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<!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../../libs/global.ent">
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<!-- NAMES --><!ENTITY canonical-name "Canonical Ltd.">
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<!ENTITY project-name "Ubuntu Documentation Project">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>">
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<!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY distro-version "Gutsy Gibbon">
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<!ENTITY distro-rev "7.10">
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<!ENTITY distro-release-date "October 2007">
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<!ENTITY linux-kernel-version "2.6.22">
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<!ENTITY gcc-version "4.1.2">
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<!ENTITY glibc-version "2.5">
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<!ENTITY python-version "2.5">
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<!-- AUTHORS --><!ENTITY author-ubuntu-documentation-project SYSTEM "../common/authors/ubuntu-documentation-project.xml">
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<!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM "../common/C/glossary.xml">
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<!-- LEGAL URLs --><!ENTITY gpl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc "http://creativecommons.org/">
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<!ENTITY cc-attrib '<ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-fulldeed-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode/">
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<!ENTITY fdl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en">
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<!-- CANONICAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY canonical-url "http://www.canonical.com">
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<!-- OTHER UBUNTU RELATED RESOURCES --><!ENTITY upstart-url "http://upstart.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU IRC INFORMATION --><!ENTITY irc-network "Freenode">
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<!ENTITY irc-server "irc.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #ubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #xubuntu">
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<!ENTITY edubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #edubuntu">
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<!-- UBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY ubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-dpkgfile "ubuntu5.10.tar">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-web "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-main "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-download "http://www.ubuntu.com/download">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-forums "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-components "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-wiki "http://wiki.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-bugzilla "https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-bugs "https://launchpad.net/products/ubuntu-doc/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-support "http://www.ubuntu.com/support">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-paidsupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/paid">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-freesupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/free">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-comments "http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=21787">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation "http://help.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation-repos "https://docteam.ubuntu.com/repos/trunk">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-team "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-list "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-doc">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-shipit "http://shipit.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-launchpad "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-rosetta "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com/rosetta">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-planet "http://planet.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-philosophy "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-participate "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-marketplace "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/marketplace">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-hwdb "http://hwdb.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU WIKI RESOURCES --><!ENTITY wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY restricted-formats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RestrictedFormats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-XChatHowto "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/XChatHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RootSudo "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">
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<!ENTITY wiki-HowToGetHelp "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToGetHelp">
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<!ENTITY transcode "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DVDRippingandEncoding">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Wine "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wine">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Cedega "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Cedega">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Nano "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NanoHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-locoteams "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeamList">
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<!ENTITY wiki-BasicCommands "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BasicCommands">
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<!ENTITY wiki-filepermissions "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions">
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<!-- KUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY kubuntu-web "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-main "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-download "http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com/edgy/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-cdpackages-nodefault "http://people.ubuntu.com/~cjwatson/seeds/kubuntu-edgy/ship">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-users "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-devel "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-devel/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-mirrors "http://distrowatch.com/kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-forums "http://kubuntuforums.net">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki "https://wiki.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-documentation-site "http://www.kubuntu.org/documentation.php">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-support "http://www.kubuntu.org/support.php">
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<!-- XUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY xubuntu-web "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-main "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-web-help "http://www.xubuntu.org/help">
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<!-- DEBIAN RESOURCES --><!ENTITY debian-apt "http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">
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<!-- EXTERNAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY linmodem "http://www.linmodems.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnome "http://www.gnome.org/">
