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<!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../../libs/global.ent">
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<!-- NAMES --><!ENTITY canonical-name "Canonical Ltd.">
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<!ENTITY project-name "Ubuntu Documentation Project">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>">
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<!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY distro-version "Gutsy Gibbon">
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<!ENTITY distro-rev "7.10">
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<!ENTITY distro-release-date "October 2007">
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<!ENTITY linux-kernel-version "2.6.22">
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<!ENTITY gcc-version "4.1.2">
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<!ENTITY glibc-version "2.5">
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<!ENTITY python-version "2.5">
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<!-- AUTHORS --><!ENTITY author-ubuntu-documentation-project SYSTEM "../common/authors/ubuntu-documentation-project.xml">
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<!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM "../common/C/glossary.xml">
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<!-- LEGAL URLs --><!ENTITY gpl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc "http://creativecommons.org/">
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<!ENTITY cc-attrib '<ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-fulldeed-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode/">
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<!ENTITY fdl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en">
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<!-- CANONICAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY canonical-url "http://www.canonical.com">
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<!-- OTHER UBUNTU RELATED RESOURCES --><!ENTITY upstart-url "http://upstart.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU IRC INFORMATION --><!ENTITY irc-network "Freenode">
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<!ENTITY irc-server "irc.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #ubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #xubuntu">
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<!ENTITY edubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #edubuntu">
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<!-- UBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY ubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-dpkgfile "ubuntu5.10.tar">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-web "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-main "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-download "http://www.ubuntu.com/download">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-forums "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-components "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-wiki "http://wiki.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-bugzilla "https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-bugs "https://launchpad.net/products/ubuntu-doc/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-support "http://www.ubuntu.com/support">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-paidsupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/paid">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-freesupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/free">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-comments "http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=21787">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation "http://help.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation-repos "https://docteam.ubuntu.com/repos/trunk">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-team "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-list "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-doc">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-shipit "http://shipit.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-launchpad "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-rosetta "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com/rosetta">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-planet "http://planet.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-philosophy "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-participate "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-marketplace "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/marketplace">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-hwdb "http://hwdb.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU WIKI RESOURCES --><!ENTITY wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY restricted-formats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RestrictedFormats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-XChatHowto "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/XChatHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RootSudo "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">
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<!ENTITY wiki-HowToGetHelp "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToGetHelp">
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<!ENTITY transcode "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DVDRippingandEncoding">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Wine "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wine">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Cedega "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Cedega">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Nano "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NanoHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-locoteams "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeamList">
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<!ENTITY wiki-BasicCommands "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BasicCommands">
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<!ENTITY wiki-filepermissions "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions">
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<!-- KUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY kubuntu-web "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-main "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-download "http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com/edgy/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-cdpackages-nodefault "http://people.ubuntu.com/~cjwatson/seeds/kubuntu-edgy/ship">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-users "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-devel "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-devel/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-mirrors "http://distrowatch.com/kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-forums "http://kubuntuforums.net">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki "https://wiki.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-documentation-site "http://www.kubuntu.org/documentation.php">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-support "http://www.kubuntu.org/support.php">
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<!-- XUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY xubuntu-web "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-main "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-web-help "http://www.xubuntu.org/help">
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<!-- DEBIAN RESOURCES --><!ENTITY debian-apt "http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">
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<!-- EXTERNAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY linmodem "http://www.linmodems.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnome "http://www.gnome.org/">
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<!ENTITY linuxorg "http://www.linux.org/">
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<!ENTITY ooo "http://www.openoffice.org/">
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<!ENTITY kde "http://www.kde.org/">
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<!ENTITY lugww "http://lugww.counter.li.org/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-watch "http://distrowatch.com/ubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY realplayer-download "http://www.real.com/linux/">
