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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../../libs/global.ent">
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<!-- NAMES --><!ENTITY canonical-name "Canonical Ltd.">
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<!ENTITY project-name "Ubuntu Documentation Project">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>">
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<!ENTITY sg-title "Server Guide">
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<!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY distro-version "Jaunty Jackalope">
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<!ENTITY distro-rev "9.04">
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<!ENTITY distro-release-date "April 2009">
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<!ENTITY distro-short-codename "jaunty">
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<!ENTITY distro-apt-cd-name "Ubuntu 9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope">
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<!ENTITY linux-kernel-version "2.6.28">
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<!ENTITY gcc-version "4.3.3">
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<!ENTITY glibc-version "2.9">
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<!ENTITY python-version "2.5.4">
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<!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM "../common/C/glossary.xml">
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<!-- LEGAL URLs --><!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../libs/C/legalnotice.xml">
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<!ENTITY gpl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc "http://creativecommons.org/">
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<!ENTITY cc-attrib '<ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-fulldeed-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode/">
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<!ENTITY fdl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en">
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<!-- CANONICAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY canonical-url "http://www.canonical.com">
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<!-- OTHER UBUNTU RELATED RESOURCES --><!ENTITY upstart-url "http://upstart.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU IRC INFORMATION --><!ENTITY irc-network "Freenode">
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<!ENTITY irc-server "irc.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #ubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #xubuntu">
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<!ENTITY edubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #edubuntu">
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<!-- UBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY ubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-dpkgfile "ubuntu5.10.tar">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-web "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-main "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-download "http://www.ubuntu.com/download">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-forums "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-components "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-wiki "http://wiki.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-bugzilla "https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-bugs "https://launchpad.net/products/ubuntu-doc/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-support "http://www.ubuntu.com/support">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-paidsupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/paid">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-freesupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/free">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-comments "http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=21787">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation "http://help.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation-repos "https://docteam.ubuntu.com/repos/trunk">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-team "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-list "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-doc">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-shipit "http://shipit.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-launchpad "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-rosetta "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com/rosetta">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-planet "http://planet.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-philosophy "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-participate "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-marketplace "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/marketplace">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-hwdb "http://hwdb.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU WIKI RESOURCES --><!ENTITY wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY restricted-formats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RestrictedFormats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-XChatHowto "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/XChatHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RootSudo "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">
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<!ENTITY wiki-HowToGetHelp "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToGetHelp">
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<!ENTITY transcode "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DVDRippingandEncoding">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Wine "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wine">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Cedega "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Cedega">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Nano "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NanoHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-locoteams "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeamList">
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<!ENTITY wiki-BasicCommands "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BasicCommands">
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<!ENTITY wiki-filepermissions "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions">
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<!-- KUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY kubuntu-web "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-main "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-download "http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com/edgy/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-cdpackages-nodefault "http://people.ubuntu.com/~cjwatson/seeds/kubuntu-edgy/ship">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-users "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-devel "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-devel/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-mirrors "http://distrowatch.com/kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-forums "http://kubuntuforums.net">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki "https://wiki.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-documentation-site "http://www.kubuntu.org/documentation.php">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-support "http://www.kubuntu.org/support.php">
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<!-- XUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY xubuntu-web "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-main "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-web-help "http://www.xubuntu.org/help">
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<!-- DEBIAN RESOURCES --><!ENTITY debian-apt "http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">
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<!-- EXTERNAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY linmodem "http://www.linmodems.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnome "http://www.gnome.org/">
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<!ENTITY linuxorg "http://www.linux.org/">
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<!ENTITY ooo "http://www.openoffice.org/">
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<!ENTITY kde "http://www.kde.org/">
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<!ENTITY lugww "http://lugww.counter.li.org/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-watch "http://distrowatch.com/ubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY realplayer-download "http://www.real.com/linux/">
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<!ENTITY nvu-download "http://www.nvu.com/download.html">
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<!ENTITY sunjava-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY xorg "http://www.x.org">
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<!ENTITY dyndns "http://www.dyndns.org">
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<!ENTITY shoutcast "http://www.shoutcast.com/">
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<!ENTITY freedomtoaster "http://www.freedomtoaster.org/">
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<!ENTITY xfce "http://www.xfce.org/">
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<!-- ubuntu-screenshots TODO --><!ENTITY kubuntu-screenshots "http://shots.osdir.com/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla "http://www.mozilla.org/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla-firefox "http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">
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<!ENTITY gnu "http://www.gnu.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnu-philosophy "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">
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<!ENTITY win4lin "http://www.win4lin.com">
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<!ENTITY codeweavers "http://www.codeweavers.com">
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<!ENTITY kernel "http://www.kernel.org">
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<!ENTITY google "http://www.google.com">
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<!ENTITY kdelook " http://www.kde-look.org">
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<!ENTITY lulu-store "http://www.lulu.com/ubuntu-doc">
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<!-- this entity controls the url for addons--><!ENTITY java-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY skype-deb "skype_1.2.0.17-1_i386.deb">
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<!ENTITY skype-download "http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-gz "scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-url "http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/packages/scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY ext2fs-url "http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html">
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<!ENTITY mvb-tar "mvb_1.6.tgz">
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<!ENTITY mvb-url "http://www.xscd.com/pub/mvb/&mvb-tar;">
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<!-- TLDP --><!ENTITY ldp-pre-install-check "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Pre-Installation-Checklist/">
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<!-- LANGUAGES (sorted by two letter code)--><!ENTITY Afar "aa">
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<!ENTITY Abkhazian "ab">
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<!ENTITY Afrikaans "af">
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<!ENTITY Amharic "af">
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<!ENTITY Arabic "ar">
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<!ENTITY Assamese "as">
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<!ENTITY Aymara "ay">
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<!ENTITY Azerbaijani "az">
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<!ENTITY Bashkir "ba">
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<!ENTITY Byelorussian "be">
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<!ENTITY Bulgarian "bg">
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<!ENTITY Bihari "bh">
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<!ENTITY Bislama "bi">
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<!ENTITY Bangla "bn">
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<!ENTITY Bengali "bn">
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<!ENTITY Tibetan "bo">
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<!ENTITY Breton "br">
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<!ENTITY Catalan "ca">
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<!ENTITY Corsican "co">
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<!ENTITY Danish "da">
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<!ENTITY German "de">
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<!ENTITY Bhutani "dz">
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<!-- <!ENTITY EnglishAmerican 'en'> --><!ENTITY EnglishAmerican "C">
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<!ENTITY Esperanto "eo">
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<!ENTITY Spanish "es">
