{section_name}", @var{size}, [,[@var{blocking_flag}] [,@var{alignment_flag}]]
654
Reserve space for variables in a named, uninitialized section (similar to
655
.bss). @code{.usect} allows definitions sections independent of .bss.
656
@var{symbol} points to the first location reserved by this allocation.
657
The symbol may be used as a variable name. @var{size} is the allocated
658
size in words. @var{blocking_flag} indicates whether to block this
659
section on a page boundary (128 words) (@pxref{TIC54X-Block}).
660
@var{alignment flag} indicates whether the section should be
663
@cindex @code{var} directive, TIC54X
664
@item .var @var{sym}[,..., @var{sym_n}]
665
Define a subsym to be a local variable within a macro. See
666
@xref{TIC54X-Macros}.
668
@cindex @code{version} directive, TIC54X
669
@item .version @var{version}
670
Set which processor to build instructions for. Though the following
671
values are accepted, the op is ignored.
687
@cindex TIC54X-specific macros
688
@cindex macros, TIC54X
689
Macros do not require explicit dereferencing of arguments (i.e., \ARG).
691
During macro expansion, the macro parameters are converted to subsyms.
692
If the number of arguments passed the macro invocation exceeds the
693
number of parameters defined, the last parameter is assigned the string
694
equivalent of all remaining arguments. If fewer arguments are given
695
than parameters, the missing parameters are assigned empty strings. To
696
include a comma in an argument, you must enclose the argument in quotes.
698
@cindex subsym builtins, TIC54X
699
@cindex TIC54X subsym builtins
700
@cindex builtin subsym functions, TIC54X
701
The following built-in subsym functions allow examination of the string
702
value of subsyms (or ordinary strings). The arguments are strings
703
unless otherwise indicated (subsyms passed as args will be replaced by
704
the strings they represent).
706
@cindex @code{$symlen} subsym builtin, TIC54X
707
@item @code{$symlen(@var{str})}
708
Returns the length of @var{str}.
710
@cindex @code{$symcmp} subsym builtin, TIC54X
711
@item @code{$symcmp(@var{str1},@var{str2})}
712
Returns 0 if @var{str1} == @var{str2}, non-zero otherwise.
714
@cindex @code{$firstch} subsym builtin, TIC54X
715
@item @code{$firstch(@var{str},@var{ch})}
716
Returns index of the first occurrence of character constant @var{ch} in
719
@cindex @code{$lastch} subsym builtin, TIC54X
720
@item @code{$lastch(@var{str},@var{ch})}
721
Returns index of the last occurrence of character constant @var{ch} in
724
@cindex @code{$isdefed} subsym builtin, TIC54X
725
@item @code{$isdefed(@var{symbol})}
726
Returns zero if the symbol @var{symbol} is not in the symbol table,
729
@cindex @code{$ismember} subsym builtin, TIC54X
730
@item @code{$ismember(@var{symbol},@var{list})}
731
Assign the first member of comma-separated string @var{list} to
732
@var{symbol}; @var{list} is reassigned the remainder of the list. Returns
733
zero if @var{list} is a null string. Both arguments must be subsyms.
735
@cindex @code{$iscons} subsym builtin, TIC54X
736
@item @code{$iscons(@var{expr})}
737
Returns 1 if string @var{expr} is binary, 2 if octal, 3 if hexadecimal,
738
4 if a character, 5 if decimal, and zero if not an integer.
740
@cindex @code{$isname} subsym builtin, TIC54X
741
@item @code{$isname(@var{name})}
742
Returns 1 if @var{name} is a valid symbol name, zero otherwise.
744
@cindex @code{$isreg} subsym builtin, TIC54X
745
@item @code{$isreg(@var{reg})}
746
Returns 1 if @var{reg} is a valid predefined register name (AR0-AR7 only).
748
@cindex @code{$structsz} subsym builtin, TIC54X
749
@item @code{$structsz(@var{stag})}
750
Returns the size of the structure or union represented by @var{stag}.
752
@cindex @code{$structacc} subsym builtin, TIC54X
753
@item @code{$structacc(@var{stag})}
754
Returns the reference point of the structure or union represented by
755
@var{stag}. Always returns zero.
760
@section Memory-mapped Registers
762
@cindex TIC54X memory-mapped registers
763
@cindex registers, TIC54X memory-mapped
764
@cindex memory-mapped registers, TIC54X
765
The following symbols are recognized as memory-mapped registers:
771
@section TIC54X Syntax
773
* TIC54X-Chars:: Special Characters
777
@subsection Special Characters
779
@cindex line comment character, TIC54X
780
@cindex TIC54X line comment character
781
The presence of a @samp{;} appearing anywhere on a line indicates the
782
start of a comment that extends to the end of that line.
784
If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line then the whole
785
line is treated as a comment, but in this case the line can also be a
786
logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor
787
control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}).
789
The presence of an asterisk (@samp{*}) at the start of a line also
790
indicates a comment that extends to the end of that line.
792
@cindex line separator, TIC54X
793
@cindex statement separator, TIC54X
794
@cindex TIC54X line separator
795
The TIC54X assembler does not currently support a line separator
added
removed
binutils-2.23.52.20130611/gas/doc/c-tic54x.texi
