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# Test linking directly to S-records.
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# By Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support.
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# Copyright 1999-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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# This file is part of the GNU Binutils.
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# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
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# (at your option) any later version.
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# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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# GNU General Public License for more details.
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston,
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# Get the offset from an S-record line to the start of the data.
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if [string match "S1*" $l] {
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} else { if [string match "S2*" $l] {
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} else { if [string match "S3*" $l] {
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# See if an S-record line contains only zero data.
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proc srec_zero { l } {
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if [string match "S\[0789\]*" $l] {
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# Strip the address and checksum.
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if [string match "S\[123\]*" $l] {
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set l [string range $l [srec_off $l] [expr [string length $l] - 3]]
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# The rest must be zero.
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return [string match "" [string trim $l "0"]]
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# Get the address of an S-record line.
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proc srec_addr { l } {
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if [string match "S\[123\]*" $l] {
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set addr [string range $l 4 [expr [srec_off $l] - 1]]
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# Get the number of data bytes in an S-record line.
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if ![string match "S\[123\]*" $l] {
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return [expr "0x[string range $l 2 3]" - ([srec_off $l] - 4) / 2 - 1]
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# Extract bytes from an S-record line.
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proc srec_extract { l start len } {
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set rlen [srec_len $l]
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set stop [expr $start + $len]
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if { $stop > $rlen } {
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set start [expr $start * 2 + $off]
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set stop [expr $stop * 2 + $off - 1]
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return [string range $l $start $stop]
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# See if a range of bytes in an S-record line is all zeroes.
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proc srec_zero_range { l start len } {
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return [string match "" [string trim [srec_extract $l $start $len] "0"]]
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# Trim an S-record line such that the specified number of bytes remain
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proc srec_trim { l leave } {
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set off [srec_off $l]
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set addr [srec_addr $l]
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set len [srec_len $l]
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if { $leave >= $len } {
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set s1 [string range $l 0 1]
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set s2 [format "%02x" [expr ($off - 4) / 2 + $leave + 1]]
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set s3 [format "%0[expr $off - 4]x" [expr $addr + $len - $leave]]
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set s4 [string range $l [expr [string length $l] - ($leave * 2) - 2] end]
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set s "${s1}${s2}${s3}${s4}"
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verbose "srec_trim { '$l' $leave } returning '$s'" 2
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# Report failure when comparing S-record lines
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proc srec_compare_fail { which l1 l2 } {
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send_log "comparison failure $which:\n$l1\n$l2\n"
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verbose "comparison failure $which:\n$l1\n$l2"
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# Compare S-record files. We don't want to fuss about things like
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# extra zeroes. Note that BFD always sorts S-records by address.
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proc srec_compare { f1 f2 } {
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while { $e1 != -1 } {
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set l1 [string trimright $l1 "\r\n"]
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set l2 [string trimright $l2 "\r\n"]
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# If l1 contains data, it must be zero.
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if ![srec_zero $l1] {
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send_log "data after EOF: $l1\n"
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verbose "data after EOF: $l1"
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} else { if { [string compare $l1 $l2] == 0 } {
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} else { if { [srec_zero $l1] } {
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} else { if { [srec_zero $l2] } {
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# The strings are not the same, and neither is all zeroes.
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set a1 [srec_addr $l1]
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set n1 [srec_len $l1]
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set a2 [srec_addr $l2]
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set n2 [srec_len $l2]
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if { $a1 < $a2 && ![srec_zero_range $l1 0 [expr $a2 - $a1]] } {
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verbose "$a1 $a2 [srec_extract $l1 0 [expr $a2 - $a1]]" 2
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srec_compare_fail 1 $l1 $l2
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if { $a2 < $a1 && ![srec_zero_range $l2 0 [expr $a1 - $a2]] } {
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srec_compare_fail 2 $l1 $l2
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# Here we know that any initial data in both lines is
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# zero. Now make sure that any overlapping data matches.