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<!ENTITY linuxorg "http://www.linux.org/">
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<!ENTITY ooo "http://www.openoffice.org/">
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<!ENTITY kde "http://www.kde.org/">
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<!ENTITY lugww "http://lugww.counter.li.org/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-watch "http://distrowatch.com/ubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY realplayer-download "http://www.real.com/linux/">
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<!ENTITY nvu-download "http://www.nvu.com/download.html">
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<!ENTITY sunjava-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY xorg "http://www.x.org">
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<!ENTITY dyndns "http://www.dyndns.org">
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<!ENTITY shoutcast "http://www.shoutcast.com/">
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<!ENTITY freedomtoaster "http://www.freedomtoaster.org/">
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<!ENTITY xfce "http://www.xfce.org/">
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<!-- ubuntu-screenshots TODO --><!ENTITY kubuntu-screenshots "http://shots.osdir.com/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla "http://www.mozilla.org/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla-firefox "http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">
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<!ENTITY gnu "http://www.gnu.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnu-philosophy "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">
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<!ENTITY win4lin "http://www.win4lin.com">
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<!ENTITY codeweavers "http://www.codeweavers.com">
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<!ENTITY kernel "http://www.kernel.org">
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<!ENTITY google "http://www.google.com">
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<!ENTITY kdelook " http://www.kde-look.org">
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<!ENTITY lulu-store "http://www.lulu.com/ubuntu-doc">
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<!-- this entity controls the url for addons--><!ENTITY java-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY skype-deb "skype_1.2.0.17-1_i386.deb">
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<!ENTITY skype-download "http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-gz "scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-url "http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/packages/scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY ext2fs-url "http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html">
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<!ENTITY mvb-tar "mvb_1.6.tgz">
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<!ENTITY mvb-url "http://www.xscd.com/pub/mvb/&mvb-tar;">
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<!-- TLDP --><!ENTITY ldp-pre-install-check "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Pre-Installation-Checklist/">
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<!-- LANGUAGES (sorted by two letter code)--><!ENTITY Afar "aa">
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<!ENTITY Abkhazian "ab">
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<!ENTITY Afrikaans "af">
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<!ENTITY Amharic "af">
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<!ENTITY Arabic "ar">
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<!ENTITY Assamese "as">
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<!ENTITY Aymara "ay">
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<!ENTITY Azerbaijani "az">
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<!ENTITY Bashkir "ba">
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<!ENTITY Byelorussian "be">
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<!ENTITY Bulgarian "bg">
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<!ENTITY Bihari "bh">
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<!ENTITY Bislama "bi">
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<!ENTITY Bangla "bn">
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<!ENTITY Bengali "bn">
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<!ENTITY Tibetan "bo">
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<!ENTITY Breton "br">
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<!ENTITY Catalan "ca">
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<!ENTITY Corsican "co">
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<!ENTITY Danish "da">
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<!ENTITY German "de">
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<!ENTITY Bhutani "dz">
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<!-- <!ENTITY EnglishAmerican 'en'> --><!ENTITY EnglishAmerican "C">
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<!ENTITY Esperanto "eo">
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<!ENTITY Spanish "es">
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<!ENTITY Estonian "et">
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<!ENTITY Basque "eu">
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<!ENTITY Persian "fa">
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<!ENTITY Finnish "fi">
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<!ENTITY Faeroese "fo">
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<!ENTITY French "fr">
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<!ENTITY Frisian "fy">
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<!ENTITY Gaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY ScotsGaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY Galician "gl">
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<!ENTITY Guarani "gn">
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<!ENTITY Gujarati "gu">
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<!ENTITY Croatian "hr">
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<!ENTITY Hungarian "hu">
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<!ENTITY Armenian "hy">
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<!ENTITY Interlingua "ia">
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<!ENTITY Interlingue "ie">
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<!ENTITY Inupiak "ik">
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<!ENTITY Indonesian "in">
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<!ENTITY Icelandic "is">
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<!ENTITY Italian "it">
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<!ENTITY Hebrew "iw">
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<!ENTITY Japanese "ja">
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<!ENTITY Yiddish "ji">
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<!ENTITY Javanese "jw">
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<!ENTITY Georgian "ka">
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<!ENTITY Kazakh "kk">
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<!ENTITY Greenlandic "kl">
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<!ENTITY Cambodian "km">
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<!ENTITY Kannada "kn">
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<!ENTITY Korean "ko">
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<!ENTITY Kashmiri "ks">
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<!ENTITY Kurdish "ku">
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<!ENTITY Kirghiz "ky">
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<!ENTITY Lingala "ln">
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<!ENTITY Laothian "lo">
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<!ENTITY Lithuanian "lt">
