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** $Id: lbaselib.c,v 1.276 2013/02/21 13:44:53 roberto Exp $
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** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
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static int luaB_print (lua_State *L) {
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int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
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lua_getglobal(L, "tostring");
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for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {
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lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* function to be called */
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lua_pushvalue(L, i); /* value to print */
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s = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &l); /* get result */
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LUA_QL("tostring") " must return a string to " LUA_QL("print"));
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if (i>1) luai_writestring("\t", 1);
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luai_writestring(s, l);
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lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop result */
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#define SPACECHARS " \f\n\r\t\v"
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static int luaB_tonumber (lua_State *L) {
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if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 2)) { /* standard conversion */
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lua_Number n = lua_tonumberx(L, 1, &isnum);
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} /* else not a number; must be something */
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const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
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const char *e = s + l; /* end point for 's' */
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int base = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
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luaL_argcheck(L, 2 <= base && base <= 36, 2, "base out of range");
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s += strspn(s, SPACECHARS); /* skip initial spaces */
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if (*s == '-') { s++; neg = 1; } /* handle signal */
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else if (*s == '+') s++;
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if (isalnum((unsigned char)*s)) {
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int digit = (isdigit((unsigned char)*s)) ? *s - '0'
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: toupper((unsigned char)*s) - 'A' + 10;
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if (digit >= base) break; /* invalid numeral; force a fail */
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n = n * (lua_Number)base + (lua_Number)digit;
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} while (isalnum((unsigned char)*s));
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s += strspn(s, SPACECHARS); /* skip trailing spaces */
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if (s == e) { /* no invalid trailing characters? */
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lua_pushnumber(L, (neg) ? -n : n);
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} /* else not a number */
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} /* else not a number */
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lua_pushnil(L); /* not a number */
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static int luaB_error (lua_State *L) {
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int level = luaL_optint(L, 2, 1);
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if (lua_isstring(L, 1) && level > 0) { /* add extra information? */
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static int luaB_getmetatable (lua_State *L) {
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if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {
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return 1; /* no metatable */
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luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable");
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return 1; /* returns either __metatable field (if present) or metatable */
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static int luaB_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {
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int t = lua_type(L, 2);
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luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
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luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2,
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"nil or table expected");
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if (luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable"))
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return luaL_error(L, "cannot change a protected metatable");
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lua_setmetatable(L, 1);
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static int luaB_rawequal (lua_State *L) {
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lua_pushboolean(L, lua_rawequal(L, 1, 2));
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static int luaB_rawlen (lua_State *L) {
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int t = lua_type(L, 1);
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luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TTABLE || t == LUA_TSTRING, 1,
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"table or string expected");
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lua_pushinteger(L, lua_rawlen(L, 1));
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static int luaB_rawget (lua_State *L) {
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luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
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static int luaB_rawset (lua_State *L) {
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luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
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static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {
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static const char *const opts[] = {"stop", "restart", "collect",
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"count", "step", "setpause", "setstepmul",
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"setmajorinc", "isrunning", "generational", "incremental", NULL};
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static const int optsnum[] = {LUA_GCSTOP, LUA_GCRESTART, LUA_GCCOLLECT,
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LUA_GCCOUNT, LUA_GCSTEP, LUA_GCSETPAUSE, LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL,
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LUA_GCSETMAJORINC, LUA_GCISRUNNING, LUA_GCGEN, LUA_GCINC};
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int o = optsnum[luaL_checkoption(L, 1, "collect", opts)];
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int ex = luaL_optint(L, 2, 0);
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int res = lua_gc(L, o, ex);
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int b = lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNTB, 0);
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lua_pushnumber(L, res + ((lua_Number)b/1024));
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lua_pushinteger(L, b);
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case LUA_GCSTEP: case LUA_GCISRUNNING: {
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lua_pushboolean(L, res);
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lua_pushinteger(L, res);
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static int luaB_type (lua_State *L) {
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lua_pushstring(L, luaL_typename(L, 1));
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static int pairsmeta (lua_State *L, const char *method, int iszero,
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lua_CFunction iter) {
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if (!luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, method)) { /* no metamethod? */
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luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE); /* argument must be a table */
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lua_pushcfunction(L, iter); /* will return generator, */
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lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* state, */
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if (iszero) lua_pushinteger(L, 0); /* and initial value */
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lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* argument 'self' to metamethod */
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lua_call(L, 1, 3); /* get 3 values from metamethod */
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static int luaB_next (lua_State *L) {
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luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
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lua_settop(L, 2); /* create a 2nd argument if there isn't one */
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static int luaB_pairs (lua_State *L) {
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return pairsmeta(L, "__pairs", 0, luaB_next);
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static int ipairsaux (lua_State *L) {
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int i = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
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luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
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i++; /* next value */
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lua_pushinteger(L, i);
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lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
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return (lua_isnil(L, -1)) ? 1 : 2;
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static int luaB_ipairs (lua_State *L) {
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return pairsmeta(L, "__ipairs", 1, ipairsaux);
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static int load_aux (lua_State *L, int status, int envidx) {
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if (status == LUA_OK) {
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if (envidx != 0) { /* 'env' parameter? */
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lua_pushvalue(L, envidx); /* environment for loaded function */
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if (!lua_setupvalue(L, -2, 1)) /* set it as 1st upvalue */
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lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove 'env' if not used by previous call */
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else { /* error (message is on top of the stack) */
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lua_insert(L, -2); /* put before error message */
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return 2; /* return nil plus error message */
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static int luaB_loadfile (lua_State *L) {
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const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
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const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, NULL);
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int env = (!lua_isnone(L, 3) ? 3 : 0); /* 'env' index or 0 if no 'env' */
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int status = luaL_loadfilex(L, fname, mode);
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return load_aux(L, status, env);
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** {======================================================
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** Generic Read function
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** =======================================================
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** reserved slot, above all arguments, to hold a copy of the returned
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** string to avoid it being collected while parsed. 'load' has four
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** optional arguments (chunk, source name, mode, and environment).
