3
.. i18n: single: stock; double-entry
6
single: stock; double-entry
8
.. i18n: Understanding double-entry stock management
9
.. i18n: ===========================================
11
Understanding double-entry stock management
12
===========================================
14
.. i18n: To illustrate this concept of stock management, see how stock moves are generated by the following
17
To illustrate this concept of stock management, see how stock moves are generated by the following
20
.. i18n: * Receiving products from a supplier,
22
.. i18n: * Delivery to a customer,
24
.. i18n: * Inventory operation for lost materials,
26
.. i18n: * Manufacturing.
28
* Receiving products from a supplier,
30
* Delivery to a customer,
32
* Inventory operation for lost materials,
37
.. i18n: single: module; stock
42
.. i18n: The structure of stock locations is shown by the figure :ref:`fig-stloctree`. Stocks are assumed to be totally
43
.. i18n: empty and no operation is in progress nor planned.
45
The structure of stock locations is shown by the figure :ref:`fig-stloctree`. Stocks are assumed to be totally
46
empty and no operation is in progress nor planned.
48
.. i18n: If you order '30 bicycles' from a supplier, Open ERP will then do the following operations after the
49
.. i18n: receipt of the products:
51
If you order '30 bicycles' from a supplier, Open ERP will then do the following operations after the
52
receipt of the products:
54
.. i18n: .. table:: Stock Move operation from Suppliers to Stock
56
.. i18n: ================================================== =============
57
.. i18n: Location Products
58
.. i18n: ================================================== =============
59
.. i18n: Partner Locations > Suppliers > Suppliers -30 bicycles
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.. i18n: Physical Locations > Tiny SPRL > Stock +30 bicycles
61
.. i18n: ================================================== =============
63
.. table:: Stock Move operation from Suppliers to Stock
65
================================================== =============
67
================================================== =============
68
Partner Locations > Suppliers > Suppliers -30 bicycles
69
Physical Locations > Tiny SPRL > Stock +30 bicycles
70
================================================== =============
72
.. i18n: If you deliver 2 bicycles to a European customer you will get the following transactions for the
75
If you deliver 2 bicycles to a European customer you will get the following transactions for the
78
.. i18n: .. table:: Stock Move operation from Stock to European Customers
80
.. i18n: ================================================== =============
81
.. i18n: Location Products
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.. i18n: ================================================== =============
83
.. i18n: Physical Locations > Tiny SPRL > Stock -2 bicycles
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.. i18n: Partner Locations > Customers > European Customers +2 bicycles
85
.. i18n: ================================================== =============
87
.. table:: Stock Move operation from Stock to European Customers
89
================================================== =============
91
================================================== =============
92
Physical Locations > Tiny SPRL > Stock -2 bicycles
93
Partner Locations > Customers > European Customers +2 bicycles
94
================================================== =============
96
.. i18n: When the two operations are complete you'll then get the following stock in each location:
98
When the two operations are complete you'll then get the following stock in each location:
100
.. i18n: .. table:: Resulting stock situation
102
.. i18n: ================================================== =============
103
.. i18n: Location Products
104
.. i18n: ================================================== =============
105
.. i18n: Partner Locations > Suppliers > Suppliers -30 bicycles
106
.. i18n: Physical Locations > Tiny SPRL > Stock +28 bicycles
107
.. i18n: Partner Locations > Customers > European Customers +2 bicycles
108
.. i18n: ================================================== =============
110
.. table:: Resulting stock situation
112
================================================== =============
114
================================================== =============
115
Partner Locations > Suppliers > Suppliers -30 bicycles
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Physical Locations > Tiny SPRL > Stock +28 bicycles
117
Partner Locations > Customers > European Customers +2 bicycles
118
================================================== =============
120
.. i18n: So you can see that the sum of the stocks of a product in all the locations in Open ERP is always
121
.. i18n: zero. In accounting you'd say that the sum of the debits is equal to the sum of the credits.