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<!ENTITY Estonian "et">
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<!ENTITY Basque "eu">
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<!ENTITY Persian "fa">
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<!ENTITY Finnish "fi">
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<!ENTITY Faeroese "fo">
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<!ENTITY French "fr">
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<!ENTITY Frisian "fy">
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<!ENTITY Gaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY ScotsGaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY Galician "gl">
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<!ENTITY Guarani "gn">
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<!ENTITY Gujarati "gu">
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<!ENTITY Croatian "hr">
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<!ENTITY Hungarian "hu">
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<!ENTITY Armenian "hy">
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<!ENTITY Interlingua "ia">
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<!ENTITY Interlingue "ie">
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<!ENTITY Inupiak "ik">
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<!ENTITY Indonesian "in">
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<!ENTITY Icelandic "is">
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<!ENTITY Italian "it">
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<!ENTITY Hebrew "iw">
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<!ENTITY Japanese "ja">
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<!ENTITY Yiddish "ji">
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<!ENTITY Javanese "jw">
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<!ENTITY Georgian "ka">
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<!ENTITY Kazakh "kk">
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<!ENTITY Greenlandic "kl">
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<!ENTITY Cambodian "km">
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<!ENTITY Kannada "kn">
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<!ENTITY Korean "ko">
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<!ENTITY Kashmiri "ks">
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<!ENTITY Kurdish "ku">
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<!ENTITY Kirghiz "ky">
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<!ENTITY Lingala "ln">
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<!ENTITY Laothian "lo">
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<!ENTITY Lithuanian "lt">
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<!ENTITY Latvian "lv">
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<!ENTITY Lettish "lv">
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<!ENTITY Malagasy "mg">
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<!ENTITY Macedonian "mk">
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<!ENTITY Malayalam "ml">
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<!ENTITY Mongolian "mn">
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<!ENTITY Moldavian "mo">
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<!ENTITY Marathi "mr">
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<!ENTITY Maltese "mt">
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<!ENTITY Burmese "my">
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<!ENTITY Nepali "ne">
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<!ENTITY Norwegian "no">
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<!ENTITY Occitan "oc">
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<!ENTITY Punjabi "pa">
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<!ENTITY Polish "pl">
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<!ENTITY Pushto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Pashto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Portuguese "pt">
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<!ENTITY Quechua "qu">
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<!ENTITY Rhaeto-Romance "rm">
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<!ENTITY Kirundi "rn">
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<!ENTITY Romanian "ro">
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<!ENTITY Russian "ru">
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<!ENTITY Kinyarwanda "rw">
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<!ENTITY Sanskrit "sa">
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<!ENTITY Sindhi "sd">
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<!ENTITY Sangro "sg">
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<!ENTITY Serbo-Croatian "sh">
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<!ENTITY Singhalese "si">
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<!ENTITY Slovak "sk">
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<!ENTITY Slovenian "sl">
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<!ENTITY Samoan "sm">
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<!ENTITY Somali "so">
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<!ENTITY Albanian "sq">
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<!ENTITY Serbian "sr">
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<!ENTITY Siswati "ss">
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<!ENTITY Sesotho "st">
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<!ENTITY Sudanese "su">
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<!ENTITY Swedish "sv">
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<!ENTITY Swahili "sw">
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<!ENTITY Tegulu "te">
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<!ENTITY Tigrinya "ti">
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<!ENTITY Turkmen "tk">
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<!ENTITY Tagalog "tl">
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<!ENTITY Setswana "tn">
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<!ENTITY Turkish "tr">
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<!ENTITY Tsonga "ts">
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<!ENTITY Ukrainian "uk">
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<!ENTITY Vietnamese "vi">
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<!ENTITY Volapuk "vo">
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<!ENTITY Yoruba "yo">
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<!ENTITY Chinese "zh">
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<!ENTITY % cdo-C SYSTEM "../../../libs/cdo-C.ent">
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<!-- COMMON DOC OBJECTS --><!ENTITY copyright SYSTEM "../common/C/copyright.xml">
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<!ENTITY conventions SYSTEM "../common/C/conventions.xml">
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<!ENTITY feedback SYSTEM "../common/C/feedback.xml">
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<!ENTITY publisher SYSTEM "../common/C/publisher.xml">
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<!ENTITY disclaimer SYSTEM "../common/C/disclaimer.xml">
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<!ENTITY inline-ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/inlinemediaobject-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY inline-ubuntu-icon-header SYSTEM "../common/C/inlinemediaobject-ubuntu-icon-header.xml">
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<!ENTITY relative-ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/mediaobject-relative-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/mediaobject-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY gpl SYSTEM "../common/C/gpl.xml">
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<!ENTITY fdl SYSTEM "../common/C/fdl.xml">
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<!ENTITY cc-by-sa SYSTEM "../common/C/ccbysa.xml">
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<!ENTITY licenses SYSTEM "../common/C/licenses.xml">
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<!ENTITY klegalnotice SYSTEM "legalnotice.xml">
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<!ENTITY % kde SYSTEM "../../../libs/kde.ent">
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<!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY kde-version "4.2.1">
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<!ENTITY adept "Adept">
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<!ENTITY appshort "<application>Adept</application>">
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<!ENTITY different-user "kdesudo">
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<!ENTITY % kde-menus-C SYSTEM "../../../libs/kde-menus-C.ent">
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<!-- Application Launcher Screenshots before Keyboard Shortcuts section --><!-- KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS AT THE VERY END --><!-- KDE MENU Entries Organized as the the show up in the Application Launcher (kickoff) --><!-- APLICATION LAUNCHER MENUS
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This will help us shorten the amount of typing we have to do for adding new
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menu items. It is pretty straight forward.
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--><!-- Common Stuff --><!ENTITY mal "<guimenu>Application Launcher</guimenu>">
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<!ENTITY malapp "&mal;<guisubmenu>Applications</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malfav "&mal;<guisubmenu>Favorites</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malcmp "&mal;<guisubmenu>Computer</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY maluse "&mal;<guisubmenu>Recently Used</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY mallve "&mal;<guisubmenu>Leave</guisubmenu>">
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<!-- Applications Submenus --><!ENTITY maldev "&mal;<guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY maledu "&mal;<guisubmenu>Education</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malgms "&mal;<guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malgrp "&mal;<guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malnet "&mal;<guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malmmd "&mal;<guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY maloff "&mal;<guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malset "&mal;<guisubmenu>Settings</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malsys "&mal;<guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malutl "&mal;<guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>">
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<!-- APPLICATIONS --><!ENTITY menuhelp "<menuchoice>&malapp;<guimenuitem>Help</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Development --><!ENTITY menueclipse "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Eclipse</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugambas "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Gambas</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukdevelop "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>KDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menumonodev "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>MonoDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menumonodoc "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>MonoDoc</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuqt4designer "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Qt4 Designer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menudevhelp "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Devhelp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Education --><!-- Favorites --><!ENTITY menusysset "<menuchoice><guimenu>Application Launcher</guimenu>
