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<!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../../libs/global.ent">
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<!-- NAMES --><!ENTITY canonical-name "Canonical Ltd.">
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<!ENTITY project-name "Ubuntu Documentation Project">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>">
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<!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY distro-version "Gutsy Gibbon">
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<!ENTITY distro-rev "7.10">
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<!ENTITY distro-release-date "October 2007">
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<!ENTITY linux-kernel-version "2.6.22">
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<!ENTITY gcc-version "4.1.2">
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<!ENTITY glibc-version "2.5">
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<!ENTITY python-version "2.5">
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<!-- AUTHORS --><!ENTITY author-ubuntu-documentation-project SYSTEM "../common/authors/ubuntu-documentation-project.xml">
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<!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM "../common/C/glossary.xml">
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<!-- LEGAL URLs --><!ENTITY gpl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc "http://creativecommons.org/">
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<!ENTITY cc-attrib '<ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-fulldeed-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode/">
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<!ENTITY fdl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en">
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<!-- CANONICAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY canonical-url "http://www.canonical.com">
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<!-- OTHER UBUNTU RELATED RESOURCES --><!ENTITY upstart-url "http://upstart.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU IRC INFORMATION --><!ENTITY irc-network "Freenode">
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<!ENTITY irc-server "irc.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #ubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #xubuntu">
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<!ENTITY edubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #edubuntu">
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<!-- UBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY ubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-dpkgfile "ubuntu5.10.tar">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-web "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-main "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-download "http://www.ubuntu.com/download">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-forums "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-components "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-wiki "http://wiki.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-bugzilla "https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-bugs "https://launchpad.net/products/ubuntu-doc/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-support "http://www.ubuntu.com/support">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-paidsupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/paid">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-freesupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/free">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-comments "http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=21787">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation "http://help.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation-repos "https://docteam.ubuntu.com/repos/trunk">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-team "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-list "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-doc">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-shipit "http://shipit.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-launchpad "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-rosetta "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com/rosetta">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-planet "http://planet.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-philosophy "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-participate "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-marketplace "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/marketplace">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-hwdb "http://hwdb.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU WIKI RESOURCES --><!ENTITY wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY restricted-formats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RestrictedFormats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-XChatHowto "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/XChatHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RootSudo "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">
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<!ENTITY wiki-HowToGetHelp "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToGetHelp">
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<!ENTITY transcode "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DVDRippingandEncoding">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Wine "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wine">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Cedega "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Cedega">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Nano "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NanoHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-locoteams "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeamList">
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<!ENTITY wiki-BasicCommands "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BasicCommands">
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<!ENTITY wiki-filepermissions "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions">
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<!-- KUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY kubuntu-web "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-main "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-download "http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com/edgy/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-cdpackages-nodefault "http://people.ubuntu.com/~cjwatson/seeds/kubuntu-edgy/ship">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-users "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-devel "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-devel/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-mirrors "http://distrowatch.com/kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-forums "http://kubuntuforums.net">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki "https://wiki.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-documentation-site "http://www.kubuntu.org/documentation.php">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-support "http://www.kubuntu.org/support.php">
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<!-- XUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY xubuntu-web "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-main "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-web-help "http://www.xubuntu.org/help">
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<!-- DEBIAN RESOURCES --><!ENTITY debian-apt "http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">
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<!-- EXTERNAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY linmodem "http://www.linmodems.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnome "http://www.gnome.org/">
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<!ENTITY linuxorg "http://www.linux.org/">
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<!ENTITY ooo "http://www.openoffice.org/">
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<!ENTITY kde "http://www.kde.org/">
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<!ENTITY lugww "http://lugww.counter.li.org/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-watch "http://distrowatch.com/ubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY realplayer-download "http://www.real.com/linux/">
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<!ENTITY nvu-download "http://www.nvu.com/download.html">
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<!ENTITY sunjava-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY xorg "http://www.x.org">
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<!ENTITY dyndns "http://www.dyndns.org">
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<!ENTITY shoutcast "http://www.shoutcast.com/">
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<!ENTITY freedomtoaster "http://www.freedomtoaster.org/">
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<!ENTITY xfce "http://www.xfce.org/">
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<!-- ubuntu-screenshots TODO --><!ENTITY kubuntu-screenshots "http://shots.osdir.com/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla "http://www.mozilla.org/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla-firefox "http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">