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<!ENTITY Latvian "lv">
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<!ENTITY Lettish "lv">
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<!ENTITY Malagasy "mg">
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<!ENTITY Macedonian "mk">
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<!ENTITY Malayalam "ml">
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<!ENTITY Mongolian "mn">
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<!ENTITY Moldavian "mo">
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<!ENTITY Marathi "mr">
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<!ENTITY Maltese "mt">
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<!ENTITY Burmese "my">
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<!ENTITY Nepali "ne">
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<!ENTITY Norwegian "no">
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<!ENTITY Occitan "oc">
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<!ENTITY Punjabi "pa">
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<!ENTITY Polish "pl">
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<!ENTITY Pushto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Pashto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Portuguese "pt">
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<!ENTITY Quechua "qu">
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<!ENTITY Rhaeto-Romance "rm">
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<!ENTITY Kirundi "rn">
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<!ENTITY Romanian "ro">
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<!ENTITY Russian "ru">
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<!ENTITY Kinyarwanda "rw">
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<!ENTITY Sanskrit "sa">
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<!ENTITY Sindhi "sd">
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<!ENTITY Sangro "sg">
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<!ENTITY Serbo-Croatian "sh">
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<!ENTITY Singhalese "si">
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<!ENTITY Slovak "sk">
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<!ENTITY Slovenian "sl">
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<!ENTITY Samoan "sm">
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<!ENTITY Somali "so">
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<!ENTITY Albanian "sq">
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<!ENTITY Serbian "sr">
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<!ENTITY Siswati "ss">
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<!ENTITY Sesotho "st">
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<!ENTITY Sudanese "su">
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<!ENTITY Swedish "sv">
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<!ENTITY Swahili "sw">
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<!ENTITY Tegulu "te">
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<!ENTITY Tigrinya "ti">
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<!ENTITY Turkmen "tk">
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<!ENTITY Tagalog "tl">
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<!ENTITY Setswana "tn">
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<!ENTITY Turkish "tr">
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<!ENTITY Tsonga "ts">
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<!ENTITY Ukrainian "uk">
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<!ENTITY Vietnamese "vi">
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<!ENTITY Volapuk "vo">
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<!ENTITY Yoruba "yo">
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<!ENTITY Chinese "zh">
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<!ENTITY % cdo-C SYSTEM "../../../libs/cdo-C.ent">
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<!-- COMMON DOC OBJECTS --><!ENTITY copyright SYSTEM "../common/C/copyright.xml">
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<!ENTITY conventions SYSTEM "../common/C/conventions.xml">
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<!ENTITY feedback SYSTEM "../common/C/feedback.xml">
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<!ENTITY publisher SYSTEM "../common/C/publisher.xml">
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<!ENTITY disclaimer SYSTEM "../common/C/disclaimer.xml">
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<!ENTITY inline-ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/inlinemediaobject-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY inline-ubuntu-icon-header SYSTEM "../common/C/inlinemediaobject-ubuntu-icon-header.xml">
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<!ENTITY relative-ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/mediaobject-relative-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/mediaobject-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY gpl SYSTEM "../common/C/gpl.xml">
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<!ENTITY fdl SYSTEM "../common/C/fdl.xml">
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<!ENTITY cc-by-sa SYSTEM "../common/C/ccbysa.xml">
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<!ENTITY licenses SYSTEM "../common/C/licenses.xml">
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<!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../common/C/legalnotice.xml">
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<!ENTITY klegalnotice SYSTEM "../kubuntu/libs/legalnotice.xml">
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<!ENTITY % gnome-menus-C SYSTEM "../../libs/gnome-menus-C.ent">
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<!-- MENUS --><!-- Please keep entries alphabetical, it makes them much easier to find & use --><!ENTITY about-me "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>About-me</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY accessories "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY acro-read "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Acrobat Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY administration "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY aisleriot "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>AisleRiot Solitaire</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY amule "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>aMule</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY archive-man "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Archive Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY assistive-technology-preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Assistive Technology Support</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY audacity "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Audacity</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY azureus "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Azureus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY baobab "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Disk Usage Analyzer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY bittorrent "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Bittorrent</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
293
<!ENTITY blender3d "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Blender 3d modeller</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY bluefish "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Bluefish Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY boot "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Boot</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY bum "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Boot-up Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
297
<!ENTITY calculator "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Calculator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
