2
.. i18n: Logistics Configuration
3
.. i18n: =======================
5
Logistics Configuration
6
=======================
8
.. i18n: In this section you'll see how to configure stock management to match your company's needs. Open ERP
9
.. i18n: can handle many different situations by configuring it to behave as required.
11
In this section you'll see how to configure stock management to match your company's needs. Open ERP
12
can handle many different situations by configuring it to behave as required.
15
.. i18n: single: stock; location
18
single: stock; location
20
.. i18n: Stock locations
21
.. i18n: ---------------
26
.. i18n: You've seen in the preceding sections that the whole of stock management is built on a concept of
27
.. i18n: stock locations. Locations are structured hierarchically to account for the subdivision of a
28
.. i18n: warehouse into sections, aisles, and/or cupboards. The hierarchical view also enables you to
29
.. i18n: structure virtual locations such as production counterparts. That gives you a finer level of
32
You've seen in the preceding sections that the whole of stock management is built on a concept of
33
stock locations. Locations are structured hierarchically to account for the subdivision of a
34
warehouse into sections, aisles, and/or cupboards. The hierarchical view also enables you to
35
structure virtual locations such as production counterparts. That gives you a finer level of
38
.. i18n: Use the menu :menuselection:`Stock Management --> Configuration --> Locations` then click
39
.. i18n: :guilabel:`New` to define new locations.
41
Use the menu :menuselection:`Stock Management --> Configuration --> Locations` then click
42
:guilabel:`New` to define new locations.
44
.. i18n: .. figure:: images/stock_location_form.png
46
.. i18n: :align: center
48
.. i18n: *Definition of a stock location*
50
.. figure:: images/stock_location_form.png
54
*Definition of a stock location*
56
.. i18n: You should then give a name to your stock location. Now look at location types and localization.
58
You should then give a name to your stock location. Now look at location types and localization.
61
.. i18n: single: stock; location type
64
single: stock; location type
66
.. i18n: Location types
67
.. i18n: --------------
72
.. i18n: The location must have one of the following types:
74
The location must have one of the following types:
76
.. i18n: * View: shows that the location is only an organizational node for the hierarchical structure, and
77
.. i18n: can't be involved in stock moves itself. The view type is not usually made into a leaf node in a
78
.. i18n: structure – it usually has children.
80
.. i18n: * Customer: destination for products sent to customers,
82
.. i18n: * Supplier: source of products received from suppliers,
84
.. i18n: * Internal: locations for your own stock,
86
.. i18n: * Inventory: the counterpart for inventory operations used to correct stock levels,
88
.. i18n: * Production: the counterpart for production operations; receipt of raw material and sending
89
.. i18n: finished products,
91
.. i18n: * Procurement: the counterpart for procurement operations when you don't yet know the source
92
.. i18n: (supplier or production). Products in this location should be zero after the scheduler run
95
* View: shows that the location is only an organizational node for the hierarchical structure, and
96
can't be involved in stock moves itself. The view type is not usually made into a leaf node in a
97
structure – it usually has children.
99
* Customer: destination for products sent to customers,
101
* Supplier: source of products received from suppliers,
103
* Internal: locations for your own stock,
105
* Inventory: the counterpart for inventory operations used to correct stock levels,
107
* Production: the counterpart for production operations; receipt of raw material and sending
110
* Procurement: the counterpart for procurement operations when you don't yet know the source
111
(supplier or production). Products in this location should be zero after the scheduler run
114
.. i18n: You can have several locations of the same type. In that case your product, supplier and warehouse
115
.. i18n: configurations determine the location that's to be used for any given operation.
117
You can have several locations of the same type. In that case your product, supplier and warehouse
118
configurations determine the location that's to be used for any given operation.
120
.. i18n: The counterparts for procurement, inventory and production operations are given by the locations
121
.. i18n: shown on the product form. The counterparts of reception and delivery operations are given by the
122
.. i18n: locations shown on the partner form. The choice of stock location is given by the configuration of
123
.. i18n: the warehouse, linked to a Shop.