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<!ENTITY gnu "http://www.gnu.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnu-philosophy "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">
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<!ENTITY win4lin "http://www.win4lin.com">
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<!ENTITY codeweavers "http://www.codeweavers.com">
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<!ENTITY kernel "http://www.kernel.org">
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<!ENTITY google "http://www.google.com">
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<!ENTITY kdelook " http://www.kde-look.org">
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<!ENTITY lulu-store "http://www.lulu.com/ubuntu-doc">
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<!-- this entity controls the url for addons--><!ENTITY java-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY skype-deb "skype_1.2.0.17-1_i386.deb">
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<!ENTITY skype-download "http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-gz "scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-url "http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/packages/scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY ext2fs-url "http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html">
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<!ENTITY mvb-tar "mvb_1.6.tgz">
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<!ENTITY mvb-url "http://www.xscd.com/pub/mvb/&mvb-tar;">
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<!-- TLDP --><!ENTITY ldp-pre-install-check "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Pre-Installation-Checklist/">
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<!-- LANGUAGES (sorted by two letter code)--><!ENTITY Afar "aa">
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<!ENTITY Abkhazian "ab">
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<!ENTITY Afrikaans "af">
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<!ENTITY Amharic "af">
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<!ENTITY Arabic "ar">
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<!ENTITY Assamese "as">
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<!ENTITY Aymara "ay">
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<!ENTITY Azerbaijani "az">
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<!ENTITY Bashkir "ba">
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<!ENTITY Byelorussian "be">
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<!ENTITY Bulgarian "bg">
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<!ENTITY Bihari "bh">
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<!ENTITY Bislama "bi">
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<!ENTITY Bangla "bn">
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<!ENTITY Bengali "bn">
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<!ENTITY Tibetan "bo">
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<!ENTITY Breton "br">
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<!ENTITY Catalan "ca">
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<!ENTITY Corsican "co">
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<!ENTITY Danish "da">
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<!ENTITY German "de">
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<!ENTITY Bhutani "dz">
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<!-- <!ENTITY EnglishAmerican 'en'> --><!ENTITY EnglishAmerican "C">
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<!ENTITY Esperanto "eo">
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<!ENTITY Spanish "es">
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<!ENTITY Estonian "et">
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<!ENTITY Basque "eu">
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<!ENTITY Persian "fa">
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<!ENTITY Finnish "fi">
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<!ENTITY Faeroese "fo">
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<!ENTITY French "fr">
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<!ENTITY Frisian "fy">
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<!ENTITY Gaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY ScotsGaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY Galician "gl">
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<!ENTITY Guarani "gn">
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<!ENTITY Gujarati "gu">
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<!ENTITY Croatian "hr">
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<!ENTITY Hungarian "hu">
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<!ENTITY Armenian "hy">
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<!ENTITY Interlingua "ia">
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<!ENTITY Interlingue "ie">
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<!ENTITY Inupiak "ik">
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<!ENTITY Indonesian "in">
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<!ENTITY Icelandic "is">
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<!ENTITY Italian "it">
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<!ENTITY Hebrew "iw">
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<!ENTITY Japanese "ja">
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<!ENTITY Yiddish "ji">
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<!ENTITY Javanese "jw">
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<!ENTITY Georgian "ka">
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<!ENTITY Kazakh "kk">
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<!ENTITY Greenlandic "kl">
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<!ENTITY Cambodian "km">
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<!ENTITY Kannada "kn">
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<!ENTITY Korean "ko">
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<!ENTITY Kashmiri "ks">
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<!ENTITY Kurdish "ku">
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<!ENTITY Kirghiz "ky">
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<!ENTITY Lingala "ln">
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<!ENTITY Laothian "lo">
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<!ENTITY Lithuanian "lt">
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<!ENTITY Latvian "lv">
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<!ENTITY Lettish "lv">
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<!ENTITY Malagasy "mg">
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<!ENTITY Macedonian "mk">
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<!ENTITY Malayalam "ml">
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<!ENTITY Mongolian "mn">
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<!ENTITY Moldavian "mo">
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<!ENTITY Marathi "mr">
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<!ENTITY Maltese "mt">
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<!ENTITY Burmese "my">
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<!ENTITY Nepali "ne">
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<!ENTITY Norwegian "no">
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<!ENTITY Occitan "oc">
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<!ENTITY Punjabi "pa">
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<!ENTITY Polish "pl">
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<!ENTITY Pushto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Pashto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Portuguese "pt">
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<!ENTITY Quechua "qu">
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<!ENTITY Rhaeto-Romance "rm">
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<!ENTITY Kirundi "rn">
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<!ENTITY Romanian "ro">
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<!ENTITY Russian "ru">
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<!ENTITY Kinyarwanda "rw">
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<!ENTITY Sanskrit "sa">
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<!ENTITY Sindhi "sd">
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<!ENTITY Sangro "sg">
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<!ENTITY Serbo-Croatian "sh">
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<!ENTITY Singhalese "si">
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<!ENTITY Slovak "sk">
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<!ENTITY Slovenian "sl">
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<!ENTITY Samoan "sm">
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<!ENTITY Somali "so">
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<!ENTITY Albanian "sq">
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<!ENTITY Serbian "sr">
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<!ENTITY Siswati "ss">
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<!ENTITY Sesotho "st">
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<!ENTITY Sudanese "su">
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<!ENTITY Swedish "sv">