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<guisubmenu>Favorites</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>System Settings</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Games --><!--Graphics --><!ENTITY menudigikam "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Photo Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugimp "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Gimp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugwenview "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Image Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuinkscape "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Inkscape</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukooka "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Scan & OCR Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukpdf "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>PDF Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukrita "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Painting and Image Editing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuksnap "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Screen Capture Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuscribus "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Scribus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuoodraw "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Drawing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menublender "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Blender</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Internet --><!ENTITY menubluechat "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Bluetooth Chat</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menublueobex "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Bluetooth OBEX Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuff "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuknetmgr "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Network Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukonqi "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukonv "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>IRC Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukopete "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Instant Messager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukppp "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Internet Dial-Up Tool</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukrdc "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Remote Desktop Connection</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukrfb "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Desktop Sharing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuktorrent "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>BitTorrent Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuakregator "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Akregator - RSS Feed Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuquassel "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>IRC Client (Quassel IRC)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Multimedia --><!ENTITY menuk3b "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>CD & DVD Burning (K3b)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuamarok "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Music Player (Amarok)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menudragon "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Video Player (Dragon)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukino "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Kino</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuaudacity "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Audacity</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Office --><!ENTITY menukontact "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Personal Information Manager (Kontact)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuooimpress "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Presentation (OpenOffice.org Presentation)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuoocalc "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Spreadsheet (OpenOffice.org Spreadsheet)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuoowriter "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Word Processor (OpenOffice.org Word Processor)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukmymoney "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>KMyMoney2</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Science & Math --><!-- Settings --><!-- System --><!ENTITY menuadept "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Package Manager (Adept)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukpackagekit "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Software Management (KPackageKit)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukonsole "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Terminal (Konsole)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuqtparted "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Partition Manager (QtParted)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuar "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Package Manager (Add/Remove)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukuser "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>User Manager (KUser)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuhardwaredrivers "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Hardware Drivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Utilities --><!ENTITY menukaramba "<menuchoice>&malutl;<guimenuitem>SuperKaramba</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukate "<menuchoice>&malutl;<guimenuitem>Advanced Text Editor (Kate)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukeep "<menuchoice>&malutl;<guimenuitem>Keep</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
362
<!-- Lost & Found --><!-- Application Launcher - Leave --><!ENTITY menulogout "<menuchoice>&mallve;<guimenuitem>Logout (End Session)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
363
<!ENTITY menulock "<menuchoice>&mallve;<guimenuitem>Lock (Lock the screen)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
364
<!-- APPLICATION LAUNCHER IMAGES --><!-- Applications --><!ENTITY a_l_apps '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications</title>
365
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_applications.png" format="PNG" />
366
</imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
367
<!-- Applications - Development --><!ENTITY a_l_apps_dev '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications - Development</title>
368
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_development.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
369
<!-- Applications - Graphics --><!ENTITY a_l_apps_graphics '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications - Graphics</title>
370
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_graphics.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
371
<!-- Applications - Internet --><!ENTITY a_l_apps_internet '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications - Internet</title>
372
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_internet.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
373
<!-- Applications - Multimedia --><!ENTITY a_l_apps_multi '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications - Multimedia</title>
374
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_multimedia.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
375
<!-- Applications - Office --><!ENTITY a_l_apps_office '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications - Office</title>
376
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_office.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
377
<!-- Applications - Settings --><!ENTITY a_l_apps_settings '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications - Settings</title>
378
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_settings.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
379
<!-- Applications - System --><!ENTITY a_l_apps_system '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications - System</title>
380
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_system.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
381
<!-- Applications - Utilities --><!ENTITY a_l_apps_utils '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications - Utilities</title>
382
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_utilities.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
383
<!-- Computer --><!ENTITY a_l_computer '<example><title>Application Launcher - Computer</title>
384
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_computer.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
385
<!-- Favorites --><!ENTITY a_l_favs '<example><title>Application Launcher - Favorites</title>
386
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_favorites.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
387
<!-- Leave --><!ENTITY a_l_leave '<example><title>Application Launcher - Leave</title>
388
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_leave.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
389
<!-- Recently Used --><!ENTITY a_l_used '<example><title>Application Launcher - Recently Used</title>
390
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_recently_used.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
391
<!-- END APPLICATION LAUNCHER IMAGES --><!-- KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS --><!ENTITY ctrlaltf1 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>">
392
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf2 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo>">
393
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf3 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F3</keycap></keycombo>">
394
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf4 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F4</keycap></keycombo>">
395
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf5 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F5</keycap></keycombo>">
396
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf6 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F6</keycap></keycombo>">
397
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf7 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F7</keycap></keycombo>">
398
<!ENTITY ctrlaltbkspc "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Backspace</keycap></keycombo>">
399
<!ENTITY % kde-general SYSTEM "/usr/share/apps/ksgmltools2/customization/obsolete/general.entities">
401
KDE general entities for DocBook as used in the KDE documentation
403
Copyright (C) 2002 Frederik Fouvry
405
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
406
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
407
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
408
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
410
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
411
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
412
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
413
GNU General Public License for more details.
415
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
416
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
417
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
419
Send suggestions, comments, etc. to the KDE docbook list
420
<kde-docbook@kde.org>.
425
Refer to this file as
427
"-//KDE//ENTITIES DocBook XML General Entity Declarations V1.1//EN"
429
This file contains what dbgenent.mod should contain and is read
430
after all other files just like dbgenent.mod should be.
432
--><!-- ============================================================= --><!-- Extensions to the DocBook DTD --><!-- ============================================================= --><!-- E.g. KDE specific entities (see also dbgenent.mod for this) --><!-- Legal texts we put in a specific place
433
so that we don't need to cut'n'paste them to every doc
434
--><!ENTITY GPL-html PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU General Public License V2 (HTML)//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html" NDATA SGML>
435
<!ENTITY GPL PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU General Public License V2//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html" NDATA linespecific>
436
<!ENTITY GPLNotice PUBLIC "-//KDE//DOCUMENT GNU General Public License Notice//EN" "../en/entities/gpl-notice.docbook">
437
<!-- meant for inclusion, so no [CN]DATA SGML (why?) --><!ENTITY LGPL-html PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Lesser General Public License V2.1 (HTML)//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html" NDATA SGML>
438
<!ENTITY LGPL PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Lesser General Public License V2.1//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html" NDATA linespecific>
439
<!ENTITY LGPLNotice PUBLIC "-//KDE//DOCUMENT GNU Lesser General Public License Notice//EN" "../en/entities/lgpl-notice.docbook">
440
<!-- meant for inclusion, so no [CN]DATA SGML --><!ENTITY FDL-html PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Free Documentation License V1.1 (HTML)//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html" NDATA SGML>
441
<!ENTITY FDL PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Free Documentation License V1.1//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html" NDATA linespecific>
442
<!-- FDLNotice is defined in lang.entities (why?) --><!-- KDE index generation
443
Set addindex to IGNORE to stop index generation
444
Indices are generated on the fly, so no intermediate file is needed
445
--><!ENTITY % addindex "INCLUDE">
446
<!ENTITY documentation.index "<index></index>">
447
<!--ENTITY kapp "(Oops - someone forgot to fill in the application name here)" --><!-- Entities to fill in slots in docbook version of FDL notice --><!ENTITY % FDLIS "IGNORE">
448
<!ENTITY % FDLFCT "IGNORE">
449
<!ENTITY % FDLBCT "IGNORE">
450
<!-- These are the language-independent entities. They can be (more
451
or less) freely extended. Keep this list sorted and sensible.
452
Make sure you always add full markup to the text.
454
Naming policy: name the entity like you would see the text
455
(inclusive case). KDE entities are always lowercased. Spaces
456
are omitted. Examples: Qt (for "Qt"), RedHat (for "Red Hat"),
457
kfloppy (for "KFloppy") . (Entity names cannot start with digits,
458
in that case, use the written form for the first digit.)
460
DO NOT JUST RENAME ENTITIES! That implies removal of an existing
461
entity and that may change the validity of documents, which must
462
not happen. Place the name you wish to remove in the list of
463
obsolete entities (depending on the case, the expansion is
464
redefined or kept as it was); the new name goes in the official list.
465
A later version of the DTD (with another version number!) will
466
effectively remove these entities. In that way, old documents
467
remain valid, while new ones can only use the new declarations.