123
So you can see that the sum of the stocks of a product in all the locations in Open ERP is always
124
zero. In accounting you'd say that the sum of the debits is equal to the sum of the credits.
126
.. i18n: Partner locations (customers and suppliers) aren't located under your company in the hierarchical
127
.. i18n: structure, so their contents are not considered as part of your own stock. So if you look just at
128
.. i18n: the physical locations inside your own company those two bicycles are no longer in your company.
129
.. i18n: They're not in your own physical stock but it's still very useful to see them in your customer's
130
.. i18n: stock because that helps when you carry out detailed stock management analysis.
132
Partner locations (customers and suppliers) aren't located under your company in the hierarchical
133
structure, so their contents are not considered as part of your own stock. So if you look just at
134
the physical locations inside your own company those two bicycles are no longer in your company.
135
They're not in your own physical stock but it's still very useful to see them in your customer's
136
stock because that helps when you carry out detailed stock management analysis.
138
.. i18n: .. note:: Accounts
140
.. i18n: In managing stock, a gap between the data in the software and real quantities in stock is
141
.. i18n: difficult to avoid.
142
.. i18n: Double-entry stock management gives twice as many opportunities to find an error.
143
.. i18n: If you forget two items of stock this error will automatically be reflected in the
144
.. i18n: counterpart's location.
148
In managing stock, a gap between the data in the software and real quantities in stock is
150
Double-entry stock management gives twice as many opportunities to find an error.
151
If you forget two items of stock this error will automatically be reflected in the
152
counterpart's location.
154
.. i18n: You can make a comparison with accounting, where you'll easily find an error because you can look
155
.. i18n: for an anomaly in an account or in the counterparts: if there's not enough in a bank account then that's
156
.. i18n: probably because someone's forgotten to enter a customer's invoice payment. You always know that the
157
.. i18n: sum of debits must equal the sum of the credits in both accounting and Open ERP's stock management.
159
You can make a comparison with accounting, where you'll easily find an error because you can look
160
for an anomaly in an account or in the counterparts: if there's not enough in a bank account then that's
161
probably because someone's forgotten to enter a customer's invoice payment. You always know that the
162
sum of debits must equal the sum of the credits in both accounting and Open ERP's stock management.
164
.. i18n: In accounting, all documents lead to accounting entries that form the basis of management
165
.. i18n: accounting. If you create invoices or code in statements of account, for example, the results of the
166
.. i18n: operations are accounting entries on accounts. And it's the same for stock management in Open ERP.
167
.. i18n: All stock operations are carried out as simple stock moves. Whether you pack items, or manufacture
168
.. i18n: them, or carry out a stock inventory operation, stock moves are carried out every time.
170
In accounting, all documents lead to accounting entries that form the basis of management
171
accounting. If you create invoices or code in statements of account, for example, the results of the
172
operations are accounting entries on accounts. And it's the same for stock management in Open ERP.
173
All stock operations are carried out as simple stock moves. Whether you pack items, or manufacture
174
them, or carry out a stock inventory operation, stock moves are carried out every time.
176
.. i18n: You've seen a fairly simple example of goods receipt and product delivery, but some operations are
177
.. i18n: less obvious – a stock inventory operation, for example. An inventory operation is carried out
178
.. i18n: when you compare the stock shown in software with real stock numbers counted in the stores.
180
You've seen a fairly simple example of goods receipt and product delivery, but some operations are
181
less obvious – a stock inventory operation, for example. An inventory operation is carried out
182
when you compare the stock shown in software with real stock numbers counted in the stores.