125
The counterparts for procurement, inventory and production operations are given by the locations
126
shown on the product form. The counterparts of reception and delivery operations are given by the
127
locations shown on the partner form. The choice of stock location is given by the configuration of
128
the warehouse, linked to a Shop.
130
.. i18n: .. figure:: images/stock_product_location_form.png
132
.. i18n: :align: center
134
.. i18n: *Definition of stock locations on the product form*
136
.. figure:: images/stock_product_location_form.png
140
*Definition of stock locations on the product form*
142
.. i18n: .. figure:: images/stock_partner_location_form.png
144
.. i18n: :align: center
146
.. i18n: *Definition of stock locations on the partner form*
148
.. figure:: images/stock_partner_location_form.png
152
*Definition of stock locations on the partner form*
155
.. i18n: single: stock; localization
158
single: stock; localization
160
.. i18n: Localization
161
.. i18n: ------------
166
.. i18n: Each location can be given an address. That enables you to create a location for a customer or a
167
.. i18n: supplier, for example. You can then give it the address of that customer or supplier. You should
168
.. i18n: indicate to Open ERP on the partner form that it should use this location rather than the default
169
.. i18n: location given to partner deliveries.
171
Each location can be given an address. That enables you to create a location for a customer or a
172
supplier, for example. You can then give it the address of that customer or supplier. You should
173
indicate to Open ERP on the partner form that it should use this location rather than the default
174
location given to partner deliveries.
176
.. i18n: .. tip:: Subcontracting production
178
.. i18n: You'll see in the chapter, :ref:`ch-mnf`, that it is possible to assign a location to a
179
.. i18n: manufacturing workcenter.
180
.. i18n: If this location is at a supplier's you must give it an address so that Open ERP can prepare a
181
.. i18n: delivery order
182
.. i18n: for the supplier and a receive operation for the manufactured goods.
184
.. i18n: Creating a location specifically for a partner is also a simple solution for handled consigned
185
.. i18n: stocks in Open ERP.
187
.. tip:: Subcontracting production
189
You'll see in the chapter, :ref:`ch-mnf`, that it is possible to assign a location to a
190
manufacturing workcenter.
191
If this location is at a supplier's you must give it an address so that Open ERP can prepare a
193
for the supplier and a receive operation for the manufactured goods.
195
Creating a location specifically for a partner is also a simple solution for handled consigned
198
.. i18n: .. note:: Consigned Stock
200
.. i18n: Consigned stock is stock that is owned by you (valued in your accounts) but is physically
201
.. i18n: stocked by your supplier.
202
.. i18n: Or, conversely, it could be stock owned by your customer (not valued by you) but stocked in your
205
.. note:: Consigned Stock
207
Consigned stock is stock that is owned by you (valued in your accounts) but is physically
208
stocked by your supplier.
209
Or, conversely, it could be stock owned by your customer (not valued by you) but stocked in your
212
.. i18n: To enable you to consolidate easily at a higher level, the location definition is hierarchical. This
213
.. i18n: structure is given by the field :guilabel:`Parent location`. That also enables you to manage complex
214
.. i18n: cases of product localization. For example, you could imagine the following scenario.
216
To enable you to consolidate easily at a higher level, the location definition is hierarchical. This
217
structure is given by the field :guilabel:`Parent location`. That also enables you to manage complex
218
cases of product localization. For example, you could imagine the following scenario.
220
.. i18n: Example Structure for two warehouses
221
.. i18n: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
223
Example Structure for two warehouses
224
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
226
.. i18n: A company has a warehouse in Paris and in Bordeaux. For some orders you must deliver the products
227
.. i18n: from Paris, and for others from Bordeaux. But you should also specify a fictitious warehouse that
228
.. i18n: Open ERP uses to calculate if it should deliver products from Paris or from Bordeaux.
230
A company has a warehouse in Paris and in Bordeaux. For some orders you must deliver the products
231
from Paris, and for others from Bordeaux. But you should also specify a fictitious warehouse that
232
Open ERP uses to calculate if it should deliver products from Paris or from Bordeaux.