468
--><!ENTITY AIX "<trademark class='registered'>AIX</trademark>">
469
<!ENTITY aktion "<application>aKtion</application>">
470
<!ENTITY amor "<application>AMOR</application>">
471
<!ENTITY ark "<application>Ark</application>">
472
<!ENTITY arts "<application>aRts</application>">
473
<!ENTITY arts-builder "<application>aRts-builder</application>">
474
<!ENTITY artscontrol "<application>artscontrol</application>">
475
<!ENTITY artsd "<application>artsd</application>">
476
<!ENTITY artsdsp "<application>artsdsp</application>">
477
<!ENTITY artsserver "<application>artsserver</application>">
478
<!ENTITY artsshell "<application>artsshell</application>">
479
<!ENTITY artswrapper "<application>artswrapper</application>">
480
<!ENTITY ATAPI "<acronym>ATAPI</acronym>">
481
<!ENTITY atlantik "<application>Atlantik</application>">
482
<!ENTITY brahms "<application>Brahms</application>">
483
<!ENTITY catalogmanager "<application>Catalog Manager</application>">
484
<!ENTITY CD "<acronym>CD</acronym>">
485
<!ENTITY CDE "<acronym>CDE</acronym>">
486
<!ENTITY CD-ROM "<acronym>CD-ROM</acronym>">
487
<!ENTITY cervisia "<application>Cervisia</application>">
488
<!ENTITY CSS "<trademark>CSS</trademark>">
489
<!ENTITY CUPS "<acronym>CUPS</acronym>">
490
<!ENTITY drkonqi "<application>DrKonqi</application>">
491
<!ENTITY DCOP "<acronym>DCOP</acronym>">
492
<!ENTITY DVI "<acronym>DVI</acronym>">
493
<!ENTITY ELF "<acronym>ELF</acronym>">
494
<!ENTITY Emacs "<application>Emacs</application>">
495
<!ENTITY flashkard "<application>FlashKard</application>">
496
<!ENTITY FTP "<acronym>FTP</acronym>">
497
<!ENTITY gcc "<command>gcc</command>">
498
<!ENTITY GIF "<acronym>GIF</acronym>">
499
<!ENTITY GMT "<acronym>GMT</acronym>">
500
<!ENTITY GNU "<acronym>GNU</acronym>">
501
<!ENTITY GUI "<acronym>GUI</acronym>">
502
<!ENTITY Handspring "<trademark>Handspring</trademark>">
503
<!ENTITY Hewlett-Packard '<trademark class="registered">Hewlett-Packard</trademark>'>
504
<!ENTITY HotSync '<trademark class="registered">HotSync</trademark>'>
505
<!ENTITY HP '<trademark class="registered">HP</trademark>'>
506
<!ENTITY HP-UX '<trademark class="registered">HP-UX</trademark>'>
507
<!ENTITY HTTP "<acronym>HTTP</acronym>">
508
<!ENTITY IRIX '<trademark class="registered">IRIX</trademark>'>
509
<!ENTITY Java "<trademark>Java</trademark>">
510
<!ENTITY Jini "<trademark>Jini</trademark>">
511
<!ENTITY kab2 "<application>Kab2</application>">
512
<!ENTITY kenolaba "<application>Kenolaba</application>">
513
<!ENTITY kaboodle "<application>Kaboodle</application>">
514
<!ENTITY kaddressbook "<application>KAddressBook</application>">
515
<!ENTITY kalarm "<application>KAlarm</application>">
516
<!ENTITY kalarmd "<application>KAlarmd</application>">
517
<!ENTITY kalzium "<application>Kalzium</application>">
518
<!ENTITY kamera "<application>Kamera</application>">
519
<!ENTITY kandy "<application>Kandy</application>">
520
<!ENTITY kappfinder "<application>Kappfinder</application>">
521
<!ENTITY kaphorism "<application>KAphorism</application>">
522
<!ENTITY karm "<application>KArm</application>">
523
<!ENTITY kasteroids "<application>KAsteroids</application>">
524
<!ENTITY kate "<application>Kate</application>">
525
<!ENTITY katomic "<application>KAtomic</application>">
526
<!ENTITY kbabel "<application>KBabel</application>">
527
<!ENTITY kbabeldict "<application>KBabelDict</application>">
528
<!ENTITY kbackgammon "<application>KBackgammon</application>">
529
<!ENTITY kbattleship "<application>KBattleship</application>">
530
<!ENTITY kbiff "<application>KBiff</application>">
531
<!ENTITY kblackbox "<application>KBlackbox</application>">
532
<!ENTITY kbounce "<application>KBounce</application>">
533
<!ENTITY kbugbuster "<application>kbugbuster</application>">
534
<!ENTITY kcalc "<application>KCalc</application>">
535
<!ENTITY kcharselect "<application>KCharSelect</application>">
536
<!ENTITY kchart "<application>KChart</application>">
537
<!ENTITY kchat "<application>KChat</application>">
538
<!ENTITY kcontrol "<application>KControl</application>">
539
<!ENTITY kcron "<application>KCron</application>">
540
<!ENTITY kdat "<application>KDat</application>">
541
<!ENTITY kdebugdialog "<application>KDebugDialog</application>">
542
<!ENTITY kde-http '<ulink url="http://www.kde.org/">http://www.kde.org/</ulink>'>
543
<!ENTITY kde-ftp '<ulink url="ftp://ftp.kde.org/pub/kde/">ftp://ftp.kde.org/pub/kde/</ulink>'>
544
<!ENTITY kdepasswd "<application>kdepasswd</application>">
545
<!ENTITY kdesktop "<application>KDesktop</application>">
546
<!ENTITY kdessh "<application>kdessh</application>">
547
<!ENTITY kdesu "<application>KDE su</application>">
548
<!ENTITY kdiskfree "<application>KDiskFree</application>">
549
<!ENTITY kdict "<application>KDict</application>">
550
<!ENTITY kdm "<application>kdm</application>">
551
<!ENTITY kdvi "<application>KDVI</application>">
552
<!ENTITY kedit "<application>KEdit</application>">
553
<!ENTITY keduca "<application>KEduca</application>">
554
<!ENTITY keystone "<application>Keystone</application>">
555
<!ENTITY kfax "<application>KFax</application>">
556
<!ENTITY kfaxview "<application>Kfaxview</application>">
557
<!ENTITY kfind "<application>KFind</application>">
558
<!ENTITY kfloppy "<application>Kfloppy</application>">
559
<!ENTITY kformula "<application>KFormula</application>">
560
<!ENTITY kfouleggs "<application>KFoulEggs</application>">
561
<!ENTITY kfract "<application>KFract</application>">
562
<!ENTITY khangman "<application>KHangMan</application>">
563
<!ENTITY kgeo "<application>KGeo</application>">
564
<!ENTITY kghostview "<application>KGhostView</application>">
565
<!ENTITY khelpcenter "<application>KHelpCenter</application>">
566
<!ENTITY khexedit "<application>KHexEdit</application>">
567
<!ENTITY kicker "<application>Kicker</application>">
568
<!ENTITY kiconedit "<application>KIconEdit</application>">
569
<!ENTITY kikbd "<application>kikbd</application>">
570
<!ENTITY kit "<application>Kit</application>">
571
<!ENTITY kiten "<application>Kiten</application>">
572
<!ENTITY kivio "<application>Kivio</application>">
573
<!ENTITY kjots "<application>KJots</application>">
574
<!ENTITY kjumpingcube "<application>KJumpingCube</application>">
575
<!ENTITY klaptop "<application>KLaptop</application>">
576
<!ENTITY klatin "<application>KLatin</application>">
577
<!ENTITY klettres "<application>KLettres</application>">
578
<!ENTITY kolorlines "<application>Kolor Lines</application>">
579
<!ENTITY klipper "<application>Klipper</application>">
580
<!ENTITY kljettool "<application>KLjettool</application>">
581
<!ENTITY klpq "<application>Klpq</application>">
582
<!ENTITY klprfax "<application>Klprfax</application>">
583
<!ENTITY kmahjongg "<application>KMahjongg</application>">
584
<!ENTITY kmail "<application>KMail</application>">
585
<!ENTITY kmathtool "<application>KMathTool</application>">
586
<!ENTITY kmenuedit "<application>kmenuedit</application>">
587
<!ENTITY kmessedwords "<application>KMessedWords</application>">
588
<!ENTITY kmid "<application>KMid</application>">
589
<!ENTITY kmidi "<application>KMidi</application>">
590
<!ENTITY kmines "<application>KMines</application>">
591
<!ENTITY kmix "<application>KMix</application>">
592
<!ENTITY kmplot "<application>KmPlot</application>">
593
<!ENTITY knewsticker "<application>KNewsTicker</application>">
594
<!ENTITY knode "<application>KNode</application>">
595