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<!ENTITY nvu-download "http://www.nvu.com/download.html">
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<!ENTITY sunjava-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY xorg "http://www.x.org">
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<!ENTITY dyndns "http://www.dyndns.org">
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<!ENTITY shoutcast "http://www.shoutcast.com/">
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<!ENTITY freedomtoaster "http://www.freedomtoaster.org/">
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<!ENTITY xfce "http://www.xfce.org/">
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<!-- ubuntu-screenshots TODO --><!ENTITY kubuntu-screenshots "http://shots.osdir.com/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla "http://www.mozilla.org/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla-firefox "http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">
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<!ENTITY gnu "http://www.gnu.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnu-philosophy "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">
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<!ENTITY win4lin "http://www.win4lin.com">
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<!ENTITY codeweavers "http://www.codeweavers.com">
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<!ENTITY kernel "http://www.kernel.org">
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<!ENTITY google "http://www.google.com">
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<!ENTITY kdelook " http://www.kde-look.org">
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<!ENTITY lulu-store "http://www.lulu.com/ubuntu-doc">
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<!-- this entity controls the url for addons--><!ENTITY java-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY skype-deb "skype_1.2.0.17-1_i386.deb">
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<!ENTITY skype-download "http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-gz "scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-url "http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/packages/scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY ext2fs-url "http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html">
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<!ENTITY mvb-tar "mvb_1.6.tgz">
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<!ENTITY mvb-url "http://www.xscd.com/pub/mvb/&mvb-tar;">
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<!-- TLDP --><!ENTITY ldp-pre-install-check "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Pre-Installation-Checklist/">
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<!-- LANGUAGES (sorted by two letter code)--><!ENTITY Afar "aa">
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<!ENTITY Abkhazian "ab">
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<!ENTITY Afrikaans "af">
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<!ENTITY Amharic "af">
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<!ENTITY Arabic "ar">
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<!ENTITY Assamese "as">
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<!ENTITY Aymara "ay">
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<!ENTITY Azerbaijani "az">
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<!ENTITY Bashkir "ba">
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<!ENTITY Byelorussian "be">
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<!ENTITY Bulgarian "bg">
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<!ENTITY Bihari "bh">
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<!ENTITY Bislama "bi">
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<!ENTITY Bangla "bn">
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<!ENTITY Bengali "bn">
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<!ENTITY Tibetan "bo">
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<!ENTITY Breton "br">
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<!ENTITY Catalan "ca">
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<!ENTITY Corsican "co">
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<!ENTITY Danish "da">
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<!ENTITY German "de">
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<!ENTITY Bhutani "dz">
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<!-- <!ENTITY EnglishAmerican 'en'> --><!ENTITY EnglishAmerican "C">
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<!ENTITY Esperanto "eo">
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<!ENTITY Spanish "es">
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<!ENTITY Estonian "et">
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<!ENTITY Basque "eu">
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<!ENTITY Persian "fa">
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<!ENTITY Finnish "fi">
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<!ENTITY Faeroese "fo">
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<!ENTITY French "fr">
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<!ENTITY Frisian "fy">
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<!ENTITY Gaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY ScotsGaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY Galician "gl">
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<!ENTITY Guarani "gn">
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<!ENTITY Gujarati "gu">
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<!ENTITY Croatian "hr">
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<!ENTITY Hungarian "hu">
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<!ENTITY Armenian "hy">
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<!ENTITY Interlingua "ia">
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<!ENTITY Interlingue "ie">
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<!ENTITY Inupiak "ik">
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<!ENTITY Indonesian "in">
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<!ENTITY Icelandic "is">
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<!ENTITY Italian "it">
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<!ENTITY Hebrew "iw">
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<!ENTITY Japanese "ja">
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<!ENTITY Yiddish "ji">
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<!ENTITY Javanese "jw">
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<!ENTITY Georgian "ka">
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<!ENTITY Kazakh "kk">
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<!ENTITY Greenlandic "kl">
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<!ENTITY Cambodian "km">
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<!ENTITY Kannada "kn">
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<!ENTITY Korean "ko">
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<!ENTITY Kashmiri "ks">
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<!ENTITY Kurdish "ku">
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<!ENTITY Kirghiz "ky">
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<!ENTITY Lingala "ln">
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<!ENTITY Laothian "lo">
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<!ENTITY Lithuanian "lt">
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<!ENTITY Latvian "lv">
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<!ENTITY Lettish "lv">
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<!ENTITY Malagasy "mg">
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<!ENTITY Macedonian "mk">
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<!ENTITY Malayalam "ml">
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<!ENTITY Mongolian "mn">
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<!ENTITY Moldavian "mo">
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<!ENTITY Marathi "mr">
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<!ENTITY Maltese "mt">
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<!ENTITY Burmese "my">
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<!ENTITY Nepali "ne">
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<!ENTITY Norwegian "no">