298
<!ENTITY character-map "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Character Map</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
299
<!ENTITY compizconfig "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>CompizConfig Settings Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
300
<!ENTITY computer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Computer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
301
<!ENTITY cowbell "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Cowbell Music Organizer</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>">
302
<!ENTITY chromium "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Chromium</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
303
<!ENTITY desktop-background "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Desktop Background</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
304
<!ENTITY desktop-effects "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Appearance</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Desktop Effects</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
305
<!ENTITY desktop-preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
306
<!ENTITY devhelp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Programming</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Devhelp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
307
<!ENTITY device-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Device Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
308
<!ENTITY dictionary "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Dictionary</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
309
<!ENTITY disks "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Disks</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
310
<!ENTITY downloader-x "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Downloader for X</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
311
<!ENTITY eclipse-ide "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Eclipse IDE</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
312
<!ENTITY ekiga "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Ekiga Softphone</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
313
<!ENTITY efax-gtk "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Efax-gtk</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
314
<!ENTITY etherape "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Etherape</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
315
<!ENTITY evolution-mail "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Evolution Mail</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
316
<!ENTITY file-management "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>File Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
317
<!ENTITY firefox "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Firefox Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
318
<!ENTITY firestarter-firewall-tool "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Firestarter</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
319
<!ENTITY five-or-more "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Five or More</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
320
<!ENTITY font "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Font</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
321
<!ENTITY f-spot "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>F-Spot Photo Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
322
<!ENTITY frozen-bubble "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Frozen Bubble</guisubmenu></menuchoice> to play <application>Frozen Bubble</application>">
323
<!ENTITY gambas "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Gambas</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
324
<!ENTITY games "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
325
<!ENTITY gdesklets "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>gDesklets</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
326
<!ENTITY gftp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>gFTP</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
327
<!ENTITY gimp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>GIMP Image Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
328
<!ENTITY gnome-app-install "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Add/Remove...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
329
<!ENTITY gnome-config-editor "<screen><command>gconf-editor</command></screen>">
330
<!ENTITY gparted "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration </guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Gnome Partition Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
331
<!ENTITY graphics "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
332
<!ENTITY gthumb "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>gThumb Image Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
333
<!ENTITY gtkpod "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>gtkpod</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
334
<!ENTITY gnucash "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>GnuCash Finance Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
335
<!ENTITY home-folder "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Home Folder</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
336
<!ENTITY homebank "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>HomeBank</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
337
<!ENTITY hubackup "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Backup</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
338
<!ENTITY hurestore "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Restore</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
339
<!ENTITY inkscape "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Inkscape SVG Vector Illustrator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
340
<!ENTITY internet "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
341
<!ENTITY kdevelop "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Programming</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
342
<!ENTITY keyboard "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Keyboard</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
343
<!ENTITY keyboard-shortcuts "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Keyboard Shortcuts</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
344
<!ENTITY liferea "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Liferea Feed Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
345
<!ENTITY limewire "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>LimeWire</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
346
<!ENTITY login-screen-setup "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Login Window</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
347
<!ENTITY logout "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Log Out</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
348
<!ENTITY mahjongg "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mahjongg</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
349
<!ENTITY menu-editor "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Applications Menu Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
350
<!ENTITY menus-and-toolbars "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Menus & Toolbars</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
351
<!ENTITY monodevelop "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>MonoDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
352
<!ENTITY monodoc "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>MonoDoc</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
353
<!ENTITY mouse "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mouse</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
354
<!ENTITY multimedia-systems-selector "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Multimedia Systems Selector</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
355