<!ENTITY knotes "<application>KNotes</application>">
596
<!ENTITY knorskverbs "<application>KNorskVerbs</application>">
597
<!ENTITY kodometer "<application>KOdometer</application>">
598
<!ENTITY koffice "<application>KOffice</application>">
599
<!ENTITY kolf "<application>Kolf</application>">
600
<!ENTITY kompare "<application>Kompare</application>">
601
<!ENTITY koncd "<application>KOnCD</application>">
602
<!ENTITY konqueror "<application>Konqueror</application>">
603
<!ENTITY konquest "<application>Konquest</application>">
604
<!ENTITY konsole "<application>Konsole</application>">
605
<!ENTITY kontour "<application>Kontour</application>">
606
<!ENTITY kooka "<application>Kooka</application>">
607
<!ENTITY korganizer "<application>KOrganizer</application>">
608
<!ENTITY korn "<application>KOrn</application>">
609
<!ENTITY koshell "<application>KOShell</application>">
610
<!ENTITY kotalkd "<application>KOTalkd</application>">
611
<!ENTITY kpackage "<application>KPackage</application>">
612
<!ENTITY kpager "<application>KPager</application>">
613
<!ENTITY kpaint "<application>KPaint</application>">
614
<!ENTITY kpanel "<application>KPanel</application>">
615
<!ENTITY kpatience "<application>KPatience</application>">
616
<!ENTITY kpercentage "<application>KPercentage</application>">
617
<!ENTITY kpilot "<application>KPilot</application>">
618
<!ENTITY kpf "<application>kpf</application>">
619
<!ENTITY kpm "<application>Kpm</application>">
620
<!ENTITY kpresenter "<application>KPresenter</application>">
621
<!ENTITY kpoker "<application>KPoker</application>">
622
<!ENTITY kpovmodeler "<application>KPovModeler</application>">
623
<!ENTITY kppp "<application>KPPP</application>">
624
<!ENTITY kreatecd "<application>KreateCD</application>">
625
<!ENTITY krec "<application>KRec</application>">
626
<!ENTITY kregexpeditor "<application>KRegExpEditor</application>">
627
<!ENTITY kreversi "<application>KReversi</application>">
628
<!ENTITY krita "<application>Krita</application>">
629
<!ENTITY kruler "<application>KRuler</application>">
630
<!ENTITY ksame "<application>KSame</application>">
631
<!ENTITY kscd "<application>KsCD</application>">
632
<!ENTITY kscore "<application>KScore</application>">
633
<!ENTITY kscreensaver "<application>KScreensaver</application>">
634
<!ENTITY ksgmltools "<application>ksgmltools</application>">
635
<!ENTITY kshisen "<application>KShisen</application>">
636
<!ENTITY ksim "<application>KSim</application>">
637
<!ENTITY ksirc "<application>KSirc</application>">
638
<!ENTITY ksirtet "<application>KSirtet</application>">
639
<!ENTITY ksmiletris "<application>KSmiletris</application>">
640
<!ENTITY ksnake "<application>KSnake</application>">
641
<!ENTITY ksnapshot "<application>KSnapshot</application>">
642
<!ENTITY ksokoban "<application>KSokoban</application>">
643
<!ENTITY kspaceduel "<application>KSpaceDuel</application>">
644
<!ENTITY kspell "<application>KSpell</application>">
645
<!ENTITY kspread "<application>KSpread</application>">
646
<!ENTITY kstars "<application>KStars</application>">
647
<!ENTITY kstart "<application>kstart</application>">
648
<!ENTITY ksysctrl "<application>KSysctrl</application>">
649
<!ENTITY ksysguard "<application>KSysguard</application>">
650
<!ENTITY ksysv "<application>KSysV</application>">
651
<!ENTITY ktalk "<application>KTalk</application>">
652
<!ENTITY ktalkd "<application>KTalkd</application>">
653
<!ENTITY kteatime "<application>KTeaTime</application>">
654
<!ENTITY kthesaurus "<application>KThesaurus</application>">
655
<!ENTITY ktimemon "<application>KTimemon</application>">
656
<!ENTITY ktimer "<application>KTimer</application>">
657
<!ENTITY ktip "<application>KTip</application>">
658
<!ENTITY ktouch "<application>KTouch</application>">
659
<!ENTITY ktron "<application>KTron</application>">
660
<!ENTITY ktuberling "<application>KTuberling</application>">
661
<!ENTITY kugar "<application>Kugar</application>">
662
<!ENTITY kuickshow "<application>KuickShow</application>">
663
<!ENTITY kuser "<application>KUser</application>">
664
<!ENTITY kview "<application>KView</application>">
665
<!ENTITY kviewshell "<application>KViewshell</application>">
666
<!ENTITY kvoctrain "<application>KVocTrain</application>">
667
<!ENTITY kworldclock "<application>KWorldClock</application>">
668
<!ENTITY kword "<application>KWord</application>">
669
<!ENTITY kwin "<application>KWin</application>">
670
<!ENTITY k4wins "<application>K Four Wins</application>">
671
<!ENTITY kwrite "<application>KWrite</application>">
672
<!ENTITY kwuftpd "<application>kwuftpd</application>">
673
<!ENTITY LaserJet '<trademark class="registered">LaserJet</trademark>'>
674
<!ENTITY lisa "<application>Lisa</application>">
675
<!ENTITY Linux '<trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark>'>
676
<!ENTITY Linux-Mandrake "<trademark>Linux-Mandrake</trademark>">
677
<!ENTITY LinuxPPC "<trademark>LinuxPPC</trademark>">
678
<!ENTITY lskat "<application>Lskat</application>">
679
<!ENTITY LZW "<acronym>LZW</acronym>">
680
<!ENTITY Mac '<trademark class="registered">Mac</trademark>'>
681
<!ENTITY MacOS '<trademark class="registered">Mac</trademark> <acronym>OS</acronym>'>
682
<!ENTITY Mandrake "<trademark>Mandrake</trademark>">
683
<!ENTITY megami "<application>Megami</application>">
684
<!ENTITY Microsoft '<trademark class="registered">Microsoft</trademark>'>
685
<!ENTITY MIDI "<acronym>MIDI</acronym>">
686
<!ENTITY MIME "<acronym>MIME</acronym>">
687
<!ENTITY moonphase "<application>Moon Phase</application>">
688
<!ENTITY Motif '<trademark class="registered">Motif</trademark>'>
689
<!ENTITY MRU "<acronym>MRU</acronym>">
690
<!ENTITY MTU "<acronym>MTU</acronym>">
691
<!ENTITY MusiXTeX "<application>MusiXTeX</application>">
692
<!ENTITY Netscape '<trademark class="registered">Netscape</trademark>'>
693
<!ENTITY NeXTSTEP "<trademark>NeXTSTEP</trademark>">
694
<!ENTITY noatun "<application>Noatun</application>">
695
<!ENTITY PalmOS '<trademark class="registered">Palm OS</trademark>'>
696
<!ENTITY PalmPilot "<productname><trademark>PalmPilot</trademark></productname>">
697
<!ENTITY PMX "<application>PMX</application>">
698
<!-- acronym too? --><!ENTITY PostScript '<trademark class="registered">PostScript</trademark>'>
699
<!ENTITY PPP "<acronym>PPP</acronym>">
700
<!ENTITY quanta "<application>Quanta</application>">
701
<!ENTITY quantaplus "<application>Quanta Plus</application>">
702
<!ENTITY Qt "<trademark>Qt</trademark>">
703
<!ENTITY RedHat '<trademark class="registered">Red Hat</trademark>'>
704
<!ENTITY reslisa "<application>ResLisa</application>">
705
<!ENTITY Sendmail '<application><trademark class="registered">sendmail</trademark></application>'>
706
<!ENTITY SMTP "<acronym>SMTP</acronym>">
707
<!ENTITY SGI "<trademark>SGI</trademark>">
708
<!ENTITY Solaris "<trademark>Solaris</trademark>">
709
<!ENTITY SuSE '<acronym><trademark class="registered">SuSE</trademark></acronym>'>
710
<!ENTITY ThreeCom '<trademark class="registered">3Com</trademark>'>
711
<!ENTITY tkmidi "<application>tkmidi</application>">
712
<!ENTITY TrueType '<trademark class="registered">TrueType</trademark>'>
713
<!ENTITY UNIX '<trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark>'>
714
<!ENTITY URL "<acronym>URL</acronym>">
715
<!ENTITY URI "<acronym>URI</acronym>">
716
<!ENTITY Visor "<trademark>Visor</trademark>">
717
<!ENTITY windowmaker "<application>Window Maker</application>">
718