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<!ENTITY Occitan "oc">
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<!ENTITY Punjabi "pa">
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<!ENTITY Polish "pl">
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<!ENTITY Pushto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Pashto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Portuguese "pt">
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<!ENTITY Quechua "qu">
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<!ENTITY Rhaeto-Romance "rm">
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<!ENTITY Kirundi "rn">
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<!ENTITY Romanian "ro">
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<!ENTITY Russian "ru">
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<!ENTITY Kinyarwanda "rw">
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<!ENTITY Sanskrit "sa">
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<!ENTITY Sindhi "sd">
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<!ENTITY Sangro "sg">
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<!ENTITY Serbo-Croatian "sh">
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<!ENTITY Singhalese "si">
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<!ENTITY Slovak "sk">
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<!ENTITY Slovenian "sl">
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<!ENTITY Samoan "sm">
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<!ENTITY Somali "so">
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<!ENTITY Albanian "sq">
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<!ENTITY Serbian "sr">
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<!ENTITY Siswati "ss">
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<!ENTITY Sesotho "st">
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<!ENTITY Sudanese "su">
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<!ENTITY Swedish "sv">
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<!ENTITY Swahili "sw">
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<!ENTITY Tegulu "te">
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<!ENTITY Tigrinya "ti">
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<!ENTITY Turkmen "tk">
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<!ENTITY Tagalog "tl">
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<!ENTITY Setswana "tn">
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<!ENTITY Turkish "tr">
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<!ENTITY Tsonga "ts">
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<!ENTITY Ukrainian "uk">
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<!ENTITY Vietnamese "vi">
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<!ENTITY Volapuk "vo">
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<!ENTITY Yoruba "yo">
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<!ENTITY Chinese "zh">
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<!ENTITY % cdo-C SYSTEM "../../../libs/cdo-C.ent">
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<!-- COMMON DOC OBJECTS --><!ENTITY copyright SYSTEM "../common/C/copyright.xml">
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<!ENTITY conventions SYSTEM "../common/C/conventions.xml">
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<!ENTITY feedback SYSTEM "../common/C/feedback.xml">
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<!ENTITY publisher SYSTEM "../common/C/publisher.xml">
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<!ENTITY disclaimer SYSTEM "../common/C/disclaimer.xml">
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<!ENTITY inline-ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/inlinemediaobject-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY inline-ubuntu-icon-header SYSTEM "../common/C/inlinemediaobject-ubuntu-icon-header.xml">
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<!ENTITY relative-ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/mediaobject-relative-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/mediaobject-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY gpl SYSTEM "../common/C/gpl.xml">
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<!ENTITY fdl SYSTEM "../common/C/fdl.xml">
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<!ENTITY cc-by-sa SYSTEM "../common/C/ccbysa.xml">
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<!ENTITY licenses SYSTEM "../common/C/licenses.xml">
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<!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../common/C/legalnotice.xml">
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<!ENTITY klegalnotice SYSTEM "../kubuntu/libs/legalnotice.xml">
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<!ENTITY % gnome-menus-C SYSTEM "../../../ubuntu/libs/gnome-menus-C.ent">
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<!-- MENUS --><!-- Please keep entries alphabetical, it makes them much easier to find & use --><!ENTITY about-me "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>About-me</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY accessories "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY acro-read "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Acrobat Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY administration "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY aisleriot "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>AisleRiot Solitaire</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY amule "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>aMule</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY archive-man "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Archive Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY assistive-technology-preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Assistive Technology Support</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY audacity "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Audacity</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY azureus "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Azureus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
291
<!ENTITY baobab "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Disk Usage Analyzer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY bittorrent "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Bittorrent</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
293
<!ENTITY blender3d "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Blender 3d modeller</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
294
<!ENTITY bluefish "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Bluefish Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
295
<!ENTITY boot "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Boot</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
296
<!ENTITY bum "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Boot-up Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
297
<!ENTITY calculator "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Calculator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
298
<!ENTITY character-map "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Character Map</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
299
<!ENTITY compizconfig "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>CompizConfig Settings Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
300
<!ENTITY computer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Computer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
301
<!ENTITY cowbell "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Cowbell Music Organizer</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>">
302
<!ENTITY chromium "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Chromium</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
303
<!ENTITY desktop-background "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Desktop Background</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
304
<!ENTITY desktop-effects "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Appearance</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Desktop Effects</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
305
<!ENTITY desktop-preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
306