234
.. i18n: To do this in Open ERP, you'd create a third warehouse 'France' which consolidates the warehouses in
235
.. i18n: Paris and Bordeaux. You create the following physical locations:
237
To do this in Open ERP, you'd create a third warehouse 'France' which consolidates the warehouses in
238
Paris and Bordeaux. You create the following physical locations:
244
.. i18n: * Warehouses France
246
.. i18n: * Warehouse Paris
248
.. i18n: * Warehouse Bordeaux
260
.. i18n: Open ERP will then deliver the goods from the warehouse that has the ordered product in stock. When
261
.. i18n: products are available in several warehouses, Open ERP will select the nearest warehouse. To
262
.. i18n: formalize the notion of distance between warehouses you should use the geographic co-ordinates (X,
263
.. i18n: Y, Z) of the different stores to enable Open ERP to search for the nearest goods.
265
Open ERP will then deliver the goods from the warehouse that has the ordered product in stock. When
266
products are available in several warehouses, Open ERP will select the nearest warehouse. To
267
formalize the notion of distance between warehouses you should use the geographic co-ordinates (X,
268
Y, Z) of the different stores to enable Open ERP to search for the nearest goods.
270
.. i18n: The same co-ordinates could also be used to structure the shelves, aisles and interior rooms in a
273
The same co-ordinates could also be used to structure the shelves, aisles and interior rooms in a
277
.. i18n: single: stock; real time valutation
280
single: stock; real time valutation
282
.. i18n: Accounting valuation in real time
283
.. i18n: ---------------------------------
285
Accounting valuation in real time
286
---------------------------------
289
.. i18n: single: accountant
294
.. i18n: If you have experience of managing with traditional software you'll know the problem of getting
295
.. i18n: useful indicators. If you ask your accountant for a stock valuation or the value added by production
296
.. i18n: he'll give you a figure. If you ask for the same figure from your stores manager you'll get an
297
.. i18n: entirely different amount. You have no idea who's right!
299
If you have experience of managing with traditional software you'll know the problem of getting
300
useful indicators. If you ask your accountant for a stock valuation or the value added by production
301
he'll give you a figure. If you ask for the same figure from your stores manager you'll get an
302
entirely different amount. You have no idea who's right!
304
.. i18n: In Open ERP the management of stock is completely integrated with the accounts, to give strong
305
.. i18n: coherence between the two systems. The double-entry structure of locations enables a very precise
306
.. i18n: correspondence between stocks and accounts.
308
In Open ERP the management of stock is completely integrated with the accounts, to give strong
309
coherence between the two systems. The double-entry structure of locations enables a very precise
310
correspondence between stocks and accounts.
312
.. i18n: Each stock movement also generates a corresponding accounting entry in an accounting journal to
313
.. i18n: ensure that the two systems can stay in permanent synchronization.
315
Each stock movement also generates a corresponding accounting entry in an accounting journal to
316
ensure that the two systems can stay in permanent synchronization.
318
.. i18n: To do that, set up a general account for each location that should be valued in your accounts. If a
319
.. i18n: product goes to one location or another and the accounts are different in the two locations, Open
320
.. i18n: ERP automatically generates the corresponding accounting entries in the accounts, in the stock
323
To do that, set up a general account for each location that should be valued in your accounts. If a
324
product goes to one location or another and the accounts are different in the two locations, Open
325
ERP automatically generates the corresponding accounting entries in the accounts, in the stock
328
.. i18n: If a stock move will go from a location without an account to a location where an account has been
329
.. i18n: assigned (for example goods receipt from a supplier order), Open ERP generates an accounting entry
330
.. i18n: using the properties defined in the product form for the counterpart. You can use different accounts
331
.. i18n: per location or link several location to the same account, depending on the level of analysis
334
If a stock move will go from a location without an account to a location where an account has been
335
assigned (for example goods receipt from a supplier order), Open ERP generates an accounting entry
336
using the properties defined in the product form for the counterpart. You can use different accounts
337
per location or link several location to the same account, depending on the level of analysis
340
.. i18n: You use this system for managing consigned stocks:
342
You use this system for managing consigned stocks:
344
.. i18n: * a supplier location that is valued in your own accounts or,
346
.. i18n: * a location in your own company that isn't valued in your accounts.