<!ENTITY Windows '<trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark>'>
719
<!ENTITY WordNet '<trademark class="registered">WordNet</trademark>'>
720
<!ENTITY Wordperfect '<application><trademark class="registered">WordPerfect</trademark></application>'>
721
<!ENTITY X-Server "<application>X-Server</application>">
722
<!ENTITY XEmacs "<application>XEmacs</application>">
723
<!ENTITY X-Window '<trademark class="registered">X Window System</trademark>'>
724
<!ENTITY XHTML "<trademark>XHTML</trademark>">
725
<!ENTITY XML "<trademark>XML</trademark>">
726
<!ENTITY XSL "<trademark>XSL</trademark>">
727
<!-- Defaults, do NOT add anything to this without checking with the docbook
728
team. --><!ENTITY package "This application isn't part of a KDE package">
729
<!-- Obsolete entities --><!-- Put them here; they will be removed at some stage --><!ENTITY artsbuilder "<application>aRts-builder</application>">
730
<!ENTITY kdf "<application>KDiskFree</application>">
731
<!ENTITY klaptopdaemon "<application>KLaptop</application>">
732
<!ENTITY klines "<application>Kolor Lines</application>">
733
<!ENTITY kmoon "<application>Moon Phase</application>">
734
<!ENTITY kodo "<application>KOdometer</application>">
735
<!ENTITY kpat "<application>KPatience</application>">
736
<!ENTITY kwin4 "<application>K Four Wins</application>">
737
<!ENTITY % xinclude SYSTEM "../../../libs/xinclude.mod">
738
<!ELEMENT xi:include (xi:fallback)?>
739
<!ATTLIST xi:include xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<!ATTLIST xi:include href CDATA #REQUIRED>
741
<!ATTLIST xi:include parse (xml | text) "xml">
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<!ATTLIST xi:include xpointer CDATA #IMPLIED>
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<!ATTLIST xi:include encoding CDATA #IMPLIED>
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<!ATTLIST xi:include accept CDATA #IMPLIED>
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<!ATTLIST xi:include accept-charset CDATA #IMPLIED>
746
<!ATTLIST xi:include accept-language CDATA #IMPLIED>
747
<!ELEMENT xi:fallback ANY>
748
<!ATTLIST xi:fallback xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
749
<!ENTITY % local.preface.class "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.part.class "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.chapter.class "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.divcomponent.mix "| xi:include">
753
<!ENTITY % local.para.char.mix "| xi:include">
754
<!ENTITY % local.info.class "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.common.attrib "xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude'">
756
<!ENTITY language "en">
758
<article id="basic-concepts" status="complete" lang="en_GB">
760
<title>Basic Concepts</title>
763
<title>Credits and Licence</title>
764
<para>This document is maintained by the Ubuntu documentation team (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam). For a list of contributors, see the <ulink type="help" url="help:/kubuntu/contributors.html">contributors page</ulink></para>
765
<para>This document is made available under the Creative Commons ShareAlike 2.5 Licence (CC-BY-SA).</para>
766
<para>You are free to modify, extend, and improve the Ubuntu documentation source code under the terms of this licence. All derivative works must be released under this licence.</para>
767
<para>This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AS DESCRIBED IN THE DISCLAIMER.</para>
768
<para>A copy of the licence is available here: <ulink type="help" url="help:/kubuntu/ccbysa.html">Creative Commons ShareAlike Licence</ulink>.</para>
771
<year>2005-2009</year>
772
<holder>Canonical Ltd. and members of the Ubuntu Documentation Project</holder>
773
</copyright><copyright><year>2006.</year><holder>Jeff Bailes (thepizzaking@gmail.com)</holder></copyright>
775
<publishername>The Ubuntu Documentation Project</publishername>
779
<para>This chapter introduces you to basic concepts which are useful when getting started with a Kubuntu system.</para>
783
<!-- DIRECTORIES AND FILE SYSTEMS -->
784
<sect1 id="directories-file-systems" status="complete">
785
<title>Directories and File Systems</title>
787
<para>In Linux and Unix everything is a file. Directories are files, files are files, and devices are files. Devices are usually referred to as nodes; however, they are still files.</para>
789
<para>Linux and Unix file systems are organized in a hierarchical, tree-like structure. The highest level of the file system is the <filename>/</filename> or root directory. All other files and directories exist under the root directory. For example, <filename>/home/konqi/kubuntu.odt</filename> shows the correct full path, or absolute path, to the <filename>kubuntu.odt</filename> file that exists in the <filename>konqi</filename> directory, which is under the <filename>home</filename> directory, which in turn is under the root (<filename>/</filename>) directory.</para>
791
<para>Underneath the root (<filename>/</filename>) directory is a set of important directories common to most Linux distributions. The following is a listing of common directories that are directly under the root (<filename>/</filename>) directory:</para>
794
<varlistentry><term><filename>/bin</filename></term>
796
<para>Important commands, which historically have been <emphasis>bin</emphasis>ary, but may also be shell scripts.</para>
800
<varlistentry><term><filename>/boot</filename></term>
802
<para><emphasis>Boot</emphasis> configuration files, kernels, and other files needed at <emphasis>boot</emphasis> time.</para>
806
<varlistentry><term><filename>/dev</filename></term>
808
<para>The <emphasis>dev</emphasis>ice files.</para>
812
<varlistentry><term><filename>/etc</filename></term>
814
<para>Configuration files, startup scripts, <emphasis>etc</emphasis>.</para>
818
<varlistentry><term><filename>/home</filename></term>
820
<para><emphasis>Home</emphasis> directories for different users.</para>
824
<varlistentry><term><filename>/initrd</filename></term>
826
<para>Used when creating a customised <emphasis>init</emphasis>ial <emphasis>R</emphasis>AM <emphasis>D</emphasis>isk.</para>
830
<varlistentry><term><filename>/lib</filename></term>
832
<para>System <emphasis>lib</emphasis>raries.</para>
836
<varlistentry><term><filename>/lost+found</filename></term>
838
<para>Provides a <emphasis>lost+found</emphasis> system for files that exist under the root (<filename>/</filename>) directory.</para>
842
<varlistentry><term><filename>/media</filename></term>
844
<para>Automatically mounted (loaded) removable <emphasis>media</emphasis> such as CDs, digital cameras, etc.</para>
848
<varlistentry><term><filename>/mnt</filename></term>
850
<para>Manually <emphasis>m</emphasis>ou<emphasis>nt</emphasis>ed filesystems on your hard drive.</para>
854
<varlistentry><term><filename>/opt</filename></term>
857
<para>Provides a location for <emphasis>opt</emphasis>ional (3rd party) applications to be installed; these are usually statically compiled and can be used in other versions or Linux distributions.</para>
861
<varlistentry><term><filename>/proc</filename></term>
863
<para>Special dynamic directory that maintains information about the state of the system, including currently running <emphasis>proc</emphasis>esses.</para>
867
<varlistentry><term><filename>/root</filename></term>
869
<para><emphasis>Root</emphasis> user's home directory, pronounced "slash-root".</para>