<!ENTITY devhelp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Programming</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Devhelp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
307
<!ENTITY device-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Device Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
308
<!ENTITY dictionary "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Dictionary</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
309
<!ENTITY disks "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Disks</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
310
<!ENTITY downloader-x "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Downloader for X</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
311
<!ENTITY eclipse-ide "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Eclipse IDE</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
312
<!ENTITY ekiga "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Ekiga Softphone</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
313
<!ENTITY efax-gtk "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Efax-gtk</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
314
<!ENTITY etherape "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Etherape</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
315
<!ENTITY evolution-mail "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Evolution Mail</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
316
<!ENTITY file-management "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>File Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
317
<!ENTITY firefox "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Firefox Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
318
<!ENTITY firestarter-firewall-tool "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Firestarter</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
319
<!ENTITY five-or-more "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Five or More</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
320
<!ENTITY font "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Font</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
321
<!ENTITY f-spot "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>F-Spot Photo Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
322
<!ENTITY frozen-bubble "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Frozen Bubble</guisubmenu></menuchoice> to play <application>Frozen Bubble</application>">
323
<!ENTITY gambas "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Gambas</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
324
<!ENTITY games "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
325
<!ENTITY gdesklets "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>gDesklets</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
326
<!ENTITY gftp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>gFTP</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
327
<!ENTITY gimp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>GIMP Image Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
328
<!ENTITY gnome-app-install "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Add/Remove...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
329
<!ENTITY gnome-config-editor "<screen><command>gconf-editor</command></screen>">
330
<!ENTITY gparted "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration </guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Gnome Partition Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
331
<!ENTITY graphics "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
332
<!ENTITY gthumb "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>gThumb Image Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY gtkpod "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>gtkpod</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY gnucash "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>GnuCash Finance Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY home-folder "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Home Folder</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY homebank "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>HomeBank</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
337
<!ENTITY hubackup "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Backup</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY hurestore "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Restore</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
339
<!ENTITY inkscape "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Inkscape SVG Vector Illustrator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
340
<!ENTITY internet "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
341
<!ENTITY kdevelop "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Programming</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY keyboard "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Keyboard</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY keyboard-shortcuts "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Keyboard Shortcuts</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY liferea "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Liferea Feed Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
345
<!ENTITY limewire "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>LimeWire</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
346
<!ENTITY login-screen-setup "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Login Window</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
347
<!ENTITY logout "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Log Out</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
348
<!ENTITY mahjongg "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mahjongg</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
349
<!ENTITY menu-editor "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Applications Menu Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
350
<!ENTITY menus-and-toolbars "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Menus & Toolbars</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
351
<!ENTITY monodevelop "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>MonoDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
352
<!ENTITY monodoc "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>MonoDoc</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
353
<!ENTITY mouse "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mouse</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY multimedia-systems-selector "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Multimedia Systems Selector</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
355
<!ENTITY ndisgtk "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Windows Wireless Drivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
356
<!ENTITY network-proxy "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network Proxy</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
357
<!ENTITY network-tools "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network Tools</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
358
<!ENTITY networking "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
359
<!ENTITY network-servers "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
360
<!ENTITY neverball "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Neverball</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
361
<!ENTITY neverputt "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Neverputt</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
362
<!ENTITY nexuiz "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Nexuiz</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
363
<!ENTITY open-office "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
364
<!ENTITY openoffice-base "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Database</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
365
<!ENTITY openoffice-draw "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Draw</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
366
<!ENTITY openoffice-presentation "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Presentation</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
367
<!ENTITY openoffice-spreadsheet "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Spreadsheet</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
368
<!ENTITY openoffice-writer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Word Processor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
369