348
* a supplier location that is valued in your own accounts or,
350
* a location in your own company that isn't valued in your accounts.
353
.. i18n: single: chained location
354
.. i18n: single: location; chained
357
single: chained location
358
single: location; chained
360
.. i18n: Linked locations
361
.. i18n: ----------------
366
.. i18n: Locations in Open ERP can be linked between each other to define paths followed by products. So you
367
.. i18n: can then define rules such as: all products that enter the warehouse must automatically be sent to
368
.. i18n: quality control. The warehouse and quality control are represented by two different locations.
370
Locations in Open ERP can be linked between each other to define paths followed by products. So you
371
can then define rules such as: all products that enter the warehouse must automatically be sent to
372
quality control. The warehouse and quality control are represented by two different locations.
374
.. i18n: Then when a product arrives in a location, Open ERP can automatically suggest that you send the
375
.. i18n: product to another linked location. Three link modes are available:
377
Then when a product arrives in a location, Open ERP can automatically suggest that you send the
378
product to another linked location. Three link modes are available:
382
.. i18n: * Automatic,
384
.. i18n: * Automatic without steps.
390
* Automatic without steps.
392
.. i18n: The manual mode will create an internal move order to the linked location once products arrive in
393
.. i18n: the source locations. This order will wait for a confirmation of the move by a user. This enables
394
.. i18n: you to have a list of moves to do, proposed by the system and confirmed by the storesperson.
396
The manual mode will create an internal move order to the linked location once products arrive in
397
the source locations. This order will wait for a confirmation of the move by a user. This enables
398
you to have a list of moves to do, proposed by the system and confirmed by the storesperson.
401
.. i18n: single: module; stock_location
404
single: module; stock_location
406
.. i18n: .. tip:: Product Logistics
408
.. i18n: The module :mod:`stock_location` lets you generate paths to follow, not just at the level of
409
.. i18n: locations but also at the level of products.
410
.. i18n: It then enables you to manage default locations for a given product or to refer to the products
411
.. i18n: as a function of
412
.. i18n: operations such as quality control, supplier receipt, and after-sales service.
414
.. i18n: A more detailed explanation of this module, with examples, is given at the end of this chapter.
416
.. tip:: Product Logistics
418
The module :mod:`stock_location` lets you generate paths to follow, not just at the level of
419
locations but also at the level of products.
420
It then enables you to manage default locations for a given product or to refer to the products
422
operations such as quality control, supplier receipt, and after-sales service.
424
A more detailed explanation of this module, with examples, is given at the end of this chapter.
426
.. i18n: The automatic mode will do the same but won't wait for a confirmation from the user. Products will
427
.. i18n: automatically be sent to the linked location without any intervening manual operation to do. This
428
.. i18n: corresponds to the case where, for simplicity, you delete a step in the process so the end user can
429
.. i18n: set off the process automatically.
431
The automatic mode will do the same but won't wait for a confirmation from the user. Products will
432
automatically be sent to the linked location without any intervening manual operation to do. This
433
corresponds to the case where, for simplicity, you delete a step in the process so the end user can
434
set off the process automatically.
436
.. i18n: The ``automatic without steps`` mode won't include the additional stock move but will change the
437
.. i18n: destination move transparently to assign the linked the location. You could then assign a
438
.. i18n: destination location to which you send all the products that arrive in your warehouse. The
439
.. i18n: storesperson will modify the goods receipt note.
441
The ``automatic without steps`` mode won't include the additional stock move but will change the
442
destination move transparently to assign the linked the location. You could then assign a
443
destination location to which you send all the products that arrive in your warehouse. The
444
storesperson will modify the goods receipt note.
446
.. i18n: If there is a linkage to do, the field :guilabel:`Type of linked location` lets the destination
447
.. i18n: location be determined. If the field is set to 'customer', the location is given by the properties
448
.. i18n: of the partner form. If the field is set to ``fixed`` , the destination location is given by the field
449
.. i18n: :guilabel:`Location if link is fixed`.