185
.. i18n: single: stock; inventory operation
186
.. i18n: single: stock; stock check
189
single: stock; inventory operation
190
single: stock; stock check
192
.. i18n: In Open ERP, with its double-entry stock management, you'd use stock moves for this inventory
193
.. i18n: operation. That helps you manage your stock traceability. If there are 26 Bicycles in real stock but
194
.. i18n: Open ERP shows 28 in the system. You then have to reduce the number in Open ERP to 26. This
195
.. i18n: reduction of 2 units is considered as a loss or destruction of products and the correction is
196
.. i18n: carried out as in the following operation:
198
In Open ERP, with its double-entry stock management, you'd use stock moves for this inventory
199
operation. That helps you manage your stock traceability. If there are 26 Bicycles in real stock but
200
Open ERP shows 28 in the system. You then have to reduce the number in Open ERP to 26. This
201
reduction of 2 units is considered as a loss or destruction of products and the correction is
202
carried out as in the following operation:
204
.. i18n: .. table:: Inventory operation to adjust stock
206
.. i18n: ================================================== =============
207
.. i18n: Location Products
208
.. i18n: ================================================== =============
209
.. i18n: Physical Locations > Tiny SPRL > Stock -2 bicycles
210
.. i18n: Virtual Locations > Inventory Loss +2 bicycles
211
.. i18n: ================================================== =============
213
.. table:: Inventory operation to adjust stock
215
================================================== =============
217
================================================== =============
218
Physical Locations > Tiny SPRL > Stock -2 bicycles
219
Virtual Locations > Inventory Loss +2 bicycles
220
================================================== =============
222
.. i18n: The product stock under consideration then becomes:
224
The product stock under consideration then becomes:
226
.. i18n: .. table:: Real and counterpart stocks when operations are completed
228
.. i18n: ================================================== =============
229
.. i18n: Location Products
230
.. i18n: ================================================== =============
231
.. i18n: Partner Locations > Suppliers > Suppliers -30 bicycles
232
.. i18n: Physical Locations > Tiny SPRL > Stock +26 bicycles
233
.. i18n: Partner Locations > Customers > European Customers +2 bicycles
234
.. i18n: Virtual Locations > Inventory Loss +2 bicycles
235
.. i18n: ================================================== =============
237
.. table:: Real and counterpart stocks when operations are completed
239
================================================== =============
241
================================================== =============
242
Partner Locations > Suppliers > Suppliers -30 bicycles
243
Physical Locations > Tiny SPRL > Stock +26 bicycles
244
Partner Locations > Customers > European Customers +2 bicycles
245
Virtual Locations > Inventory Loss +2 bicycles
246
================================================== =============
248
.. i18n: This example shows one of the great advantages of this approach in terms of performance analysis.
249
.. i18n: After a few months, you can just make a stock valuation of the location ``Virtual Locations >
250
.. i18n: Inventory Loss`` to give you the value of the company's stock losses in the given period.
252
This example shows one of the great advantages of this approach in terms of performance analysis.
253
After a few months, you can just make a stock valuation of the location ``Virtual Locations >
254
Inventory Loss`` to give you the value of the company's stock losses in the given period.
256
.. i18n: Now see how the following manufacturing operation is structured in Open ERP. To make a bicycle you
257
.. i18n: need two wheels and a frame. This means that there should be a reduction of two wheels and a frame
258
.. i18n: from real stock and the addition of a bicycle there. The consumption / production is formalized by
259
.. i18n: moving products out of and into physical stock. The stock operations for this are as follows:
261
Now see how the following manufacturing operation is structured in Open ERP. To make a bicycle you
262
need two wheels and a frame. This means that there should be a reduction of two wheels and a frame
263
from real stock and the addition of a bicycle there. The consumption / production is formalized by
264
moving products out of and into physical stock. The stock operations for this are as follows:
266
.. i18n: .. table:: Stock situation resulting from manufacture
268
.. i18n: ====================================== ========== ================================
269
.. i18n: Location Products Step
270
.. i18n: ====================================== ========== ================================
271
.. i18n: Virtual Locations > Default Production +2 Wheels Consumption of raw materials
272
.. i18n: Physical Locations > Tiny SPRL > Stock -2 Wheels Consumption of raw materials
273
.. i18n: Virtual Locations > Default Production +1 Frame Consumption of raw materials
274
.. i18n: Physical Locations > Tiny SPRL > Stock -1 Frame Consumption of raw materials
275
.. i18n: Virtual Locations > Default Production -1 Bicycle Manufacture of finished products
276
.. i18n: Physical Locations > Tiny SPRL > Stock +1 Bicycle Manufacture of finished products
277
.. i18n: ====================================== ========== ================================
279
.. table:: Stock situation resulting from manufacture
281
====================================== ========== ================================
282
Location Products Step
283
====================================== ========== ================================
284
Virtual Locations > Default Production +2 Wheels Consumption of raw materials
285
Physical Locations > Tiny SPRL > Stock -2 Wheels Consumption of raw materials
286
Virtual Locations > Default Production +1 Frame Consumption of raw materials
287
Physical Locations > Tiny SPRL > Stock -1 Frame Consumption of raw materials
288
Virtual Locations > Default Production -1 Bicycle Manufacture of finished products
289
Physical Locations > Tiny SPRL > Stock +1 Bicycle Manufacture of finished products
290
====================================== ========== ================================
292
.. i18n: So you've now got the outcome you need from the consumption of raw materials and the manufacture of
293
.. i18n: finished products.