<!ENTITY palmos-devices "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>PalmOS Devices</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
370
<!ENTITY pan "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Pan Newsreader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
371
<!ENTITY photoprint "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>PhotoPrint</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
372
<!ENTITY pidgin "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Pidgin Internet Messenger</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
373
<!ENTITY power-management "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Power Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
374
<!ENTITY ppracer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Planet Penguin Racer</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
375
<!ENTITY preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
376
<!ENTITY preferred-applications "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Preferred Applications</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
377
<!ENTITY printing "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Printing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
378
<!ENTITY qtparted "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>QTParted</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
379
<!ENTITY quit "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Quit...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
380
<!ENTITY remote-desktop "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Remote Desktop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
381
<!ENTITY removable-drives-and-media "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Removable Drives and Media</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
382
<!ENTITY realplayer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>RealPlayer [version #]</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
383
<!ENTITY restricted-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Restricted Drivers Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
384
<!ENTITY rhythmbox "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Rhythmbox Music Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
385
<!ENTITY route-planner "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>aMule</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
386
<!ENTITY scorched3d "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Scorched 3D</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
387
<!ENTITY screen-resolution "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Screen Resolution</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
388
<!ENTITY screensaver "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Screensaver</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
389
<!ENTITY scribus "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Scribus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
390
<!ENTITY serpentine "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Serpentine Audio CD Creator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
391
<!ENTITY services "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Services</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
392
<!ENTITY sessions "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sessions</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
393
<!ENTITY shared-folders "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Shared Folders</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
394
<!ENTITY skype "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Skype</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
395
<!ENTITY software-properties "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Software Sources</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
396
<!ENTITY sound "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sound</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
397
<!ENTITY soundandvideo "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
398
<!ENTITY soundjuicer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sound Juicer CD Extractor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
399
<!ENTITY supertux "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>SuperTux</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
400
<!ENTITY synaptic "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Synaptic Package Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
401
<!ENTITY system-monitor "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>System Monitor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
402
<!ENTITY systemtools "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
403
<!ENTITY terminal "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Terminal</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
404
<!ENTITY text-editor "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Text Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
405
<!ENTITY theme "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Theme</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
406
<!ENTITY thunderbird "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Thunderbird Mail Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
407
<!ENTITY time-date "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Time and Date</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
408
<!ENTITY totem "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Movie Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
409
<!ENTITY touchpad "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Touchpad</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
410
<!ENTITY tremulous "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Tremulous</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
411
<!ENTITY ubuntu-update-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Ubuntu Update Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
412
<!ENTITY update-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Update Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
413
<!ENTITY users "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Users and Groups</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
414
<!ENTITY users-groups "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Users and Groups</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
415
<!ENTITY windows "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Windows</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
416
<!ENTITY wireshark "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Wireshark</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
417
<!ENTITY xchat-gnome "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Xchat-GNOME IRC Chat</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
418
<!ENTITY xine "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>xine</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
419
<!ENTITY xmms "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>XMMS</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
420
<!ENTITY xsane "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>XSane Image Scanner</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY % xinclude SYSTEM "../../../libs/xinclude.mod">
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<!ELEMENT xi:include (xi:fallback)?>
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<!ATTLIST xi:include xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<!ATTLIST xi:include href CDATA #REQUIRED>
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<!ATTLIST xi:include parse (xml | text) "xml">
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<!ATTLIST xi:include xpointer CDATA #IMPLIED>
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<!ATTLIST xi:include encoding CDATA #IMPLIED>
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<!ATTLIST xi:include accept CDATA #IMPLIED>
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<!ATTLIST xi:include accept-charset CDATA #IMPLIED>
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<!ATTLIST xi:include accept-language CDATA #IMPLIED>
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<!ELEMENT xi:fallback ANY>
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<!ATTLIST xi:fallback xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<!ENTITY % local.preface.class "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.part.class "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.chapter.class "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.divcomponent.mix "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.para.char.mix "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.info.class "| xi:include">
