3
.. i18n: single: Invoice to Payment
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single: Invoice to Payment
8
.. i18n: ***********************
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.. i18n: From invoice to payment
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.. i18n: ***********************
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***********************
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From invoice to payment
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***********************
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.. i18n: .. raw:: html
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.. i18n: <div class="all-toctree">
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<div class="all-toctree">
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.. i18n: accounting_workflow
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.. i18n: accounting_entries
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.. i18n: .. raw:: html
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.. i18n: *This chapter traces the basic accounting workflow in Open ERP, from entering an invoice to
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.. i18n: registering payment. The various operations are described, from the entry of accounting receipts and
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.. i18n: the treatment of the reconciliation process, including payment orders.*
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*This chapter traces the basic accounting workflow in Open ERP, from entering an invoice to
49
registering payment. The various operations are described, from the entry of accounting receipts and
50
the treatment of the reconciliation process, including payment orders.*
52
.. i18n: Accounting is at the heart of managing a company: all the company's operations have an impact here.
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.. i18n: It has an informational role (how much cash is there? what debts need to be repaid? what's the stock
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.. i18n: valuation?) and, because of the information it provides, a reliable and detailed accounting system
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.. i18n: can and should have a major decision-making role.
57
Accounting is at the heart of managing a company: all the company's operations have an impact here.
58
It has an informational role (how much cash is there? what debts need to be repaid? what's the stock
59
valuation?) and, because of the information it provides, a reliable and detailed accounting system
60
can and should have a major decision-making role.
62
.. i18n: In most real companies, accounting is limited to producing statutory reports and satisfying the
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.. i18n: directors' curiosity about certain strategic decisions, and to printing the balance sheet and the
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.. i18n: income statement several times a year. Even then there's often several weeks of delay between
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.. i18n: reality and the report.
67
In most real companies, accounting is limited to producing statutory reports and satisfying the
68
directors' curiosity about certain strategic decisions, and to printing the balance sheet and the
69
income statement several times a year. Even then there's often several weeks of delay between
70
reality and the report.
72
.. i18n: .. note:: Valuing your accounting function
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.. i18n: In many small companies, the accounting function is poorly treated.
76
.. i18n: Not only do you see the data for documents being entered into the system twice,
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.. i18n: but also the results are often just used to produce legal documentation and regular printouts
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.. i18n: of the balance sheet and income statements some weeks after the closing dates.
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.. i18n: By contrast, integrating your accounts with your management system means that you can:
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.. i18n: * reduce data entry effort – you only need do it once,
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.. i18n: * run your processes with the benefit of financial vision: for example in managing projects,
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.. i18n: negotiating contracts, and forecasting cash flow,
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.. i18n: * easily get hold of useful information when you need it, such as a customer's credit position.
89
.. note:: Valuing your accounting function
91
In many small companies, the accounting function is poorly treated.
93
Not only do you see the data for documents being entered into the system twice,
94
but also the results are often just used to produce legal documentation and regular printouts
95
of the balance sheet and income statements some weeks after the closing dates.
97
By contrast, integrating your accounts with your management system means that you can:
99
* reduce data entry effort – you only need do it once,
101
* run your processes with the benefit of financial vision: for example in managing projects,
102
negotiating contracts, and forecasting cash flow,
104
* easily get hold of useful information when you need it, such as a customer's credit position.
106
.. i18n: So accounting is too often underused. The information it brings makes it a very effective tool
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.. i18n: for running the company if it's integrated into the management system. Accounting information really
108
.. i18n: is necessary in all of your company's processes for you to be effective, for example:
110
So accounting is too often underused. The information it brings makes it a very effective tool
111
for running the company if it's integrated into the management system. Accounting information really
112
is necessary in all of your company's processes for you to be effective, for example:
114
.. i18n: * for preparing quotations it's important to know the precise financial position of the client, and
115
.. i18n: to see a history of any delays in payment,
117
.. i18n: * if a given customer has exceeded their credit limit, accounting can automatically stop further
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.. i18n: deliveries to the customer,
120
.. i18n: * if a project budget is 80% consumed but the project is only 20% complete you could renegotiate
121
.. i18n: with the client, or review and rein in the objectives of the project,
123
.. i18n: * if you need to improve your company's cash flow then you could plan your services projects on the
124
.. i18n: basis of billing rates and payment terms of the various projects, and not just delivery dates –
125
.. i18n: you could work on short-term client projects in preference to R&D projects, for example.