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#define RESERVEDSLOT 5
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** Reader for generic `load' function: `lua_load' uses the
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** stack for internal stuff, so the reader cannot change the
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** stack top. Instead, it keeps its resulting string in a
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** reserved slot inside the stack.
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static const char *generic_reader (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
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(void)(ud); /* not used */
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luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "too many nested functions");
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lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* get function */
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lua_call(L, 0, 1); /* call it */
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if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
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lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop result */
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else if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))
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luaL_error(L, "reader function must return a string");
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lua_replace(L, RESERVEDSLOT); /* save string in reserved slot */
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return lua_tolstring(L, RESERVEDSLOT, size);
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static int luaB_load (lua_State *L) {
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const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &l);
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const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 3, "bt");
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int env = (!lua_isnone(L, 4) ? 4 : 0); /* 'env' index or 0 if no 'env' */
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if (s != NULL) { /* loading a string? */
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const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, s);
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status = luaL_loadbufferx(L, s, l, chunkname, mode);
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else { /* loading from a reader function */
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const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "=(load)");
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luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
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lua_settop(L, RESERVEDSLOT); /* create reserved slot */
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status = lua_load(L, generic_reader, NULL, chunkname, mode);
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return load_aux(L, status, env);
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/* }====================================================== */
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static int dofilecont (lua_State *L) {
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return lua_gettop(L) - 1;
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static int luaB_dofile (lua_State *L) {
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const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
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if (luaL_loadfile(L, fname) != LUA_OK)
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lua_callk(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0, dofilecont);
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return dofilecont(L);
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static int luaB_assert (lua_State *L) {
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if (!lua_toboolean(L, 1))
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return luaL_error(L, "%s", luaL_optstring(L, 2, "assertion failed!"));
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return lua_gettop(L);
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static int luaB_select (lua_State *L) {
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int n = lua_gettop(L);
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if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TSTRING && *lua_tostring(L, 1) == '#') {
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lua_pushinteger(L, n-1);
360
int i = luaL_checkint(L, 1);
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if (i < 0) i = n + i;
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else if (i > n) i = n;
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luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= i, 1, "index out of range");
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static int finishpcall (lua_State *L, int status) {
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if (!lua_checkstack(L, 1)) { /* no space for extra boolean? */
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lua_settop(L, 0); /* create space for return values */
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lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
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lua_pushstring(L, "stack overflow");
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return 2; /* return false, msg */
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lua_pushboolean(L, status); /* first result (status) */
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lua_replace(L, 1); /* put first result in first slot */
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return lua_gettop(L);
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static int pcallcont (lua_State *L) {
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int status = lua_getctx(L, NULL);
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return finishpcall(L, (status == LUA_YIELD));
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static int luaB_pcall (lua_State *L) {
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lua_insert(L, 1); /* create space for status result */
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status = lua_pcallk(L, lua_gettop(L) - 2, LUA_MULTRET, 0, 0, pcallcont);
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return finishpcall(L, (status == LUA_OK));
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static int luaB_xpcall (lua_State *L) {
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int n = lua_gettop(L);
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luaL_argcheck(L, n >= 2, 2, "value expected");
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lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* exchange function... */
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lua_copy(L, 2, 1); /* ...and error handler */
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status = lua_pcallk(L, n - 2, LUA_MULTRET, 1, 0, pcallcont);
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return finishpcall(L, (status == LUA_OK));
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static int luaB_tostring (lua_State *L) {
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luaL_tolstring(L, 1, NULL);
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static const luaL_Reg base_funcs[] = {
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{"assert", luaB_assert},
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{"collectgarbage", luaB_collectgarbage},
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{"dofile", luaB_dofile},
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{"error", luaB_error},
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{"getmetatable", luaB_getmetatable},
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{"ipairs", luaB_ipairs},
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{"loadfile", luaB_loadfile},
426
#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LOADSTRING)
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{"loadstring", luaB_load},
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{"pairs", luaB_pairs},
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{"pcall", luaB_pcall},
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{"print", luaB_print},
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{"rawequal", luaB_rawequal},
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{"rawlen", luaB_rawlen},
435
{"rawget", luaB_rawget},
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{"rawset", luaB_rawset},
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{"select", luaB_select},
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{"setmetatable", luaB_setmetatable},
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{"tonumber", luaB_tonumber},
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{"tostring", luaB_tostring},
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{"xpcall", luaB_xpcall},
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LUAMOD_API int luaopen_base (lua_State *L) {
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lua_pushglobaltable(L);
450
lua_pushglobaltable(L);
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lua_setfield(L, -2, "_G");
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/* open lib into global table */
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luaL_setfuncs(L, base_funcs, 0);
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lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_VERSION);
455
lua_setfield(L, -2, "_VERSION"); /* set global _VERSION */