451
If there is a linkage to do, the field :guilabel:`Type of linked location` lets the destination
452
location be determined. If the field is set to 'customer', the location is given by the properties
453
of the partner form. If the field is set to ``fixed`` , the destination location is given by the field
454
:guilabel:`Location if link is fixed`.
456
.. i18n: Some operations take a certain time between order and execution. To account for this lead time, you
457
.. i18n: can set a value in days in the field :guilabel:`Link lead time`. Then the extra move (automatic or
458
.. i18n: not) will be carried out several days after the original move. If you use the mode ``automatic
459
.. i18n: without steps``, the lead time is inserted directly into the initial order. In this way you can add
460
.. i18n: security lead times at certain control points in the warehouse.
462
Some operations take a certain time between order and execution. To account for this lead time, you
463
can set a value in days in the field :guilabel:`Link lead time`. Then the extra move (automatic or
464
not) will be carried out several days after the original move. If you use the mode ``automatic
465
without steps``, the lead time is inserted directly into the initial order. In this way you can add
466
security lead times at certain control points in the warehouse.
468
.. i18n: Case of structuring locations
469
.. i18n: -----------------------------
471
Case of structuring locations
472
-----------------------------
474
.. i18n: You'll see in the next part that linking locations lets you manage a whole series of complex cases
475
.. i18n: in managing production efficiently:
477
You'll see in the next part that linking locations lets you manage a whole series of complex cases
478
in managing production efficiently:
480
.. i18n: * handling multiple operations for a customer order,
482
.. i18n: * tracking import and export by sea transport,
484
.. i18n: * managing a production chain in detail,
486
.. i18n: * managing rented products,
488
.. i18n: * managing consigned products.
490
* handling multiple operations for a customer order,
492
* tracking import and export by sea transport,
494
* managing a production chain in detail,
496
* managing rented products,
498
* managing consigned products.
500
.. i18n: To show these concepts, five cases of structuring and configuring these locations are given below.
501
.. i18n: Many other configurations are possible depending on needs.
503
To show these concepts, five cases of structuring and configuring these locations are given below.
504
Many other configurations are possible depending on needs.
506
.. i18n: Handling customer orders
507
.. i18n: ------------------------
509
Handling customer orders
510
------------------------
512
.. i18n: Customer orders are usually handled in one of two ways:
514
Customer orders are usually handled in one of two ways:
516
.. i18n: * item note (or preparation order), confirmed when the item is ready to send,
518
.. i18n: * delivery order (or freight note), confirmed when the transporter has delivered the item to a
521
* item note (or preparation order), confirmed when the item is ready to send,
523
* delivery order (or freight note), confirmed when the transporter has delivered the item to a
526
.. i18n: You use the following stock move in Open ERP to simulate these operations:
528
You use the following stock move in Open ERP to simulate these operations:
530
.. i18n: * Packing Note: Stock > Output,
532
.. i18n: * Delivery Order: Output > Customer.
534
* Packing Note: Stock > Output,
536
* Delivery Order: Output > Customer.
538
.. i18n: The first operation is automatically generated by the customer order. The second is then generated
539
.. i18n: by the stock management by showing that the ``Output`` location is linked to the ``Customer`` location.
540
.. i18n: That then gives the two operations waiting. If the ``Output`` location isn't situated beneath the
541
.. i18n: stock location you then have to move the item from stock to the place that the item is prepared.
543
The first operation is automatically generated by the customer order. The second is then generated
544
by the stock management by showing that the ``Output`` location is linked to the ``Customer`` location.
545
That then gives the two operations waiting. If the ``Output`` location isn't situated beneath the
546
stock location you then have to move the item from stock to the place that the item is prepared.
548
.. i18n: Some companies don't want to work in two steps, because it just seems like extra work to have to
549
.. i18n: confirm a delivery note in the system. You can then set the link mode to 'Automatic' to make Open
550
.. i18n: ERP automatically confirm the second step. It's then assumed the all the items have automatically
551
.. i18n: been delivered to the customer.