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<!ENTITY Swahili "sw">
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<!ENTITY Tegulu "te">
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<!ENTITY Tigrinya "ti">
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<!ENTITY Turkmen "tk">
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<!ENTITY Tagalog "tl">
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<!ENTITY Setswana "tn">
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<!ENTITY Turkish "tr">
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<!ENTITY Tsonga "ts">
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<!ENTITY Ukrainian "uk">
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<!ENTITY Vietnamese "vi">
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<!ENTITY Volapuk "vo">
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<!ENTITY Yoruba "yo">
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<!ENTITY Chinese "zh">
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<!ENTITY % cdo-C SYSTEM "../../../libs/cdo-C.ent">
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<!-- COMMON DOC OBJECTS --><!ENTITY copyright SYSTEM "../common/C/copyright.xml">
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<!ENTITY conventions SYSTEM "../common/C/conventions.xml">
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<!ENTITY feedback SYSTEM "../common/C/feedback.xml">
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<!ENTITY publisher SYSTEM "../common/C/publisher.xml">
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<!ENTITY disclaimer SYSTEM "../common/C/disclaimer.xml">
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<!ENTITY inline-ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/inlinemediaobject-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY inline-ubuntu-icon-header SYSTEM "../common/C/inlinemediaobject-ubuntu-icon-header.xml">
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<!ENTITY relative-ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/mediaobject-relative-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/mediaobject-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY gpl SYSTEM "../common/C/gpl.xml">
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<!ENTITY fdl SYSTEM "../common/C/fdl.xml">
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<!ENTITY cc-by-sa SYSTEM "../common/C/ccbysa.xml">
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<!ENTITY licenses SYSTEM "../common/C/licenses.xml">
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<!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../common/C/legalnotice.xml">
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<!ENTITY klegalnotice SYSTEM "../kubuntu/libs/legalnotice.xml">
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<!ENTITY % gnome-menus-C SYSTEM "../../../ubuntu/libs/gnome-menus-C.ent">
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<!-- MENUS --><!-- Please keep entries alphabetical, it makes them much easier to find & use --><!ENTITY about-me "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>About-me</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY accessories "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY acro-read "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Acrobat Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY administration "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY aisleriot "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>AisleRiot Solitaire</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY amule "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>aMule</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY archive-man "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Archive Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY assistive-technology-preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Assistive Technology Support</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY audacity "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Audacity</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY azureus "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Azureus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
291
<!ENTITY baobab "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Disk Usage Analyzer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY bittorrent "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Bittorrent</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
293
<!ENTITY blender3d "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Blender 3d modeller</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
294
<!ENTITY bluefish "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Bluefish Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
295
<!ENTITY boot "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Boot</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
296
<!ENTITY bum "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Boot-up Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
297
<!ENTITY calculator "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Calculator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
298
<!ENTITY character-map "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Character Map</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
299
<!ENTITY compizconfig "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>CompizConfig Settings Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
300
<!ENTITY computer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Computer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
301
<!ENTITY cowbell "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Cowbell Music Organizer</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>">
302
<!ENTITY chromium "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Chromium</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
303
<!ENTITY desktop-background "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Desktop Background</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
304
<!ENTITY desktop-effects "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Appearance</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Desktop Effects</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
305
<!ENTITY desktop-preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
306
<!ENTITY devhelp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Programming</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Devhelp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
307
<!ENTITY device-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Device Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
308
<!ENTITY dictionary "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Dictionary</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
309
<!ENTITY disks "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Disks</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
310
<!ENTITY downloader-x "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Downloader for X</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
311
<!ENTITY eclipse-ide "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Eclipse IDE</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
312
<!ENTITY ekiga "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Ekiga Softphone</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
313
<!ENTITY efax-gtk "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Efax-gtk</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
314
<!ENTITY etherape "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Etherape</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
315
<!ENTITY evolution-mail "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Evolution Mail</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
316
<!ENTITY file-management "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>File Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
317
<!ENTITY firefox "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Firefox Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
318
<!ENTITY firestarter-firewall-tool "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Firestarter</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
319
<!ENTITY five-or-more "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Five or More</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
320
<!ENTITY font "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Font</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
321
<!ENTITY f-spot "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>F-Spot Photo Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
322
<!ENTITY frozen-bubble "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Frozen Bubble</guisubmenu></menuchoice> to play <application>Frozen Bubble</application>">
323
<!ENTITY gambas "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Gambas</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
324
<!ENTITY games "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
325
<!ENTITY gdesklets "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>gDesklets</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
326
<!ENTITY gftp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>gFTP</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
327
<!ENTITY gimp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>GIMP Image Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
328