127
* for preparing quotations it's important to know the precise financial position of the client, and
128
to see a history of any delays in payment,
130
* if a given customer has exceeded their credit limit, accounting can automatically stop further
131
deliveries to the customer,
133
* if a project budget is 80% consumed but the project is only 20% complete you could renegotiate
134
with the client, or review and rein in the objectives of the project,
136
* if you need to improve your company's cash flow then you could plan your services projects on the
137
basis of billing rates and payment terms of the various projects, and not just delivery dates –
138
you could work on short-term client projects in preference to R&D projects, for example.
140
.. i18n: Open ERP's general accounting and analytic accounting handle these needs well because of the close
141
.. i18n: integration between all of the application modules. Furthermore, the transactions, the actions and
142
.. i18n: the financial analyses happen in real time, so that you can not only monitor the situation but also
143
.. i18n: manage it effectively.
145
Open ERP's general accounting and analytic accounting handle these needs well because of the close
146
integration between all of the application modules. Furthermore, the transactions, the actions and
147
the financial analyses happen in real time, so that you can not only monitor the situation but also
148
manage it effectively.
151
.. i18n: single: module; account
154
single: module; account
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.. i18n: The :mod:`account` module in Open ERP covers general accounting, analytic accounting, and auxiliary
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.. i18n: and budgetary accounting. It's double-entry, multi-currency and multi-company.
159
The :mod:`account` module in Open ERP covers general accounting, analytic accounting, and auxiliary
160
and budgetary accounting. It's double-entry, multi-currency and multi-company.
163
.. i18n: single: accounting
164
.. i18n: single: accounting; financial
165
.. i18n: single: accounting; analytical
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.. i18n: single: accounting; auxiliary
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.. i18n: single: accounting; budgetary
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.. i18n: single: asset
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.. i18n: single: liability
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single: accounting; financial
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single: accounting; analytical
175
single: accounting; auxiliary
176
single: accounting; budgetary
180
.. i18n: .. note:: Accounting
182
.. i18n: * General accounting (or financial accounting) is for identifying the assets and liabilities of the
183
.. i18n: business. It's managed using double-entry accounting which ensures that each transaction is
184
.. i18n: credited to one account and debited from another.
186
.. i18n: * Analytical accounting (or management accounting, or cost accounting) is an independent accounting
187
.. i18n: system which reflects the general accounts but is structured along axes that represent the
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.. i18n: company's management needs.
190
.. i18n: * Auxiliary accounting reflects the accounts of customers and/or suppliers.
192
.. i18n: * Budgetary accounts predefine the expected allocation of resources, usually at the start of a
193
.. i18n: financial year.
197
* General accounting (or financial accounting) is for identifying the assets and liabilities of the
198
business. It's managed using double-entry accounting which ensures that each transaction is
199
credited to one account and debited from another.
201
* Analytical accounting (or management accounting, or cost accounting) is an independent accounting
202
system which reflects the general accounts but is structured along axes that represent the
203
company's management needs.
205
* Auxiliary accounting reflects the accounts of customers and/or suppliers.
207
* Budgetary accounts predefine the expected allocation of resources, usually at the start of a
211
.. i18n: pair: accounting; multi-company
214
pair: accounting; multi-company
216
.. i18n: .. tip:: Multi-company
218
.. i18n: There is a choice of methods for integrating Open ERP in a multi-company environment:
220
.. i18n: * if the companies hold few documents in common (such as products, or partners - any Open ERP
221
.. i18n: resource), you should install separate databases,
223
.. i18n: * if the companies share many documents, you can register them in the same database and install
224
.. i18n: Open ERP's multi-company documents to finely manage access rights,
227
.. i18n: single: module; base_synchro
229
.. i18n: * you can synchronize specified document types in several databases using the :mod:`base_synchro`
230
.. i18n: module, which is a shared-funding module rather than in the standard open repositories.
232
.. tip:: Multi-company
234
There is a choice of methods for integrating Open ERP in a multi-company environment:
236
* if the companies hold few documents in common (such as products, or partners - any Open ERP
237
resource), you should install separate databases,
239
* if the companies share many documents, you can register them in the same database and install
240
Open ERP's multi-company documents to finely manage access rights,
243
single: module; base_synchro
245
* you can synchronize specified document types in several databases using the :mod:`base_synchro`
246
module, which is a shared-funding module rather than in the standard open repositories.
248
.. i18n: One of the great advantages of integrating accounts with all of the other modules is in avoiding the
249
.. i18n: double entry of data into accounting documents. So in Open ERP an Order automatically generates an
250
.. i18n: Invoice, and the Invoice automatically generates the accounting entries. These in turn generate tax
251
.. i18n: submissions, customer reminders, and so on. Such strong integration enables you to:
253
One of the great advantages of integrating accounts with all of the other modules is in avoiding the
254
double entry of data into accounting documents. So in Open ERP an Order automatically generates an
255
Invoice, and the Invoice automatically generates the accounting entries. These in turn generate tax
256
submissions, customer reminders, and so on. Such strong integration enables you to:
258
.. i18n: * reduce data entry work,
260
.. i18n: * greatly reduce the number of data entry errors,
262
.. i18n: * get information in real time and enable very fast reaction times (for bill reminders, for
265
.. i18n: * exert timely control over all areas of company management.