295
So you've now got the outcome you need from the consumption of raw materials and the manufacture of
298
.. i18n: .. note:: Assessing created value
300
.. i18n: You might already have noticed a useful effect of this approach:
301
.. i18n: if you do a stock valuation in the ``Default Production`` location you get
302
.. i18n: a statement of value created by your company (as a negative amount).
303
.. i18n: Stock valuation in any given location is calculated by multiplying quantities of products in
304
.. i18n: stock by their cost.
305
.. i18n: In this case the raw material value is deducted from the finished product value.
307
.. note:: Assessing created value
309
You might already have noticed a useful effect of this approach:
310
if you do a stock valuation in the ``Default Production`` location you get
311
a statement of value created by your company (as a negative amount).
312
Stock valuation in any given location is calculated by multiplying quantities of products in
314
In this case the raw material value is deducted from the finished product value.
316
.. i18n: .. Copyright © Open Object Press. All rights reserved.
318
.. Copyright © Open Object Press. All rights reserved.
320
.. i18n: .. You may take electronic copy of this publication and distribute it if you don't
321
.. i18n: .. change the content. You can also print a copy to be read by yourself only.
323
.. You may take electronic copy of this publication and distribute it if you don't
324
.. change the content. You can also print a copy to be read by yourself only.
326
.. i18n: .. We have contracts with different publishers in different countries to sell and
327
.. i18n: .. distribute paper or electronic based versions of this book (translated or not)
328
.. i18n: .. in bookstores. This helps to distribute and promote the Open ERP product. It
329
.. i18n: .. also helps us to create incentives to pay contributors and authors using author
330
.. i18n: .. rights of these sales.
332
.. We have contracts with different publishers in different countries to sell and
333
.. distribute paper or electronic based versions of this book (translated or not)
334
.. in bookstores. This helps to distribute and promote the Open ERP product. It
335
.. also helps us to create incentives to pay contributors and authors using author
336
.. rights of these sales.
338
.. i18n: .. Due to this, grants to translate, modify or sell this book are strictly
339
.. i18n: .. forbidden, unless Tiny SPRL (representing Open Object Press) gives you a
340
.. i18n: .. written authorisation for this.
342
.. Due to this, grants to translate, modify or sell this book are strictly
343
.. forbidden, unless Tiny SPRL (representing Open Object Press) gives you a
344
.. written authorisation for this.
346
.. i18n: .. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and suppliers to distinguish their
347
.. i18n: .. products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book,
348
.. i18n: .. and Open Object Press was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been
349
.. i18n: .. printed in initial capitals.
351
.. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and suppliers to distinguish their
352
.. products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book,
353
.. and Open Object Press was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been
354
.. printed in initial capitals.
356
.. i18n: .. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher
357
.. i18n: .. and the authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages
358
.. i18n: .. resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
360
.. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher
361
.. and the authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages
362
.. resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
364
.. i18n: .. Published by Open Object Press, Grand Rosière, Belgium
366
.. Published by Open Object Press, Grand Rosière, Belgium