<!ENTITY gnome-app-install "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Add/Remove...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
329
<!ENTITY gnome-config-editor "<screen><command>gconf-editor</command></screen>">
330
<!ENTITY gparted "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration </guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Gnome Partition Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
331
<!ENTITY graphics "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
332
<!ENTITY gthumb "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>gThumb Image Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
333
<!ENTITY gtkpod "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>gtkpod</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
334
<!ENTITY gnucash "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>GnuCash Finance Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
335
<!ENTITY home-folder "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Home Folder</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
336
<!ENTITY homebank "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>HomeBank</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
337
<!ENTITY hubackup "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Backup</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
338
<!ENTITY hurestore "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Restore</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
339
<!ENTITY inkscape "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Inkscape SVG Vector Illustrator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
340
<!ENTITY internet "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
341
<!ENTITY kdevelop "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Programming</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
342
<!ENTITY keyboard "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Keyboard</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
343
<!ENTITY keyboard-shortcuts "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Keyboard Shortcuts</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
344
<!ENTITY liferea "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Liferea Feed Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
345
<!ENTITY limewire "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>LimeWire</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
346
<!ENTITY login-screen-setup "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Login Window</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
347
<!ENTITY logout "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Log Out</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
348
<!ENTITY mahjongg "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mahjongg</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
349
<!ENTITY menu-editor "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Applications Menu Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
350
<!ENTITY menus-and-toolbars "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Menus & Toolbars</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
351
<!ENTITY monodevelop "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>MonoDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
352
<!ENTITY monodoc "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>MonoDoc</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
353
<!ENTITY mouse "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mouse</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
354
<!ENTITY multimedia-systems-selector "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Multimedia Systems Selector</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
355
<!ENTITY ndisgtk "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Windows Wireless Drivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
356
<!ENTITY network-proxy "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network Proxy</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
357
<!ENTITY network-tools "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network Tools</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
358
<!ENTITY networking "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
359
<!ENTITY network-servers "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
360
<!ENTITY neverball "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Neverball</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
361
<!ENTITY neverputt "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Neverputt</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
362
<!ENTITY nexuiz "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Nexuiz</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
363
<!ENTITY open-office "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
364
<!ENTITY openoffice-base "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Database</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
365
<!ENTITY openoffice-draw "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Draw</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
366
<!ENTITY openoffice-presentation "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Presentation</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
367
<!ENTITY openoffice-spreadsheet "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Spreadsheet</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
368
<!ENTITY openoffice-writer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Word Processor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
369
<!ENTITY palmos-devices "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>PalmOS Devices</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
370
<!ENTITY pan "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Pan Newsreader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
371
<!ENTITY photoprint "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>PhotoPrint</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
372
<!ENTITY pidgin "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Pidgin Internet Messenger</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
373
<!ENTITY power-management "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Power Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
374
<!ENTITY ppracer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Planet Penguin Racer</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
375
<!ENTITY preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
376
<!ENTITY preferred-applications "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Preferred Applications</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
377
<!ENTITY printing "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Printing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
378
<!ENTITY qtparted "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>QTParted</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
379
<!ENTITY quit "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Quit...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
380
<!ENTITY remote-desktop "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Remote Desktop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
381
<!ENTITY removable-drives-and-media "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Removable Drives and Media</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
382
<!ENTITY realplayer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>RealPlayer [version #]</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
383
<!ENTITY restricted-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Restricted Drivers Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
384
<!ENTITY rhythmbox "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Rhythmbox Music Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
385
<!ENTITY route-planner "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>aMule</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
386
<!ENTITY scorched3d "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Scorched 3D</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
387
<!ENTITY screen-resolution "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Screen Resolution</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
388
<!ENTITY screensaver "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Screensaver</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
389
<!ENTITY scribus "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Scribus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
390
<!ENTITY serpentine "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Serpentine Audio CD Creator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
391
<!ENTITY services "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Services</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
392
<!ENTITY sessions "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sessions</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
393
<!ENTITY shared-folders "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Shared Folders</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
394
<!ENTITY skype "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Skype</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
395
<!ENTITY software-properties "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Software Sources</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
396
<!ENTITY sound "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sound</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
397