<!ENTITY ndisgtk "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Windows Wireless Drivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
356
<!ENTITY network-proxy "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network Proxy</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
357
<!ENTITY network-tools "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network Tools</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
358
<!ENTITY networking "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
359
<!ENTITY network-servers "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
360
<!ENTITY neverball "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Neverball</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
361
<!ENTITY neverputt "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Neverputt</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
362
<!ENTITY nexuiz "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Nexuiz</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
363
<!ENTITY open-office "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
364
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365
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366
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367
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368
<!ENTITY openoffice-writer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Word Processor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
369
<!ENTITY palmos-devices "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>PalmOS Devices</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
370
<!ENTITY pan "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Pan Newsreader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
371
<!ENTITY photoprint "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>PhotoPrint</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
372
<!ENTITY pidgin "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Pidgin Internet Messenger</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
373
<!ENTITY power-management "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Power Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
374
<!ENTITY ppracer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Planet Penguin Racer</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
375
<!ENTITY preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
376
<!ENTITY preferred-applications "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Preferred Applications</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
377
<!ENTITY printing "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Printing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
378
<!ENTITY qtparted "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>QTParted</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
379
<!ENTITY quit "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Quit...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
380
<!ENTITY remote-desktop "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Remote Desktop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
381
<!ENTITY removable-drives-and-media "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Removable Drives and Media</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
382
<!ENTITY realplayer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>RealPlayer [version #]</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
383
<!ENTITY restricted-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Restricted Drivers Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
384
<!ENTITY rhythmbox "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Rhythmbox Music Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
385
<!ENTITY route-planner "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>aMule</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
386
<!ENTITY scorched3d "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Scorched 3D</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
387
<!ENTITY screen-resolution "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Screen Resolution</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
388
<!ENTITY screensaver "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Screensaver</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
389
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390
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391
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392
<!ENTITY sessions "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sessions</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
393
<!ENTITY shared-folders "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Shared Folders</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
394
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395
<!ENTITY software-properties "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Software Sources</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
396
<!ENTITY sound "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sound</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
397
<!ENTITY soundandvideo "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
398
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399
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400
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401
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402
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403
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404
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405
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406
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407
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408
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409
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410
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411
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412
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413
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414
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415
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416
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417
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418
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420
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421
<!ENTITY language "&EnglishAmerican;">
423
<?db.chunk.max_depth 0?>
424
<?yelp:chunk-depth 0?>
427
<title>Ubuntu - Linux for Human Beings!</title>
430
<title>Credits and License</title>
431
<para>This document is maintained by the Ubuntu documentation team (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam). For a list of contributors, see the <ulink url="../../../common/C/contributors.xml">contributors page</ulink></para>
432
<para>This document is made available under the Creative Commons ShareAlike 2.5 License (CC-BY-SA).</para>
433
<para>You are free to modify, extend, and improve the Ubuntu documentation source code under the
434
terms of this license. All derivative works must be released under this license.</para>
435
<para>This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
436
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
437
PURPOSE AS DESCRIBED IN THE DISCLAIMER.</para>
438
<para>A copy of the license is available here: <ulink url="/usr/share/ubuntu-docs/common/C/ccbysa.xml">Creative Commons ShareAlike License</ulink>.</para>
441
<year>2004, 2005, 2006</year>
442
<holder>Canonical Ltd. and members of the Ubuntu Documentation Project</holder>
445
<publishername>The Ubuntu Documentation Project</publishername>
449
<para>This section is an introduction to Ubuntu. It explains the Ubuntu philosophy and roots, gives information about how to contribute to Ubuntu, and shows how to get help with Ubuntu.</para>
453
<imagedata fileref="../../libs/img/ubuntuheader.png" format="PNG"/>
456
<phrase>Ubuntu Logo</phrase>
460
<para>Thank you for your interest in Ubuntu 7.10
461
- the <emphasis>Gutsy Gibbon</emphasis> - released in October 2007.