873
<varlistentry><term><filename>/sbin</filename></term>
876
<para>Important <emphasis>s</emphasis>ystem <emphasis>bin</emphasis>aries and scripts, usually intended to be run as the root user.</para>
880
<varlistentry><term><filename>/srv</filename></term>
882
<para>Can contain files that are <emphasis>s</emphasis>e<emphasis>rv</emphasis>ed to other systems.</para>
886
<varlistentry><term><filename>/sys</filename></term>
888
<para>Similar to the /proc filesystem, but contains <emphasis>sys</emphasis>tem information not related to running processes.</para>
892
<varlistentry><term><filename>/tmp</filename></term>
894
<para><emphasis>t</emphasis>e<emphasis>mp</emphasis>orary files.</para>
898
<varlistentry><term><filename>/usr</filename></term>
900
<para>Applications and read-only files that are mostly available for all <emphasis>us</emphasis>e<emphasis>r</emphasis>s to access.</para>
904
<varlistentry><term><filename>/var</filename></term>
906
<para><emphasis>var</emphasis>iable files such as logs and databases.</para>
914
<sect1 id="permissions" status="complete">
915
<title>Permissions</title>
917
<para>All of the files on a Linux system have permissions that allow or prevent others from viewing, modifying or executing them. The superuser "root" has the ability to access any file on the system. Each file has access restrictions, user restrictions, and an owner/group association.</para>
919
<para>Every file is secured by the following three layers of permissions, in order of importance:</para>
922
<varlistentry><term>user</term>
924
<para>Applies to the user who is the owner of the file.</para>
928
<varlistentry><term>group</term>
930
<para>Applies to the group that is associated with the file.</para>
934
<varlistentry><term>other</term>
936
<para>Applies to all other users.</para>
941
<para>Inside each of the three sets of permissions are the actual permissions. The permissions, along with the way they apply differently to files and directories, are outlined below:</para>
944
<varlistentry><term>read</term>
946
<para>Files or directory contents that can be <emphasis>viewed</emphasis> only.</para>
950
<varlistentry><term>write</term>
952
<para>Files or directory contents that can be modified or deleted.</para>
956
<varlistentry><term>execute</term>
958
<para>Files that can be run as a program or directories that can be entered.</para>
963
<para>To view and edit the permissions on files and directories, first open <application>Konqueror</application> in file manager mode by selecting <guilabel>Home Folder</guilabel> from the <guimenu>System Menu</guimenu> located next to the <application>KMenu</application> icon in the bottom left corner of your display. To display the dialog to allow permission editing, <mousebutton>right</mousebutton> click on a file or directory, then select <guimenu>Properties</guimenu>. The permissions are found under the <guilabel>Permissions</guilabel> tab and allow for the editing of all permission levels, if you are the owner of the file.</para>
966
<!-- ROOT AND SUDO -->
967
<sect1 id="root-and-sudo" status="complete">
968
<title>Root And Sudo</title>
970
<para>The root user in Linux is the user which has administrative access to your system. Normal users do not have this access for security reasons. Kubuntu does not enable the root user. Instead, administrative access is given to individual users, who may use the "sudo" application to perform administrative tasks. The first user account you created on your system during installation will, by default, have access to sudo <emphasis>s</emphasis>uper <emphasis>u</emphasis>ser <emphasis>do</emphasis>. You can restrict and enable sudo access to users with the <application>Users and Groups</application> application (review the <ulink type="help" url="help:/kubuntu/keeping-safe/">Keeping Safe</ulink> documentation for more information).</para>
972
<para>When you run an application that requires root privileges, sudo will ask you to input your normal user password. This ensures that rogue applications cannot damage your system, and serves as a reminder that you are about to perform administrative actions which require you to be careful!</para>
974
<para>To use sudo when using the command line, simply type "sudo" before the command you wish to run. Sudo will then prompt you for your password.</para>
976
<para>Sudo will remember your password for a set amount of time (15 minutes by default). This feature was designed to allow users to perform multiple administrative tasks without being asked for a password each time.</para>
979
<para>Be careful when doing administrative tasks -- you could very well damage your system!</para>
982
<para>Some other tips for using sudo:</para>
986
<para>To use a "root" terminal, type "sudo -i" at the command line</para>
990
<para>The entire group of default graphical configuration tools in Kubuntu already uses sudo, so you will be prompted for your password if needed using <application>kdesu</application>, which is a graphical frontend to <application>sudo</application>.</para>
994
<para>For more information on the <application>sudo</application> program and the absence of a root user in Kubuntu, read the <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">sudo page</ulink> on the Ubuntu wiki.</para>
998
<sect2 id="run-application-root" status="complete">
999
<title>Start a Program Manually with Root Privileges</title>
1001
<para>Sometimes it is necessary to run a program with root privileges. This is easy to do with the <application>Run Command</application> dialogue.</para>
1004
<para>Be careful when doing administrative tasks -- you could very well damage your system!</para>
1009
<para>Open the <application>Run Command</application> dialogue by typing: <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo></para>
1013
<para>Enter the name of the program you wish to run, <emphasis>prefixed</emphasis> with <application>kdesu</application> and press <keycap>Enter</keycap>. For example, to launch the file manager <application>Konqueror</application> with root privileges, type <screen>kdesu konqueror</screen></para>
1020
<!-- USER MANAGEMENT -->
1021
<sect1 id="user-mgmt" status="complete">
1022
<title>User Management</title>
1024
<procedure><title>Adding a user</title>
1027
Open <application>KUser</application>, http://www.kde.org/'s <guilabel>User Manager</guilabel> by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>User Manager (KUser)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
1032
If a dialog appears asking you for a password, enter your user password.
1037
<mousebutton>Click</mousebutton> the <guibutton>Add</guibutton> located in the top left hand corner of the window.
1042
Type the username for the new user.
1047
Enter the user's details in the dialog presented to you and create a password for the new user by selecting the <guilabel>Password Management</guilabel> tab located at the top of the window.
1048
<example><title>New User <guilabel>Details</guilabel></title>
1051
<imagedata fileref="../../images/C/adduser_details.png" format="PNG"/>
1055
<example><title>New User <guilabel>Password & Security</guilabel></title>
1058
<imagedata fileref="../../images/C/adduser_security.png" format="PNG"/>
1066
<procedure><title>Removing a user</title>
1069
Open <application>Kuser</application> as noted in the previous procedure for adding a user.