<!ENTITY soundandvideo "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
398
<!ENTITY soundjuicer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sound Juicer CD Extractor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
399
<!ENTITY supertux "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>SuperTux</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
400
<!ENTITY synaptic "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Synaptic Package Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
401
<!ENTITY system-monitor "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>System Monitor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
402
<!ENTITY systemtools "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
403
<!ENTITY terminal "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Terminal</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
404
<!ENTITY text-editor "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Text Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
405
<!ENTITY theme "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Theme</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
406
<!ENTITY thunderbird "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Thunderbird Mail Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
407
<!ENTITY time-date "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Time and Date</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
408
<!ENTITY totem "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Movie Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
409
<!ENTITY touchpad "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Touchpad</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
410
<!ENTITY tremulous "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Tremulous</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
411
<!ENTITY ubuntu-update-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Ubuntu Update Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
412
<!ENTITY update-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Update Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
413
<!ENTITY users "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Users and Groups</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
414
<!ENTITY users-groups "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Users and Groups</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
415
<!ENTITY windows "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Windows</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
416
<!ENTITY wireshark "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Wireshark</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
417
<!ENTITY xchat-gnome "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Xchat-GNOME IRC Chat</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
418
<!ENTITY xine "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>xine</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
419
<!ENTITY xmms "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>XMMS</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
420
<!ENTITY xsane "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>XSane Image Scanner</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
421
<!ENTITY % xinclude SYSTEM "../../../libs/xinclude.mod">
422
<!ELEMENT xi:include (xi:fallback)?>
423
<!ATTLIST xi:include xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
424
<!ATTLIST xi:include href CDATA #REQUIRED>
425
<!ATTLIST xi:include parse (xml | text) "xml">
426
<!ATTLIST xi:include xpointer CDATA #IMPLIED>
427
<!ATTLIST xi:include encoding CDATA #IMPLIED>
428
<!ATTLIST xi:include accept CDATA #IMPLIED>
429
<!ATTLIST xi:include accept-charset CDATA #IMPLIED>
430
<!ATTLIST xi:include accept-language CDATA #IMPLIED>
431
<!ELEMENT xi:fallback ANY>
432
<!ATTLIST xi:fallback xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
433
<!ENTITY % local.preface.class "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.part.class "| xi:include">
435
<!ENTITY % local.chapter.class "| xi:include">
436
<!ENTITY % local.divcomponent.mix "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.para.char.mix "| xi:include">
438
<!ENTITY % local.info.class "| xi:include">
439
<!ENTITY % local.common.attrib "xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude'">
440
<!ENTITY language "en">
441
<!ENTITY gnome-partition-editor "<application>GNOME Partition Editor</application>">
443
<?db.chunk.max_depth 2?>
444
<?yelp:chunk-depth 2?>
445
<article lang="zh_CN" id="hardware">
447
<title>应用硬件设备</title>
450
<title>贡献者与授权许可</title>
451
<para>本文档由 Ubuntu 文档团队（https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam）维护。贡献者名单详见<ulink url="../../../common/C/contributors.xml">贡献者页面</ulink>。</para>
452
<para>本文档在 Creative Commons ShareAlike 2.5 授权许可 (CC-BY-SA) 的条款下发布。</para>
453
<para>你可以基于本许可的条款而自由地对Ubuntu文档源码进行修正、扩充，以及改善。所有衍生作品必须基于本许可来发布。</para>
454
<para>发布本文档是希望它有用，但它并不提供任何担保；甚至如免责声明中所说那样对特定目标的适销性或适用性也不提供任何隐性的担保。</para>
455
<para>该授权许可的副本可以由这里获得：<ulink url="/usr/share/ubuntu-docs/common/C/ccbysa.xml">Creative Commons ShareAlike License</ulink>。</para>
458
<year>2004, 2005, 2006</year>
459
<holder>Canonical Ltd.（Canonical有限公司）及Ubuntu文档项目成员。</holder>
462
<publishername>Ubuntu文档项目</publishername>
466
<para>你的计算机是由若干被称作计算机<emphasis>硬件</emphasis>的设备组合而成的。</para>
467
<para>Ubuntu通常会自动配置你的硬件，然而或许在某些情况下，你需要自己对硬件设置进行改动。</para>
468
<sect1 id="restricted-manager" status="writing">
469
<title>受限制的驱动程序</title>
470
<para>你的计算机所连接的某些设备可能需要安装受限驱动才能正常工作</para>
471
<sect2 id="restrictedmanager-whyrestricted" status="writing">
472
<title>为什么有的驱动程序会受到限制？</title>
473
<para>Most of the devices (hardware) attached to your computer should function properly in Ubuntu. These devices are likely to have <emphasis>unrestricted</emphasis> drivers, which means that the drivers can be modified by the Ubuntu developers and problems with them can be fixed.</para>
474
<para>有些硬件没有非受限的驱动，通常是因为硬件制造商没有发布硬件细节，也就不能创造相应驱动。这些驱动可能功能有限或不能正常工作。</para>
475
<para>If a <emphasis>restricted driver</emphasis> is availble for a certain device, you can install it in order to allow your device to function properly, or to add new features. For example, installing a restricted driver for certain graphics cards may allow you to use more advanced <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:desktop-effects">desktop effects</ulink>.</para>
476
<para>Some computers may not have any devices which can use restricted drivers, either because all of the devices are fully supported by unrestricted drivers or because no restricted drivers are yet available for the device.</para>
478
<para>Restricted drivers are often maintained by the hardware manufacturer, and so cannot be modified by Ubuntu developers if there is a problem.</para>
481
<sect2 id="restrictedmanager-enable" status="writing">
482
<title>启用受限驱动</title>
483
<para>要为设备应用受限驱动：</para>
486
<para>Press <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Restricted Drivers Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para>
489
<para>Find the driver which you would like to enable and check the box in the <guilabel>Enabled</guilabel> column, next to its name</para>
492
<para>You will be asked to confirm that you want to enable the driver. Press <guibutton>Enable Driver</guibutton></para>
495
<para>The restricted driver may have to be downloaded and installed.</para>
498
<para>You may need to restart your computer to finish enabling the driver</para>
502
<sect2 id="restrictedmanager-disable" status="writing">
503
<title>Disabling a restricted driver</title>
504
<para>如果受限驱动导致问题产生，或你想禁用它，请采用如下步骤：</para>
507
<para>Press <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Restricted Drivers Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para>
510
<para>Find the driver which you would like to disable and uncheck the box in the <guilabel>Enabled</guilabel> column, next to its name</para>
513
<para>You will be asked to confirm that you would like to disable the driver. Press <guibutton>Disable Driver</guibutton></para>
516
<para>你需要重启电脑来完成禁用驱动。</para>
522
<sect1 id="disks" status="review">
524
<para>This section provides instructions on how to handle disks and drives, such as removable hard disks.</para>
526
<indexterm zone="partitioning-device">
527
<primary>分区</primary>
528
<secondary>分区</secondary>
531
<indexterm zone="partitioning-device">
532
<primary>分区</primary>
535
<indexterm zone="partition-formatting">
536
<primary>格式化</primary>
537
<secondary>formatting</secondary>
540
<indexterm zone="mount-and-umount">
541
<primary>mount</primary>
544
<indexterm zone="mount-and-umount">
545
<primary>unmount</primary>
546
<secondary>umount</secondary>
549
<indexterm zone="what-is-filesystem">
550
<primary>filesystem</primary>
551
<secondary>file system</secondary>
554
<sect2 id="checking-usage" status="complete">
555
<title>Checking Free and Used Space</title>
557
To check the amount of free and used space on your computer, on
558
your removable devices and on your file systems, do as follow:
561
<para>Choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Computer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>,</para>
564
<para>Select the desired device and right click on
568
<para>Select <guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem>.
574
You will be present with a two color <emphasis>pie
575
chart</emphasis> indicating the free and used space on that
579
The blue color indicates the free space, the
580
yellow one indicates the used space. On the right of this chart
581
there's a small legend with the exactly free and used space.