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<!ENTITY % local.common.attrib "xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude'">
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<!ENTITY language "en">
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<article id="add-applications" status="complete" lang="id">
444
<title>Menambah, Menghapus dan Memutakhirkan Aplikasi</title>
447
<title>Kredit dan Lisensi</title>
448
<para>Dokumen ini dikelola oleh Tim Dokumentasi Ubuntu (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam). Untuk daftar kontributor, silakan lihat <ulink url="../../../common/C/contributors.xml">Halaman kontributor </ulink></para>
449
<para>Dokumen ini tersedia dibawah Lisensi Creative Commons ShareAlike 2.5 (CC-BY-SA).</para>
450
<para>Anda bebas untuk mengubah, memperluas, dan memperbaiki kode sumber dokumentasi Ubuntu sesuai syarat-syarat yang ada dari lisensi ini. Semua pekerjaan turunan harus diterbitkan dengan salah satu atau kedua lisensi ini.</para>
451
<para>Dokumentasi ini didistribusikan dengan harapan dokumentasi ini akan berguna, tetapi TANPA ADANYA JAMINAN; tanpa jaminan yang termasuk dari DAGANGAN atau KECOCOKAN UNTUK TUJUAN TERTENTU SEPERTI YANG DIGAMBARKAN DALAM PENYANGKALAN.</para>
452
<para>Salinan dari lisensi tersedia disini: <ulink url="/usr/share/ubuntu-docs/common/C/ccbysa.xml">Creative Commons ShareAlike License</ulink>.</para>
455
<year>2004, 2005, 2006</year>
456
<holder>Canonical Ltd. dan anggota dari Proyek Dokumentasi Ubuntu</holder>
457
</copyright><copyright><year>2006.</year><holder>Andy Apdhani (imtheface@gmail.com)</holder></copyright>
459
<publishername>Proyek Dokumentasi Ubuntu</publishername>
463
<para>In this section you can learn how to use a package manager to add or remove applications in Ubuntu with a few clicks. You can also learn about more advanced techniques of managing applications and discover some optional applications to add to Ubuntu and try.</para>
464
<sect1 id="add-applications-introduction" status="complete">
465
<title>Apa itu manajer paket?</title>
466
<para>A package manager is a program that installs and uninstalls software, and keeps track of all the components each piece of software needs.</para>
467
<para>Untuk menambah atau menghapus aplikasi di Ubuuntu, Anda memerlukan <emphasis>package manager</emphasis>. Aplikasi ini akan men-download secara otomatis dari Internet dan menginstalnya.</para>
468
<para>Ada tiga buah manajer paket utama yang dapat Anda gunakan di Ubuntu:</para>
470
<listitem><para><link linkend="gnome-app-install"><application>Add/Remove Programs</application></link> - Cara mudah untuk menginstal dan meng-uninstall program.</para></listitem>
471
<listitem><para><link linkend="synaptic"><application>Synaptic</application></link> - Pengendali dari perangkat lunak dan komponen sistem tingkat lanjut.</para></listitem>
472
<listitem><para><link linkend="apt"><application>Apt</application></link> - Jika Anda lebih menyukai Terminal.</para></listitem>
475
<para>Aplikasi diatas tidak dapat digunakan secara bersamaan. Silakan tutup terlebih dahulu dan buka salah satu saja.</para>
477
<para>Anda membutuhkah hak akses administratif untuk mengunakan setiap program tersebut. Lihat <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:administrative">Tugas Administratif</ulink> untuk informasi lebih lanjut.</para>
480
<sect1 id="extra-repositories" status="complete">
481
<title>Repositori perangkat lunak</title>
482
<para>Repositori perangkat lunak ada tempat dimana Anda dapat men-download dan menginstal perangkat lunak dari Internet</para>
483
<para>There are thousands of programs available to install on Ubuntu. These programs are stored in software archives (<emphasis>repositories</emphasis>) and are made freely available for installation over the Internet. This makes it very easy to install new programs in Linux, and it is also very secure, because each program you install is built specially for Ubuntu and checked before it is installed.</para>
484
<para>To organise the software, Ubuntu repositories are categorised into four groups: <emphasis>Main</emphasis>, <emphasis>Restricted</emphasis>, <emphasis>Universe</emphasis>, and <emphasis>Multiverse</emphasis>. The rationale used to determine which software goes into which category is based on the level of support that software development teams provide for a program and the level of compliance the program has to the <ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">Free Software Philosophy</ulink>.</para>
485
<para>The standard Ubuntu Install CD contains some software from the <emphasis>Main</emphasis> and <emphasis>Restricted</emphasis> categories.</para>
486
<para>If your system is connected to the Internet, many more software programs are made available for installation. For example, the <quote>Universe</quote> and <quote>Multiverse</quote> repositories are only available over the Internet.</para>
488
<para>The <emphasis>Multiverse</emphasis> repository contains software which has been classified as <emphasis>non-free</emphasis>. This software may not be permitted in some jurisdictions. When installing each package from this repository, you should verify that the laws of your country permit you to use it. Also, this software may not include security updates.</para>
490
<para>Anda dapat menemukan informasi lebih lanjut mengenai Repositori yang tersedia <ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">di situs web</ulink>.</para>
493
<sect1 id="extra-repositories-adding" status="complete">
494
<title>Menambah repositori tambahan</title>
495
<para>It is possible to add extra repositories, such as those provided by third parties or those for older version of Ubuntu.</para>
497
<para>Be careful when installing software from third-party repositories. It may not have been tested with Ubuntu and could cause your system to break.</para>
501
<para>Open <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Software Sources</guimenuitem></menuchoice> and press <guilabel>Third-Party Software</guilabel>.</para>
504
<para>Tekan <guibutton>Add</guibutton> untuk menambah repositori baru.</para>
507
<para>Enter the <guilabel>APT line</guilabel> for the extra repository. This should be available from the website of the repository or similar, and should look similar to the following:</para>
508
<screen>deb http://ftp.debian.org etch main</screen>
510
<step><para>Tekan <guibutton>Add Source</guibutton> dan kemudian klik <guibutton>Close</guibutton> untuk menyimpan perubahan.</para>
512
<step><para>Most software repositories use a GPG key to digitally sign the files they provide, which makes it easy to check that the files have not been tampered with since their creation. In order for apt to be able to check this, you need the public key that corresponds to the signatures. The key should be available for download on the repository's website.</para>
514
<step><para>Once you have downloaded the GPG key, import the key by selecting the <guilabel>Authenticate</guilabel> tab, and clicking on <guibutton>Import Key File...</guibutton>, and then selecting the GPG key to be imported.</para>
516
<step><para>Klik <guibutton>Reload</guibutton> dalam package manager untuk meng-update daftar paket yang tersedia.</para>
520
<sect1 id="gnome-app-install" status="complete">
521
<title>Tambah/Hapus Aplikasi</title>
522
<para>With the <guimenuitem>Add/Remove…</guimenuitem> item in the <guimenu>Applications</guimenu> menu, you can install programs to do new things with Ubuntu. You can also remove programs you do not want. You need administrative access to use <application>Add/Remove Programs</application> (see <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:administrative">Administrative Tasks</ulink> for more details).</para>
523
<para>Jika Anda mengetahui nama program yang ingin Anda instal, masukkan ke dalam ruas <guilabel>Search</guilabel>. Sebaliknya, silakan pilih katergori perangkat lunak yang ada disebelah kiri.</para>
524
<para>Program yang sudah diinstal akan terlihat tanda cek pada bagian setelah nama. Uncheck program jika Anda ingin menghapus program itu dari komputer.</para>
525
<para>Ketika Anda mengeklik <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> atau <guibutton>OK</guibutton>, setiap perangkat lunak baru akan di-download dari Internet, dan Ubuntu akan melakukan perubahan. Jika Anda tidak mengaktifkan arsip paket online, maka Anda akan ditanyakan agar memasukkan CD Ubuntu untuk menginstal beberapa paket.</para>