1073
<para>Highlight the user that you would like to delete.</para>
1076
<para><mousebutton>Click</mousebutton> on the <guibutton>Delete...</guibutton> button.</para>
1080
When prompted with the <guilabel>Delete User</guilabel> dialog, you have two options:
1084
<guilabel>Delete home folder: /home/username</guilabel> - this will remove
1085
the user's home directory, therefor clearing up space on your hard drive. If
1086
there is information you would like to backup, do so before deleting this
1092
<guilabel>Delete mailbox: /var/mail/username</guilabel> - this will remove the
1101
<procedure><title>Changing a user's password</title>
1104
Open <application>KUser</application> by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>User Manager (KUser)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
1108
<para>Highlight the user whose password you would like to change.</para>
1112
<mousebutton>Click</mousebutton> on the <guibutton>Edit</guibutton> button if the dialog does not open immediately upon highling that user.
1117
After the <guilabel>User Properties</guilabel> dialog has opened,
1118
<mousebutton>click</mousebutton> the <guibutton>Set Password...</guibutton> button in the top right corner of the window. After entering in the new password, press the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button to finish.
1125
<sect1 id="terminals" status="complete">
1126
<title>Terminal</title>
1128
<para>Working at the command line is not as daunting a task as you would think. There is no special knowledge needed to use the command line as it is a program like everything else. Most things in Linux can be done using the command line. Although there are graphical tools for most programs, sometimes they are just not enough. This is where the command line comes in handy.</para>
1130
<para>The terminal is often called the command prompt or the shell. In days gone by, this was the way the user interacted with the computer; however, Linux users have found that the use of the shell can be quicker than a graphical method and still holds some merit today. Here you will learn how to use the terminal.</para>
1132
<para>The original use of the terminal was as a file browser, and indeed it is still used as a file browser. You can use the terminal as a file browser to navigate your files and undo the changes that have been made.</para>
1134
<sect2 id="starting-konsole" status="complete">
1135
<title>Starting the Terminal</title>
1138
The <application>Konsole</application> can be started by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Terminal (Konsole)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
1142
<sect2 id="common-commands" status="complete">
1143
<title>Common Commands</title>
1146
<varlistentry><term>View Directories: - ls</term>
1148
<para>The <application>ls</application> (LiSt) lists files in different colours with full formatted text.</para>
1152
<varlistentry><term>Create Directories: - mkdir (directory name)</term>
1154
<para>The <application>mkdir</application> (MaKeDIRectory) command will create a directory.</para>
1158
<varlistentry><term>Change Directories: - cd (/directory/location)</term>
1160
<para>The <application>cd</application> (Change Directory) command will change from your current directory to any directory you specify.</para>
1164
<varlistentry><term>Copy Files/Directories: - cp (file or directory name) (to directory or filename)</term>
1166
<para>The <application>cp</application> (CoPy) command will copy any files you specify. The <application>cp -r</application> command will copy any directories you specify.</para>
1170
<varlistentry><term>Remove Files/Directories: - rm (file or directory name)</term>
1172
<para>The <application>rm</application> (ReMove) command will delete any filename you specify. The <application>rm -r</application> command will remove any directory you specify, and all its contents.</para>
1176
<varlistentry><term>Move/Rename Files/Directories: - mv (file or directory name)</term>
1178
<para>The <application>mv</application> (MoVe) command will move/rename any file or directory you specify.</para>
1182
<varlistentry><term>Find Files/Directories: - locate (file or directory name)</term>
1184
<para>The <application>locate</application> command will search for any filename you specify. It uses an index of the files on your system to work quickly. To update this index, run the command <application>sudo updatedb</application>. This command is run automatically each day if you leave your computer on. It needs to be run with administrative privileges (see <xref linkend="root-and-sudo"/>).</para>
1189
<para>You can also use wildcards to match one or more files, such as "*" (for all files) or "?" (to match one character).</para>
1192
<sect2 id="switch-to-console" status="complete">
1193
<title>Switching to Console mode</title>
1195
<para>The usual method of command-line access in Kubuntu is to start a terminal (see <xref linkend="starting-konsole"/> above), however sometimes it is useful to switch to the real console:</para>
1199
<para>Use the <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo> shortcut keys to switch to the first console.</para>
1203
<para>To switch back to Desktop mode, use the <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F7</keycap></keycombo> shortcut keys.</para>
1208
<para>There are six consoles available. Each one is accessible with the shortcut keys <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo> to <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F6</keycap></keycombo>.</para>
1212
<sect2 id="disable-terminal-beep" status="complete">
1213
<title>Disabling the beep sound in Terminal mode</title>
1218
Start a <application>Konsole</application> session, select by going to
1219
<menuchoice><guimenu>Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Terminal (Konsole)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
1224
<para>Go to <menuchoice><guimenu>Settings</guimenu><guisubmenu>Bell</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>None</guimenuitem></menuchoice> to disable the system bell.</para>
1230
<!-- RESTART X SERVER -->
1231
<sect1 id="restart-x" status="complete">
1232
<title>Restart Kubuntu without rebooting</title>
1235
Prior to your system having the ability to simply restart Kubuntu without rebooting, you will need to enable this option in <application>System Settings</application>. Go to <menuchoice><guimenu>Application Launcher</guimenu>
1236
<guisubmenu>Favorites</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>System Settings</guimenuitem></menuchoice> and then press the <guibutton>Display</guibutton> icon. At the very bottom of the window, just above the <guibutton>Help</guibutton>, <guibutton>Defaults</guibutton>, and <guibutton>Reset</guibutton> buttons, there is a checkbox. Make sure to select the checkbox that says <guilabel>Ctrl+Alt+Backspace restarts the xserver</guilabel>. Press the <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> to apply your changes. You will have to log out and then back in prior to this option takes into effect.
1240
Once you have configured your system to allow this option, to simply restart Kubuntu, or the <productname>X Window System</productname>, simply press <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Backspace</keycap>
1241
</keycombo>. This will take you to a blank screen momentarily and then bring
1242
you back to the login screen (<acronym>KDM</acronym>).
1246
<!-- TEXT EDITING -->
1247
<sect1 id="text-editing" status="complete">
1248
<title>Text Editing</title>
1251
All of the configurations and settings in Linux are saved in text files. Even
1252
though you most often can edit configurations through the graphical interface,
1253
you may occasionally have to edit them by hand. <application>Kate</application>
1254
is the default Kubuntu text editor, which can be launched by going to
1255
<menuchoice><guimenu>Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Advanced Text Editor (Kate)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
1258
<para>At times in this guide, <application>Kate</application> is run from the command line using <application>kdesu</application>, as most configuration files require root privileges to alter them. It is recommended that you also run <application>kdesu</application> from the command line when shown in this guide.</para>
1260
<para>If you need to use a text editor from the command line, you can use <application>nano</application>, which is a simple to use text editor. When running it from the command line, always use the following command, which ensures that the editor will not introduce line breaks:<screen>nano -w</screen></para>
1262
<para>For more information about how to use <application>nano</application>, refer to the <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NanoHowto">guide on the wiki</ulink>.</para>
1264
<para>There are also quite a few other terminal-based editors available in Kubuntu, popular ones include <application>VIM</application> and <application>Emacs</application> (the pros and cons of each are cause for much friendly debate within the Linux community). These are often more complex to use than <application>nano</application>, but are also more powerful.</para>
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