583
<!-- note for dumnies, maybe we can delete it -->
587
If you want to know the amount of free and used space of a removable
588
device like a CD/DVD-ROM or a USB key, first mount that
594
<sect3 id="advanced-disk-analysis" status="complete">
595
<title>Advanced Analysis</title>
597
For a more accurate analysis of your filesystem, you can use
598
<application>Disk Usage Analyzer</application>. To launch
599
<application>Disk Usage Analyzer</application>, choose
600
<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Disk Usage Analyzer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, or from a terminal (<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Terminal</guimenuitem></menuchoice>) type <command>baobab</command>
601
and hit <keycap>Return</keycap>.
604
For analysing the entire filesystem, press <guilabel>Scan
605
Filesystem</guilabel> form the toolbar, or for analysing only
606
your home folder, press <guilabel>Scan Home</guilabel>.
609
For more information about, see <ulink url="ghelp:baobab" type="help"><application>Disk Usage
610
Analyzer</application></ulink>.
615
<sect2 id="partitioning-device" status="complete">
616
<title>Partitioning a Device</title>
618
To partition a disk in Ubuntu, either a hard disk or a removable
619
device, the program <application>GNOME Partition Editor</application> is needed.
622
To install <application>GNOME Partition Editor</application>, install the <application>gparted</application> package
623
(see <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:add-applications">Add
624
Applications</ulink>).
627
To launch <application>GNOME Partition Editor</application> choose <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration </guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Gnome Partition Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, or from a
628
terminal (<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Terminal</guimenuitem></menuchoice>) type <command>gksudo gparted</command>
629
and press <keycap>Enter</keycap>.
632
<sect3 id="freeing-space" status="complete">
633
<title>Freeing Space in a Partition</title>
635
To create a new partition inside an already partitioned
636
device, first you have to resize the partition. If you already
637
have free space, skip to <xref linkend="creating-new-partition"/>.
641
Launch <application>GNOME Partition Editor</application>.
646
Select the device to partition from the drop-down list
647
at the top-right of the main window.
652
A list of partitions will appear. Select the desired partition
653
and choose <menuchoice>
654
<guimenu>Partition</guimenu>
655
<guimenuitem>unmount</guimenuitem>
661
To resize the partition choose
662
<guilabel>Resize/Move</guilabel>. The dialog
663
<guilabel>Resize/Move</guilabel> will be shown. You can
664
use the <guilabel>Free Space Following (MiB)</guilabel>
665
spin box to choose how much space to free after this
666
partition, or <guilabel>Free Space Preceding
667
(MiB)</guilabel> to free space before this partition. Alternatively
668
you can use the slider to adjust the partition size..
673
To apply the changes, click
674
<guibutton>Resize/Move</guibutton>.
680
<sect3 id="creating-new-partition" status="complete">
681
<title>Creating a New Partition</title>
683
To create a new partition:
687
Select the device to partition from the drop-down list
688
at the top-right of the main window.
693
A list of partitions will appear. Select the one called
694
<guilabel>unallocated</guilabel> and click
695
<guibutton>New</guibutton>.
700
From the <guilabel>Filesystem</guilabel> drop-down list
701
choose the desired type of filesystem to use and click
702
<guibutton>Add</guibutton>.
707
To apply all the changes made, click
708
<guibutton>Apply</guibutton>.
715
<sect3 id="related-topics-part" status="complete">
716
<title>Related Topics</title>
721
<xref linkend="partition-formatting"/>
726
<xref linkend="to-format-meaning"/>
731
<xref linkend="partition-meaning"/>
736
<xref linkend="what-is-filesystem"/>
741
<xref linkend="mount-and-umount"/>
749
<sect2 id="partition-formatting" status="complete">
750
<title>Formatting a Partition</title>
752
To format a partition in Ubuntu, the program
753
<application>GNOME Partition Editor</application> is needed.
756
To install <application>GNOME Partition Editor</application>, install the <application>gparted</application> package
757
(see <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:add-applications">Add
758
Applications</ulink>).
761
To launch <application>GNOME Partition Editor</application> choose <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration </guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Gnome Partition Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, or from a
762
terminal (<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Terminal</guimenuitem></menuchoice>) type <command>gksudo gparted</command> and
763
press <keycap>Enter</keycap>.
766
To format a partition, do as follows:
770
Launch <application>GNOME Partition Editor</application>.
775
Select the device to partition from the drop-down list
776
at the top-right of the main window.
781
A list of partitions will appear. Select the desired partition
782
and choose <menuchoice>
783
<guimenu>Partition</guimenu>
784
<guimenuitem>unmount</guimenuitem>
790
Select the partition you want to format and choose <menuchoice>
791
<guimenu>Partition</guimenu>
792
<guimenuitem>Format to</guimenuitem>
793
</menuchoice> and select from the list the type of
794
filesystem to format the partition to.
799
To apply all the changes made, click
800
<guibutton>Apply</guibutton>.
808
Pressing <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> will cause all of the
809
files on the partition to be permanently deleted.
813
<sect3 id="related-topics-for" status="complete">
814
<title>Related Topics</title>
819
<xref linkend="partitioning-device"/>
824
<xref linkend="to-format-meaning"/>
829
<xref linkend="partition-meaning"/>
834
<xref linkend="what-is-filesystem"/>
839
<xref linkend="mount-and-umount"/>
847
<sect2 id="to-format-meaning" status="complete">
848
<title>What is Formatting?</title>
850
To format a hard disk, a device or a partition means to prepare
851
that particular device to be used for storing data.