526
<para>Some software cannot be installed or removed using <application>Add/Remove Applications</application>. If you cannot find the package you are looking for, start the advanced package manager <application>Synaptic</application> (see <xref linkend="advanced"/>).
529
<sect1 id="offline" status="writing">
530
<title>Installing packages without an Internet connection</title>
531
<para>Other than using tools that download packages automatically, it is also possible to use a CD to install packages through a package manager while not connected to the Internet. The Ubuntu installation CD can be used for this purpose, and other CDs with different packages are available as well. Additionally, the program <application>APTonCD</application> can automatically backup installed packages on your system, and create CDs with the contents of various repositories on them.</para>
532
<sect2 id="ubuntu-installation-cd" status="writing">
533
<title>Installing packages using the Ubuntu installation CD</title>
534
<para>Some packages from the <emphasis>main</emphasis> and <emphasis>restricted</emphasis> Ubuntu package repositories can be installed from the Ubuntu installation CD. Simply insert your Ubuntu installation CD and open <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Synaptic Package Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. To list only packages on the Ubuntu installation CD, click on the <guibutton>Origin</guibutton> button in the lower left corner of <application>Synaptic Package Manager</application>. The packages are listed under the <guimenuitem>Ubuntu 7.10_Gutsy Gibbon</guimenuitem> section.</para>
535
<para>If the packages are not listed, it may be because the CD is not listed as a package repository (the CD should be listed as a repository by default). To add the CD as a package repository: </para>
538
<para>Eject the CD.</para>
541
<para>Open the <emphasis>Software Sources</emphasis> dialog by selecting <guimenuitem>Repositories</guimenuitem> from the <guimenu>Settings</guimenu> menu of <application>Synaptic Package Manager</application>.</para>
544
<para>Go to the Third-Party Software tab and click on the <guibutton>Add CD-ROM</guibutton> button.</para>
547
<para>Insert the CD.</para>
550
<para>The packages should then be listed.</para>
552
<sect2 id="repository-cds" status="writing">
553
<title>Enabling other CDs that can be used to install packages</title>
554
<para>To enable <application>Synaptic</application> to install packages from CDs which contain packages:</para>
557
<para>Open <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Synaptic Package Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
560
<para>Open the <emphasis>Software Sources</emphasis> tool by selecting <guimenuitem>Repositories</guimenuitem> from the <guimenu>Settings</guimenu> menu of <application>Synaptic Package Manager</application>.</para>
563
<para>Go to the Third-Party Software tab and click on the <guibutton>Add CD-ROM</guibutton> button.</para>
566
<para>Insert the CD which contains the packages.</para>
569
<para>The packages should then be listed. To have <application>Synaptic</application> only list packages from the CD, click the <guibutton>Origin</guibutton> button on the lower left corner of <application>Synaptic Package Manager</application>, then find the name of the CD on the list on the upper left corner of <application>Synaptic</application>.</para>
571
<sect2 id="APTonCD" status="writing">
572
<title>Using APTonCD to install packages</title>
573
<para><application>APTonCD</application> can be used to create a CD that contains all the packages you have on your system, or it can create CDs with packages or entire repositories of your choice. In a package manager such as <application>Synaptic</application>, find the <emphasis>aptoncd</emphasis> package and install it.</para>
574
<para>Further documentation on <application>APTonCD</application> can be found on it's website, <ulink url="http://aptoncd.sourceforge.net">aptoncd.sourceforge.net</ulink></para>
578
<sect1 id="advanced" status="complete">
579
<title>Manajemen paket tingkat lanjut</title>
580
<para>Several other package managers exist in Ubuntu. These contain more advanced features than <application>Add/Remove Applications</application>.</para>
581
<sect2 id="synaptic" status="complete">
582
<title>Synaptic Package Manager</title>
583
<para><application>Synaptic</application> adalah aplikasi manajemen paket tingkat lanjut yang dapat menginstal dan menghapus setiap paket yang tersedia untuk sistem Anda. Memakai antarmuka berbasis grafik seperti application>Add/Remove Applications</para>
584
<para>To launch <application>Synaptic</application>, press <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Synaptic Package Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
585
You need administrative access to use <application>Synaptic</application>. See <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:administrative">Administrative Tasks</ulink> for more details.</para>
586
<para>Jika Anda sudah tahu nama paket yang ingin diinstal atau dihapus, klik tombol <guibutton>Search</guibutton>, dan masukkan nama paket. Anda dapat juga mencari paket melalui deskripsi paket tersebut (sebagai contoh, Anda dapat menemukan seluruh paket yang mengandung kata <quote><wordasword>arcade</wordasword></quote> atau <quote><wordasword>mathematics</wordasword></quote>).</para>
587
<para>Gunakan kategori dibagian kiri untuk menyaring daftar paket. Untuk kembali ke daftar kategori selesah melakukan pencarian, klik <guibutton>Sections</guibutton>.</para>
588
<para>To install a package, click the box next to it and choose <guimenuitem>Mark for installation</guimenuitem>. If you change your mind, choose <guimenuitem>Unmark</guimenuitem>.</para>
589
<para>To remove a package that is already installed, choose <guimenuitem>Mark for Removal</guimenuitem>.</para>
590
<para>When you have finished, click <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> and Ubuntu will make the changes you selected. If you do not want to make any changes, close the window instead.</para>
592
<sect2 id="apt" status="complete">
593
<title>Command-line package management with APT</title>
594
<para>If you are comfortable using the Terminal, you can use
595
<application>apt</application> (Advanced Packaging Tool) to
596
install or remove software. You need administrative access to
597
use <application>apt</application>. See <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:administrative">Administrative Tasks</ulink> for more
600
<para>Untuk meng-update daftar paket, ketik dalam terminal: <screen>sudo apt-get update</screen></para>
601
<para>Untuk menginstal seluruh update yang tersedia: <screen>sudo apt-get upgrade</screen></para>
603
To search for a package:
604
<screen>apt-cache search <replaceable>package</replaceable></screen>
607
To install a package:
608
<screen>sudo apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable></screen>
612
<screen>sudo apt-get remove <replaceable>package</replaceable></screen>
614
<para>Untuk melihat daftar perintah dan opsi <application>apt</application>: <screen>apt-get help</screen></para>
615
<para>For more information, see the <ulink url="http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">Debian <application>apt</application> manual</ulink>.</para>
618
<sect1 id="install-file" status="complete">
619
<title>Installing a single package file</title>
620
<para>Metode yang biasa dipakai untuk menginstal program adalah melalui manajer paket yang akan dijelaskan dalam bab ini. Tetapi, walaupun arsip paket Ubuntu sangat besar, sangat memungkinkan jika Anda ingin menginstal paket yang tidak tersedia dalam arsip Ubuntu. Jika ini terjadi, Anda dapat juga men-download dan menginstal berkas dari situs web lain.</para>
621
<para>Sangat penting untuk memastikan bahwa setiap berkas yang Anda download berasal dari sumber yang aman sebelum Anda menginstalnya.</para>
623
There are many different kinds of Linux package
624
files. Most of these are associated with the package
625
managers of specific Linux distributions. Examples are
626
<emphasis>Debian Package</emphasis> files (<filename class="extension">.deb</filename> files),
627
<emphasis>RPM Package Manager</emphasis> files
628
(<filename class="extension">.rpm</filename> files),
629
<emphasis>Tarballs</emphasis> (<filename class="extension">.tar</filename> files) and <filename class="extension">.run</filename> files.