463
<para>Ubuntu is an entirely open source operating system built around the
464
<emphasis>Linux</emphasis> kernel. The Ubuntu community is built around the ideals enshrined in the <ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">Ubuntu Philosophy</ulink>: that software should be
465
available free of charge, that software tools should be usable
466
by people in their local language and despite any disabilities,
467
and that people should have the freedom to customize and alter
468
their software in whatever way they see fit. For those reasons:
471
<para>Ubuntu will always be free of charge, and there is
472
no extra fee for the "enterprise
473
edition", we make our very best work
474
available to everyone on the same Free terms.
478
<para>Ubuntu includes the very best in translations and
479
accessibility infrastructure that the free software
480
community has to offer, to make Ubuntu usable for as
481
many people as possible.
485
<para>Ubuntu is released regularly and predictably; a
486
new release is made every six months. You can use
487
the current stable release or the current
488
development release. Each release is supported for
493
<para>Ubuntu is entirely committed to the principles of
494
open source software development; we encourage
495
people to use open source software, improve it and
501
<para>Find out more at <ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com">the Ubuntu website</ulink>.
504
<sect1 id="about-ubuntu-name" status="complete">
505
<title>About the Name</title>
506
<para>Ubuntu is a South African ethical ideology focusing on
507
people's allegiances and relations with each other. The
508
word comes from the Zulu and Xhosa languages. Ubuntu
509
(pronounced "oo-BOON-too") is seen as a
510
traditional African concept, is regarded as one of the
511
founding principles of the new republic of South Africa
512
and is connected to the idea of an African Renaissance.
514
<para>A rough translation of the principle of Ubuntu is
515
"humanity towards others". Another
516
translation could be: "the belief in a
517
universal bond of sharing that connects all
520
<blockquote><attribution>Archbishop Desmond Tutu</attribution>
521
<para>"A person with ubuntu is open and available to others, affirming of others, does not feel threatened that others are able and good, for he or she has a proper self-assurance that comes from knowing that he or she belongs in a greater whole and is diminished when others are humiliated or diminished, when others are tortured or oppressed."
524
<para>As a platform based on Linux, the Ubuntu
525
operating system brings the spirit of ubuntu to the software
529
<sect1 id="free-software" status="complete">
530
<title>Free Software</title>
531
<para>The Ubuntu project is entirely committed to the
532
principles of free software development; people
533
are encouraged to use free software, improve it,
536
<para>"Free software" doesn't mean that you shouldn't have to pay for it (although Ubuntu is committed to being free of charge as well); it means that you should be able to use the software in any way you wish: the code that makes up free software is available for anyone to download, change, fix, and use in any way. Alongside ideological benefits, this freedom also has technical advantages: when programs are developed, the hard work of others can be used and built upon. With non-free software, this cannot happen and when programs are developed, they have to start from scratch. For this reason the development of free software is fast, efficient and exciting!
538
<para>You can find out more about free software and the ideological and technical philosophy behind it at the <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">GNU website</ulink>.
541
<sect1 id="ubuntu-difference" status="complete">
542
<title>The Difference</title>
543
<para>There are many different operating systems based on Linux:
544
Debian, SuSE, Gentoo, Red Hat, and Mandriva are examples.
545
Ubuntu is yet another contender in what
546
is already a highly competitive world. So what makes
549
<para>Based on Debian, one of the most widely acclaimed,
550
technologically advanced, and well-supported
551
distributions, Ubuntu
552
aims to create a distribution that provides
553
an up-to-date and coherent Linux system for desktop and
554
server computing. Ubuntu includes a number of carefully
555
selected packages from the Debian distribution and
556
retains its powerful package management system which
557
allows easy installation and clean removal of programs. Unlike most
558
distributions that ship with a large amount of software
559
that may or may not be of use, Ubuntu's list of packages
560
is reduced to a number of important applications of high
563
<para>By focusing on quality, Ubuntu produces a robust and
564
feature-rich computing environment that is suitable for
565
use in both home and commercial environments. The
566
project takes the time required to focus on finer
567
details and is able to release a version featuring the
568
latest and greatest of today's software once every 6
569
months. Ubuntu is available in flavours for the i386
570
(386/486/Pentium(II/III/IV) and Athlon/Duron/Sempron
571
processors), AMD64 (Athlon64, Opteron, and new 64-bit
572
Intel processors), and Sun UltraSPARC architectures.