267
* reduce data entry work,
269
* greatly reduce the number of data entry errors,
271
* get information in real time and enable very fast reaction times (for bill reminders, for
274
* exert timely control over all areas of company management.
277
.. i18n: single: accountant
282
.. i18n: .. tip:: For accountants
284
.. i18n: When you create a database you can elect to install only the accounting modules by choosing the
285
.. i18n: :guilabel:`Accounting only profile` :mod:`profile_accounting`.
287
.. i18n: You should then install the web portal :mod:`portal_account`.
288
.. i18n: With appropriate rights management, this allows trustees to
289
.. i18n: provide customers with real-time access to their data. It also gives them the opportunity to work
290
.. i18n: on certain documents that have no direct accounting impact, such as budgets.
292
.. i18n: This can provide an added-value service that greatly improves the interaction between trustees and
293
.. i18n: their clients.
295
.. tip:: For accountants
297
When you create a database you can elect to install only the accounting modules by choosing the
298
:guilabel:`Accounting only profile` :mod:`profile_accounting`.
300
You should then install the web portal :mod:`portal_account`.
301
With appropriate rights management, this allows trustees to
302
provide customers with real-time access to their data. It also gives them the opportunity to work
303
on certain documents that have no direct accounting impact, such as budgets.
305
This can provide an added-value service that greatly improves the interaction between trustees and
308
.. i18n: All the accounts are held in the default currency (which is specified in the company definition),
309
.. i18n: but each account and/or transaction can also have a secondary currency (which is defined in the
310
.. i18n: account). The value of multi-currency transactions is then tracked in both currencies.
312
All the accounts are held in the default currency (which is specified in the company definition),
313
but each account and/or transaction can also have a secondary currency (which is defined in the
314
account). The value of multi-currency transactions is then tracked in both currencies.
316
.. i18n: For this chapter you should start with a fresh database that includes demo data,
317
.. i18n: with :mod:`sale` and its dependencies installed and no particular chart of accounts configured.
319
For this chapter you should start with a fresh database that includes demo data,
320
with :mod:`sale` and its dependencies installed and no particular chart of accounts configured.
322
.. i18n: .. Copyright © Open Object Press. All rights reserved.
324
.. Copyright © Open Object Press. All rights reserved.
326
.. i18n: .. You may take electronic copy of this publication and distribute it if you don't
327
.. i18n: .. change the content. You can also print a copy to be read by yourself only.
329
.. You may take electronic copy of this publication and distribute it if you don't
330
.. change the content. You can also print a copy to be read by yourself only.
332
.. i18n: .. We have contracts with different publishers in different countries to sell and
333
.. i18n: .. distribute paper or electronic based versions of this book (translated or not)
334
.. i18n: .. in bookstores. This helps to distribute and promote the Open ERP product. It
335
.. i18n: .. also helps us to create incentives to pay contributors and authors using author
336
.. i18n: .. rights of these sales.
338
.. We have contracts with different publishers in different countries to sell and
339
.. distribute paper or electronic based versions of this book (translated or not)
340
.. in bookstores. This helps to distribute and promote the Open ERP product. It
341
.. also helps us to create incentives to pay contributors and authors using author
342
.. rights of these sales.
344
.. i18n: .. Due to this, grants to translate, modify or sell this book are strictly
345
.. i18n: .. forbidden, unless Tiny SPRL (representing Open Object Press) gives you a
346
.. i18n: .. written authorisation for this.
348
.. Due to this, grants to translate, modify or sell this book are strictly
349
.. forbidden, unless Tiny SPRL (representing Open Object Press) gives you a
350
.. written authorisation for this.
352
.. i18n: .. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and suppliers to distinguish their
353
.. i18n: .. products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book,
354
.. i18n: .. and Open Object Press was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been
355
.. i18n: .. printed in initial capitals.
357
.. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and suppliers to distinguish their
358
.. products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book,
359
.. and Open Object Press was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been
360
.. printed in initial capitals.
362
.. i18n: .. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher
363
.. i18n: .. and the authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages
364
.. i18n: .. resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
366
.. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher
367
.. and the authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages
368
.. resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
370
.. i18n: .. Published by Open Object Press, Grand Rosière, Belgium
372
.. Published by Open Object Press, Grand Rosière, Belgium