631
<para>Bagian ini menjelaskan bagaimana menginstal suatu paket.</para>
633
<para>Tidak ada jaminan bahwa paket tersebut akan sesuai dengan sistem Anda dan tidak akan menerima update keamanan jika Anda menginstal berkas ini. Untuk alasan ini, jika Anda ingin menginstal program, selalu gunakan paket bawaan Ubuntu dari aplikasi yang tersedia melalui manajer paket, jika memang tersedia.</para>
636
<sect2 id="install-deb" status="complete">
637
<title>Install/uninstall <filename class="extension">.deb</filename> files</title>
639
These files are <emphasis>Debian packages</emphasis>. The
640
package files associated with Ubuntu have the <filename class="extension">.deb</filename> suffix because of Ubuntu's
641
close relations with the Debian GNU/Linux distribution. You
642
will need administrative privileges to install a <filename class="extension">.deb</filename> file. See <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:administrative">Administrative Tasks</ulink> for
645
<para>To install a <filename class="extension">.deb</filename>
646
file, double-click on it. If you prefer using the Terminal, enter:
647
<screen>sudo dpkg -i <replaceable>package_file.deb</replaceable></screen>
649
<para>To uninstall a <filename class="extension">.deb</filename>
650
file, deselect it in your package manager. Or from a Terminal,
652
<screen>sudo dpkg -r <replaceable>package_name</replaceable></screen>
655
<sect2 id="alien" status="complete">
656
<title>Convert <filename class="extension">.rpm</filename>
657
files to <filename class="extension">.deb</filename> files</title>
659
Another type of package files is <emphasis>Red Hat Package
660
Manager</emphasis> files which have the
661
<filename class="extension">.rpm</filename> suffix. It is not recommended to
662
install these on an Ubuntu system. In almost all cases, a
663
native Ubuntu <filename class="extension">.deb</filename> package is
664
available. However, if absolutely necessary, an
665
<filename class="extension">.rpm</filename> file can be converted to a
666
<filename class="extension">.deb</filename> package using the program
667
<application>alien</application>. The resulting
668
<filename class="extension">.deb</filename> file will be installed using dpkg as
673
<para>Instal paket <application>alien</application>.</para>
677
In a Terminal, enter:
678
<screen>sudo alien <replaceable>package_file.rpm</replaceable></screen>
683
<sect2 id="tarballs" status="complete">
684
<title>Instal <emphasis>tarballs</emphasis></title>
686
Files with the <filename class="extension">.tar</filename>,
687
<filename class="extension">.tgz</filename>, <filename class="extension">.tar.gz</filename> or <filename class="extension">.tar.bz2</filename> suffix are package files
688
known as <emphasis>tarballs</emphasis> which are widely used in Linux and Unix.</para>
690
If there is no native Ubuntu package available in any of the Ubuntu repositories, you can use the command line to install or uninstall the tarball file.</para>
692
The first step will be to uncompress and extract the tarball. If it is a <emphasis>.tgz</emphasis> or a <emphasis>.tar.gz</emphasis>, in a Terminal enter:
693
<screen>tar xfvz <replaceable>tarball_name</replaceable></screen>
696
Then it will be necessary to follow the instructions that come
697
with the package. These are generally located in the extracted
698
tarball in a file called <filename>README</filename> or
699
<filename>INSTALL</filename>.
702
Tarballs often contain the source code of the program, and need to be <emphasis>compiled</emphasis> in order to be used.</para>
705
Compiling programs requires some packages that are not installed by default. You can install these all at once by installing the <application>build-essential</application> package.</para></note>
707
<sect2 id="runpackages" status="complete">
708
<title>Install <filename class="extension">.run</filename> packages</title>
709
<para>Sometimes you may need to install software (most often a game) which has been packaged as a .run file. These files contain the software and a small program to install the software.</para>
710
<para>Follow the procedure
711
below to install software
712
packaged in a <filename class="extension">.run</filename> file:</para>
714
<step><para>Find the <filename class="extension">.run</filename> file in the <application>File Browser</application></para></step>
715
<step><para>Right-click the file and select <guilabel>Properties</guilabel></para></step>
716
<step><para>Under the <guilabel>Permissions</guilabel> tab, make sure that <guilabel>Allow executing file as program</guilabel> is checked and press <guibutton>Close</guibutton></para></step>
717
<step><para>Double-click the <filename class="extension">.run</filename> file to open it. A dialog box should appear</para></step>
718
<step><para>Press <guibutton>Run in Terminal</guibutton> to run the installer</para></step>
719
<step><para>A <application>Terminal</application> window will open. Follow any instructions on-screen to install the program</para></step>
722
<para>Once you have started the installer, it may take a while to display an installation screen. This is normally due to the installer extracting all of the files from the .run file ready for use.</para>
added
removed
ubuntu/add-applications/id/add-applications.xml