575
<sect1 id="ubuntu-desktop" status="review">
576
<title>The Desktop</title>
577
<para>The desktop is what you see after you log in to your computer and what
578
you use to manage and run applications. The default desktop environment for
579
Ubuntu is <ulink url="http://www.gnome.org/">GNOME</ulink>, a leading UNIX and Linux
580
desktop suite and development platform.</para>
581
<para>You can optionally install the <ulink url="http://www.kde.org/">KDE</ulink> and
582
<ulink url="http://www.xfce.org/">Xfce</ulink> desktop environments, which have their own
583
distinctive look and feel. KDE and Xfce are made available in Ubuntu by the
584
<ulink url="http://www.kubuntu.org">Kubuntu</ulink> and
585
<ulink url="http://www.xubuntu.org">Xubuntu</ulink> projects respectively. You can
586
even install a KDE-only or Xfce-only version of Ubuntu if you wish.</para>
588
<sect1 id="version-numbers" status="complete">
589
<title>Version and Release Numbers</title>
590
<para>The Ubuntu version numbering scheme is based on the
591
date we release a version of the distribution. The
592
version number comes from the year and month of the
593
release rather than reflecting the actual version of the
595
<para>Our first release (Warty Warthog) was in
596
October 2004 so its version was 4.10. This version (Gutsy Gibbon) was
597
released in October 2007 so its version number is 7.10.
600
<sect1 id="ubuntu-backing-support" status="complete">
601
<title>Backing and Support</title>
602
<para>Ubuntu is maintained by a quickly growing community.
603
The project is sponsored by <ulink url="http://www.canonical.com">Canonical Ltd.</ulink>, a
604
holding company founded by Mark Shuttleworth. Canonical
605
employs the core Ubuntu developers and offers support and consulting services
608
<para>Canonical Ltd. also sponsors a number of other Open Source software projects, about which more information can be found on the <ulink url="http://www.canonical.com">Canonical website</ulink>.
611
<sect1 id="about-linux" status="complete">
612
<title>What is Linux?</title>
613
<para>The <ulink url="http://www.kernel.org">Linux kernel</ulink>, pronounced
614
'linnuks' is the heart of the Ubuntu operating system.
615
A kernel is an important part of
616
any operating system, providing the communication bridge between
617
hardware and software.
619
<para>Linux was brought to life in 1991 by a Finnish student named
620
Linus Torvalds. At the time, it would run only on i386 systems,
621
and was essentially an independently created clone of the UNIX
622
kernel, intended to take advantage of the then-new i386
625
<para>Nowadays, thanks to a substantial amount of development
626
effort by people all around the world, Linux runs on virtually
627
every modern architecture.
629
<para>The Linux kernel has gained an ideological importance as well as a technical one.
630
There is an entire community of people who believe in the ideals
631
of free software and spend their time helping to make open
632
source technology as good as it can be.
634
<para>People in this community gave rise to initiatives such as
635
Ubuntu, standards committees that shape the development of the
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Internet, organizations like the Mozilla Foundation, responsible
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for creating Mozilla Firefox, and countless other software
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projects from which you've certainly benefited in the past.
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<para>The spirit of open source, commonly attributed to Linux, is
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influencing software developers and users everywhere to drive
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communities with common goals.
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<sect1 id="about-gnu" status="complete">
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<title>What is GNU?</title>
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<para>The <emphasis>GNU Project</emphasis>, pronounced “guh-noo”, was
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launched in 1984 to develop a complete
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UNIX style operating system which is comprised of free software: the GNU
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system. Variants of the GNU operating system,
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which use the Linux kernel, are now widely used.
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<para>The GNU project is closely linked to the philosophy of free
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software, which is central to the projects that derive from it,
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such as Ubuntu. The concept of free software is explained
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at <xref linkend="free-software"/>.