854
The operation of formatting a hard disk or a partition, implies
855
the applying of a specific format to that device: this format is
859
When you buy a disk usually it is not formatted, and you cannot
860
use it for archiving data. When you format the device, you will
861
notice that the free space in it is less than the original size. This
862
is due to the fact that some space has to be used to make the
863
device usable: this space is occupied by the filesystem.
867
<sect2 id="what-is-filesystem" status="review">
868
<title>What is a Filesystem?</title>
870
The filesystem is a mechanism with wich files are archived and
871
organised on a storing device such as a hard disk, and is an
872
important part of an operating system. Without a filesystem,
873
accessing and storing files would be impossible.
876
There are different types of filesystem. The most common are:
880
Ext2/Ext3: these are usually found on GNU/Linux operating
881
systems. Ubuntu uses <emphasis>ext3</emphasis> as its
887
<acronym>FAT16</acronym>, <acronym>FAT32</acronym>: these are Microsoft Windows filesystems
888
found on older computers. If you want to share data
889
between two computers, you would probably choose the <emphasis><acronym>FAT32</acronym></emphasis>
895
<acronym>NTFS</acronym>: this is Microsoft Windows new
896
filesystem being used as the default one in new Windows versions.
901
<acronym>HFS</acronym>: this is Macintosh default filesystem.
908
<sect2 id="partition-meaning" status="complete">
909
<title>What is a Partition?</title>
911
A partition is a means of dividing a phisical device, such as a
912
hard disk, into many logical devices.
915
Each logical device is seen by the operating system as a
916
distinct device, and thus is treated as an independent disk.
919
Partitioning a hard disk can be done for several reasons:
923
To retrieve free space;
928
To install different operating systems;
933
To better organize data on the hard disk.
940
<sect2 id="mount-and-umount" status="review">
941
<title>Mounting and Unmounting Devices</title>
943
For information about mounting and unmounting a device, see <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide#gosnautilus-460">Using Removable Media</ulink>
946
Pay attention when removing a device: <emphasis role="strong">always unmount</emphasis> it to avoid data loss. If you
947
attempt to remove a device without unmounting it, you will get a
948
message explaining how to properly unmount a device.
957
<sect1 id="laptops" status="writing">
958
<title>Laptops</title>
959
<para>This section contains information for people using Ubuntu on a laptop computer.</para>
960
<sect2 id="laptops-suspending" status="review">
961
<title>Suspending and hibernating laptops</title>
962
<para>In order to save battery power, you can put your laptop into one of a number of power-saving modes when you are not using it. The available modes are detailed below:</para>
964
<listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Suspending</emphasis> a laptop is like putting the computer to sleep. The computer will still be turned on and all of your work will be left open, but the laptop will use much less battery power. You can wake the computer by pressing a key or clicking the mouse.</para></listitem>
965
<listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Hibernating</emphasis> is turning the computer off completely while saving the current state of the computer (such as keeping all of your open documents). When you turn the computer back on after hibernating, all of your work should be restored as it was before hibernation. No power is used at all when the computer is hibernating.</para></listitem>
966
<listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Shutting down</emphasis> is turning the computer off completely, without saving the current state of the computer. No power is used at all when the computer is shut down.</para></listitem>
967
<listitem><para><emphasis role="strong">Resuming</emphasis> is bringing the computer out of a power saving mode and back into normal operation. You can resume the computer from being suspended by pressing a keyboard button or by clicking the mouse. You can resume from being hibernated by pressing the power button on your computer.</para></listitem>
969
<para>You can manually put your computer into a power-saving mode by pressing <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Quit...</guimenuitem></menuchoice> and then pressing the appropriate button.</para>
971
<para>Some computers may have problems going into certain power saving modes. The best way of checking if your computer can handle a power-saving mode is to try to switch into that mode and see if it behaves as you expected.</para>
973
<sect3 id="laptops-suspending-troubleshooting" status="review">
974
<title>Fixing problems with suspending, hibernating and resuming</title>
975
<para>If your computer cannot suspend, hibernate or resume properly, there may be a number of things that you can try to get it working correctly.</para>
977
<listitem><para>Check the test report for your laptop, if one has been made (see <xref linkend="laptops-testing-reports"/>).</para></listitem>
978
<listitem><para>Ask for assistance through an <ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com/support/free">Ubuntu support channel</ulink>.</para></listitem>
982
<sect2 id="laptops-pm" status="review">
983
<title>Power management settings</title>
984
<para>You may wish to change the power management settings of your laptop in order to help extend its battery life and reduce energy wastage.</para>
987
<para>Press <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Power Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
990
<para>Change the settings as appropriate. Changes are applied instantly.</para>
994
<para>Displaying a screensaver may use more power than simply letting the screen go blank. Turning off the screensaver could slightly improve the battery life of your laptop.</para>
997
<para>Press <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Screensaver</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
1000
<para>Change the <guilabel>Screensaver theme</guilabel> to <guilabel>Blank screen</guilabel>. This will simply display a blank screen as a screensaver.</para>
1004
<para>When your laptop is running on battery, one of the biggest drains on power is the display. Turning the brightness of the display down could improve battery life significantly; many laptops allow you to do this by pressing <keycombo><keycap>Fn</keycap><keycap>F7</keycap></keycombo> several times.</para>
1007
<sect2 id="laptops-touchpads" status="review">
1008
<title>Touchpads</title>
1009