553
Some companies don't want to work in two steps, because it just seems like extra work to have to
554
confirm a delivery note in the system. You can then set the link mode to 'Automatic' to make Open
555
ERP automatically confirm the second step. It's then assumed the all the items have automatically
556
been delivered to the customer.
559
.. i18n: single: linked production
562
single: linked production
564
.. i18n: Linked Production
565
.. i18n: -----------------
570
.. i18n: The :mod:`stock_location` module enables you to manage the linkages by product in addition to doing
571
.. i18n: that by location. You can then create a location structure that represents your production chain by
574
The :mod:`stock_location` module enables you to manage the linkages by product in addition to doing
575
that by location. You can then create a location structure that represents your production chain by
578
.. i18n: The location structure looks like this:
580
The location structure looks like this:
590
.. i18n: * Operation 1
592
.. i18n: * Operation 2
594
.. i18n: * Operation 3
596
.. i18n: * Operation 4
614
.. i18n: You can then set the locations a product or a routing must go through on the relevant form. All
615
.. i18n: products that enter the production chain will automatically follow the predetermined path.
617
You can then set the locations a product or a routing must go through on the relevant form. All
618
products that enter the production chain will automatically follow the predetermined path.
620
.. i18n: .. figure:: images/stock_product_path.png
622
.. i18n: :align: center
624
.. i18n: *Logistics for a given product*
626
.. figure:: images/stock_product_path.png
630
*Logistics for a given product*
632
.. i18n: To improve your logistics, you'll see further on in this chapter how you can put minimum stock rules
633
.. i18n: onto different locations to guarantee security stocks for assembly operators. Reports on the state
634
.. i18n: of stocks in different locations will rapidly show you the bottlenecks in your production chain.
636
To improve your logistics, you'll see further on in this chapter how you can put minimum stock rules
637
onto different locations to guarantee security stocks for assembly operators. Reports on the state
638
of stocks in different locations will rapidly show you the bottlenecks in your production chain.
640
.. i18n: .. Copyright © Open Object Press. All rights reserved.
642
.. Copyright © Open Object Press. All rights reserved.
644
.. i18n: .. You may take electronic copy of this publication and distribute it if you don't
645
.. i18n: .. change the content. You can also print a copy to be read by yourself only.
647
.. You may take electronic copy of this publication and distribute it if you don't
648
.. change the content. You can also print a copy to be read by yourself only.
650
.. i18n: .. We have contracts with different publishers in different countries to sell and
651
.. i18n: .. distribute paper or electronic based versions of this book (translated or not)
652
.. i18n: .. in bookstores. This helps to distribute and promote the Open ERP product. It
653
.. i18n: .. also helps us to create incentives to pay contributors and authors using author
654
.. i18n: .. rights of these sales.
656
.. We have contracts with different publishers in different countries to sell and
657
.. distribute paper or electronic based versions of this book (translated or not)
658
.. in bookstores. This helps to distribute and promote the Open ERP product. It
659
.. also helps us to create incentives to pay contributors and authors using author
660
.. rights of these sales.
662
.. i18n: .. Due to this, grants to translate, modify or sell this book are strictly
663
.. i18n: .. forbidden, unless Tiny SPRL (representing Open Object Press) gives you a
664
.. i18n: .. written authorisation for this.
666
.. Due to this, grants to translate, modify or sell this book are strictly
667
.. forbidden, unless Tiny SPRL (representing Open Object Press) gives you a
668
.. written authorisation for this.
670
.. i18n: .. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and suppliers to distinguish their
671
.. i18n: .. products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book,
672
.. i18n: .. and Open Object Press was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been
673
.. i18n: .. printed in initial capitals.
675
.. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and suppliers to distinguish their
676
.. products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book,
677
.. and Open Object Press was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been
678
.. printed in initial capitals.
680
.. i18n: .. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher
681
.. i18n: .. and the authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages
682
.. i18n: .. resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
684
.. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher
685
.. and the authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages
686
.. resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
688
.. i18n: .. Published by Open Object Press, Grand Rosière, Belgium
690
.. Published by Open Object Press, Grand Rosière, Belgium