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set os1 [expr $a2 - $a1]
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set os2 [expr $a1 - $a2]
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if { $a1 + $n1 < $a2 + $n2 } {
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set ol [expr $n1 - $os1]
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set ol [expr $n2 - $os2]
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set x1 [srec_extract $l1 $os1 $ol]
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set x2 [srec_extract $l2 $os2 $ol]
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if { [string compare $x1 $x2] != 0 } {
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verbose "$os1 $ol $x1" 2
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verbose "$os2 $ol $x2" 2
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srec_compare_fail 3 $l1 $l2
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# These strings match. Trim the data from the larger
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# string, read a new copy of the smaller string, and
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if { $a1 + $n1 < $a2 + $n2 } {
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set l2 [srec_trim $l2 [expr ($a2 + $n2) - ($a1 + $n1)]]
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} else { if { $a1 + $n1 > $a2 + $n2 } {
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set l1 [srec_trim $l1 [expr ($a1 + $n1) - ($a2 + $n2)]]
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# We've reached the end of the first file. The remainder of the
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# second file must contain only zeroes.
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while { $e2 != -1 } {
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set l2 [string trimright $l2 "\r\n"]
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if ![srec_zero $l2] {
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send_log "data after EOF: $l2\n"
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verbose "data after EOF: $l2"
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# Link twice, objcopy, and compare
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proc run_srec_test { test objs } {
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global sizeof_headers
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# Tell the ELF linker to not do anything clever with .eh_frame,
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# not to put anything in small data, and define various symbols.
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set flags "--traditional-format -G 0 "
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append flags [ld_simple_link_defsyms]
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# If the linker script uses SIZEOF_HEADERS, use a -Ttext argument
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# to force both the normal link and the S-record link to be put in
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# the same place. We don't always use -Ttext because it interacts
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if { $sizeof_headers } {
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set flags "$flags -Ttext 0x1000"
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if [istarget sh64*-*-elf] {
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# This is what gcc passes to ld by default.
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set flags "$flags -mshelf32"
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# SH64 targets cannot convert format in the linker
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# using the -oformat command line switch.
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setup_xfail "sh64*-*-*"
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if {[istarget aarch64*-*-*] || \
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[istarget arm*-*-*]} {
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# ARM targets cannot convert format in the linker
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# using the --oformat command line switch
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setup_xfail "aarch64-*-*"
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setup_xfail "aarch64_be-*-*"
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setup_xfail "arm*-*-*"
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# V850 targets need libgcc.a
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if [istarget v850*-*-elf] {
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set objs "$objs -L ../gcc -lgcc"
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# Xtensa ELF targets relax by default; S-Record linker does not
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if [istarget xtensa*-*-*] {
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set flags "$flags -no-relax"
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# MSP430 targets always relax.
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if [istarget msp430*-*-*] {
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setup_xfail "msp430*-*-*"
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# Epiphany needs some help too
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if [istarget epiphany*-*-*] {
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set flags "$flags --defsym _start=00000060"
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setup_xfail "epiphany*-*-*"
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if [istarget m681*-*-*] {
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set flags "$flags --defsym _start=0xc000"
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setup_xfail "m681*-*-*"
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if [istarget m68hc1*-*-*] {
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set flags "$flags --defsym _start=0xc000"
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setup_xfail "m68hc1*-*-*"
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if [istarget m9s12x*-*-*] {
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set flags "$flags --defsym _start=0xc000"
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setup_xfail "m9s12x*-*-*"
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if { ![ld_simple_link $ld tmpdir/sr1 "$flags $objs"] \
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|| ![ld_simple_link $ld tmpdir/sr2.sr "$flags --oformat srec $objs"] } {
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send_log "$objcopy -O srec tmpdir/sr1 tmpdir/sr1.sr\n"
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set exec_output [run_host_cmd "$objcopy" "-O srec tmpdir/sr1 tmpdir/sr1.sr"]
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set exec_output [prune_warnings $exec_output]
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if ![string match "" $exec_output] {
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send_log "$exec_output\n"
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verbose "$exec_output"
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set f1 [open tmpdir/sr1.sr r]
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set f2 [open tmpdir/sr2.sr r]
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if [srec_compare $f1 $f2] {
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set test1 "S-records"
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set test2 "S-records with constructors"
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# See whether the default linker script uses SIZEOF_HEADERS.