<para>Most laptop computers come with a touchpad, which is used to control the mouse pointer. There are many ways of changing the way that the touchpad behaves; follow the instructions below to install an easy-to-use tool for changing touchpad settings.</para>
1011
<step><para>Install the <application>gsynaptics</application> package from the <quote>Universe</quote> repository (see <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:add-applications">Add Applications</ulink>).</para></step>
1012
<step><para>Press <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Terminal</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para></step>
1013
<step><para>Type the following, entering your administrator password when prompted:</para>
1014
<screen>sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup
1015
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf</screen>
1017
<step><para>Find the section which begins with the following:</para>
1018
<screen>Section "InputDevice"
1019
Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad"
1020
Driver "synaptics"</screen>
1022
<step><para>Insert the following line into the section, <emphasis>before</emphasis> the line which reads <quote>EndSection</quote>:</para>
1023
<screen> Option "SHMConfig" "true"</screen>
1025
<step><para>Save your changes to the file and close all currently running applications, saving your work as you do so.</para></step>
1026
<step><para>Press <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Quit...</guimenuitem></menuchoice> and select <guibutton>Log Out</guibutton>, and then log in again.</para></step>
1027
<step><para>Press <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Touchpad</guimenuitem></menuchoice> and change the touchpad settings to your liking. Changes should take effect immediately.</para></step>
1030
<para>See the <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticsTouchpad">community support pages</ulink> for more information on touchpads.</para>
1033
<sect2 id="laptops-testing-reports" status="review">
1034
<title>Finding laptop testing reports</title>
1035
<para>Many laptops are regularly tested by the Ubuntu community to ensure that various features work correctly. The results of these tests are available for you to read, and may offer insight into any problems you might be experiencing with your laptop.</para>
1037
<listitem><para>See the Laptop Testing <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LaptopTestingTeam">community support pages</ulink> for a full listing of available laptop tests.</para></listitem>
1039
<para>You can participate in laptop testing yourself by contacting the <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LaptopTestingTeam">Laptop Testing Team</ulink>.</para>
1043
<sect1 id="input-devices" status="writing">
1044
<title>Mice and keyboards</title>
1045
<para>This section provides instructions on using and configuring mice, keyboards and other input devices to make them more comfortable for you to use.</para>
1046
<sect2 id="input-mice" status="writing">
1047
<title>Mice and other pointing devices</title>
1048
<para>You can change numerous options related to your mouse, such as how fast the pointer moves and how clicks are interpreted by the computer.</para>
1051
<para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide#mouse-skills">Mouse Skills</ulink></emphasis></para>
1052
<para>Information on basic mouse skills, such as pointing, clicking and dragging.</para>
1055
<para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide#prefs-mouse">Mouse Preferences</ulink></emphasis></para>
1056
<para>Instructions on how to change various settings related to your mouse, such as whether the mouse is left-handed and how fast the pointer moves.</para>
1059
<para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gnome-access-guide#dtconfig-1">Accessibility - Configuring the Mouse</ulink></emphasis></para>
1060
<para>Information on changing mouse preferences for users of assitive technologies.</para>
1063
<para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gnome-access-guide#sysadmin-37">Accessibility - Configuring Alternative Pointing Devices</ulink></emphasis></para>
1064
<para>Information on using a pointing device other than a mouse.</para>
1069
<sect2 id="input-keyboard" status="writing">
1070
<title>Keyboards</title>
1071
<para>There are many options related to your keyboard which you can change, such as the keyboard language and keyboard shortcuts.</para>
1074
<para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide#keyboard-skills">Basic Keyboard Skills</ulink></emphasis></para>
1075
<para>Information on basic keyboard usage.</para>
1078
<para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide#prefs-keyboard">Keyboard Preferences</ulink></emphasis></para>
1079
<para>Change settings related to your keyboard, such as the layout of the keyboard.</para>
1082
<para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gswitchit#gswitchit-applet-switching">Keyboard Indicator</ulink></emphasis></para>
1083
<para>The manual of the Keyboard Indicator, which allows you to change between different keyboard layouts.</para>
1086
<para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gnome-access-guide#dtconfig-0">Accessibility - Configuring the Mouse and Keyboard</ulink></emphasis></para>
1087
<para>Information on configuring the mouse and keyboard for users of assistive technologies.</para>
1090
<para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gnome-access-guide#keynav-0">Using the Keyboard to Navigate the Desktop</ulink></emphasis></para>
1091
<para>A guide on how to navigate the desktop using only a keyboard.</para>
1094
<para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:accessx-status#index">Keyboard Accessibility Monitor</ulink></emphasis></para>
1095
<para>The manual of the Keyboard Accessibility Monitor, which shows the status of any keyboard accessibility features which are turned on.</para>
1098
<para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:char-palette#charpick-characters">Using the Character Palette</ulink></emphasis></para>
1099
<para>Use the Character Palette to insert letters and symbols which are not on your keyboard.</para>
1104
<sect2 id="input-touchpads" status="writing">
1105
<title>Touchpads and graphics tablets</title>
1106
<para>You can use a touchpad or graphics tablet to move a mouse pointer.</para>
1109
<para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:hardware#laptops-touchpads">Touchpads</ulink></emphasis></para>
1110
<para>Information on changing the settings of a laptop touchpad.</para>
1113
<para><emphasis role='strong'><ulink type='help' url='ghelp:'>Graphics tablets</ulink></emphasis></para>
1114
<para>Information about using a graphics tablet.</para>
added
removed
ubuntu/hardware/zh_CN/hardware.xml