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set exec_output [run_host_cmd "$ld" "--verbose"]
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set sizeof_headers [string match "*SIZEOF_HEADERS*" $exec_output]
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# First test linking a C program. We don't require any libraries. We
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# link it normally, and objcopy to the S-record format, and then link
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# directly to the S-record format, and require that the two files
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# contain the same data.
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if { ![is_remote host] && [which $CC] == 0 } {
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if { ![ld_compile $CC $srcdir/$subdir/sr1.c tmpdir/sr1.o] \
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|| ![ld_compile $CC $srcdir/$subdir/sr2.c tmpdir/sr2.o] } {
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# The i386-aout target is confused: the linker does not put the
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# sections where objdump finds them. I don't know which is wrong.
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setup_xfail "i*86-*-aout*"
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# These tests fail on the native MIPS ELF targets because the GP value
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# in the .reginfo section is not updated when the S-record version is
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# written out. The mips-elf target itself does not use a .reginfo section.
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setup_xfail "mips*-*-irix5*" "mips*-*-irix6*" "mips*-*-linux*"
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# The S-record linker doesn't do the magic TOC handling that XCOFF
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setup_xfail "*-*-aix*" "*-*-xcoff*"
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# The S-record linker doesn't build ARM/Thumb stubs.
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setup_xfail "arm-*-coff"
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setup_xfail "arm-*-pe*"
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# setup_xfail "arm-*elf*"
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setup_xfail "arm*-*-linux*"
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# The S-record linker doesn't include the .{zda} sections.
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setup_xfail "v850*-*-elf"
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# The S-record linker doesn't handle Alpha Elf relaxation.
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setup_xfail "alpha*-*-elf*" "alpha*-*-linux-*" "alpha*-*-gnu*"
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setup_xfail "alpha*-*-netbsd*"
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# The S-record linker hasn't any hope of coping with HPPA relocs.
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# Or MeP complex relocs.
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setup_xfail "hppa*-*-*" "mep-*-*"
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# The S-record linker doesn't handle IA64 Elf relaxation.
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setup_xfail "ia64-*-*"
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# The S-record linker doesn't support the special PE headers - the PE
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# emulation tries to write pe-specific information to the PE headers
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# in the output bfd, but it's not a PE bfd (it's an srec bfd)
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setup_xfail "*-*-cygwin*" "*-*-mingw*" "*-*-pe*" "*-*-winnt*"
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setup_xfail "score-*-*"
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# The S-record linker doesn't support Blackfin ELF FDPIC ABI.
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setup_xfail "bfin-*-linux-uclibc"
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# On tile, we appear to be getting some random-seeming zeroing or 24-bit
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# rightshifts (!) in the output when directly generating S-records from
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# the linker. Not clear what could be causing this but we don't
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# anticipate creating s-records (and could always use objcopy to
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# generate the format if need be).
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setup_xfail "tile*-*-*"
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run_srec_test $test1 "tmpdir/sr1.o tmpdir/sr2.o"
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# Now try linking a C++ program with global constructors and
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# destructors. Note that since we are not linking against any
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# libraries, this program won't actually work or anything.
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if { ![is_remote host] && [which $CXX] == 0 } {
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if ![ld_compile "$CXX $CXXFLAGS -fno-exceptions" $srcdir/$subdir/sr3.cc tmpdir/sr3.o] {
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setup_xfail "i*86-*-aout*"
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setup_xfail "mips*-*-irix5*" "mips*-*-irix6*" "mips*-*-linux*"
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setup_xfail "*-*-aix*" "*-*-xcoff*"
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setup_xfail "arm*-*-*"
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setup_xfail "v850*-*-elf"
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setup_xfail "alpha*-*-elf*" "alpha*-*-linux-*" "alpha*-*-gnu*"
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setup_xfail "alpha*-*-netbsd*"
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setup_xfail "hppa*-*-*" "mep-*-*"
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setup_xfail "ia64-*-*"
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setup_xfail "*-*-cygwin*" "*-*-mingw*" "*-*-pe*" "*-*-winnt*"
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setup_xfail "score-*-*"
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setup_xfail "bfin-*-linux-uclibc"
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setup_xfail "tile*-*-*"
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run_srec_test $test2 "tmpdir/sr3.o"