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msgid "Development of what later became GNU/Linux began in 1984, when the <ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/\">Free Software Foundation</ulink> began development of a free Unix-like operating system called GNU."
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msgid "Development of what later became GNU/Linux began in 1984, when the <ulink url=\"&url-fsf;\">Free Software Foundation</ulink> began development of a free Unix-like operating system called GNU."
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msgid "The GNU Project has developed a comprehensive set of free software tools for use with Unix™ and Unix-like operating systems such as Linux. These tools enable users to perform tasks ranging from the mundane (such as copying or removing files from the system) to the arcane (such as writing and compiling programs or doing sophisticated editing in a variety of document formats)."
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msgid "The <ulink url=\"&url-gnu;\">GNU Project</ulink> has developed a comprehensive set of free software tools for use with Unix™ and Unix-like operating systems such as Linux. These tools enable users to perform tasks ranging from the mundane (such as copying or removing files from the system) to the arcane (such as writing and compiling programs or doing sophisticated editing in a variety of document formats)."
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msgid "While many groups and individuals have contributed to Linux, the largest single contributor is still the Free Software Foundation, which created not only most of the tools used in Linux, but also the philosophy and the community that made Linux possible."
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msgid "The <ulink url=\"&url-kernel-org;\">Linux kernel</ulink> first appeared in 1991, when a Finnish computing science student named Linus Torvalds announced an early version of a replacement kernel for Minix to the Usenet newsgroup <userinput>comp.os.minix</userinput>. See Linux International's <ulink url=\"&url-linux-history;\">Linux History Page</ulink>."
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msgid "Linus Torvalds continues to coordinate the work of several hundred developers with the help of a few trusty deputies. An excellent weekly summary of discussions on the <userinput>linux-kernel</userinput> mailing list is <ulink url=\"&url-kernel-traffic;\">Kernel Traffic</ulink>. More information about the <userinput>linux-kernel</userinput> mailing list can be found on the <ulink url=\"&url-linux-kernel-list-faq;\">linux-kernel mailing list FAQ</ulink>."
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msgid "Linux users have immense freedom of choice in their software. For example, Linux users can choose from a dozen different command line shells and several graphical desktops. This selection is often bewildering to users of other operating systems, who are not used to thinking of the command line or desktop as something that they can change."
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msgid "Linux is also less likely to crash, better able to run more than one program at the same time, and more secure than many operating systems. With these advantages, Linux is the fastest growing operating system in the server market. More recently, Linux has begun to be popular among home and business users as well."
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msgid "What is &debian;?"
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msgid "The combination of Debian's philosophy and methodology and the GNU tools, the Linux kernel, and other important free software, form a unique software distribution called &debian;. This distribution is made up of a large number of software <emphasis>packages</emphasis>. Each package in the distribution contains executables, scripts, documentation, and configuration information, and has a <emphasis>maintainer</emphasis> who is primarily responsible for keeping the package up-to-date, tracking bug reports, and communicating with the upstream author(s) of the packaged software. Our extremely large user base, combined with our bug tracking system ensures that problems are found and fixed quickly."
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msgid "Debian's attention to detail allows us to produce a high-quality, stable, and scalable distribution. Installations can be easily configured to serve many roles, from stripped-down firewalls to desktop scientific workstations to high-end network servers."
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msgid "Debian is especially popular among advanced users because of its technical excellence and its deep commitment to the needs and expectations of the Linux community. Debian also introduced many features to Linux that are now commonplace."
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msgid "For example, Debian was the first Linux distribution to include a package management system for easy installation and removal of software. It was also the first Linux distribution that could be upgraded without requiring reinstallation."
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msgid "Debian continues to be a leader in Linux development. Its development process is an example of just how well the Open Source development model can work — even for very complex tasks such as building and maintaining a complete operating system."
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msgid "The feature that most distinguishes Debian from other Linux distributions is its package management system. These tools give the administrator of a Debian system complete control over the packages installed on that system, including the ability to install a single package or automatically update the entire operating system. Individual packages can also be protected from being updated. You can even tell the package management system about software you have compiled yourself and what dependencies it fulfills."
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msgid "To protect your system against <quote>Trojan horses</quote> and other malevolent software, Debian's servers verify that uploaded packages come from their registered Debian maintainers. Debian packagers also take great care to configure their packages in a secure manner. When security problems in shipped packages do appear, fixes are usually available very quickly. With Debian's simple update options, security fixes can be downloaded and installed automatically across the Internet."
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msgid "The primary, and best, method of getting support for your &debian; system and communicating with Debian Developers is through the many mailing lists maintained by the Debian Project (there are more than &num-of-debian-maillists; at this writing). The easiest way to subscribe to one or more of these lists is visit <ulink url=\"&url-debian-lists-subscribe;\"> Debian's mailing list subscription page</ulink> and fill out the form you'll find there."
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msgid "What is Debian GNU/Hurd?"
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msgid "Debian GNU/Hurd is a Debian GNU system that replaces the Linux monolithic kernel with the GNU Hurd — a set of servers running on top of the GNU Mach microkernel. The Hurd is still unfinished, and is unsuitable for day-to-day use, but work is continuing. The Hurd is currently only being developed for the i386 architecture, although ports to other architectures will be made once the system becomes more stable."
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msgid "For more information, see the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/\"> Debian GNU/Hurd ports page</ulink> and the <email>debian-hurd@lists.debian.org</email> mailing list."
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msgid "Getting Debian"
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msgid "For information on how to download &debian; from the Internet or from whom official Debian CDs can be purchased, see the <ulink url=\"&url-debian-distrib;\">distribution web page</ulink>. The <ulink url=\"&url-debian-mirrors;\">list of Debian mirrors</ulink> contains a full set of official Debian mirrors, so you can easily find the nearest one."
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msgid "Debian can be upgraded after installation very easily. The installation procedure will help set up the system so that you can make those upgrades once installation is complete, if need be."
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msgid "Getting the Newest Version of This Document"
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msgid "This document is constantly being revised. Be sure to check the <ulink url=\"&url-release-area;\"> Debian &release; pages</ulink> for any last-minute information about the &release; release of the &debian; system. Updated versions of this installation manual are also available from the <ulink url=\"&url-install-manual;\">official Install Manual pages</ulink>."
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msgid "Organization of This Document"
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msgid "This document is meant to serve as a manual for first-time Debian users. It tries to make as few assumptions as possible about your level of expertise. However, we do assume that you have a general understanding of how the hardware in your computer works."
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msgid "Expert users may also find interesting reference information in this document, including minimum installation sizes, details about the hardware supported by the Debian installation system, and so on. We encourage expert users to jump around in the document."
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msgid "In general, this manual is arranged in a linear fashion, walking you through the installation process from start to finish. Here are the steps in installing &debian;, and the sections of this document which correlate with each step:"
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msgid "Determine whether your hardware meets the requirements for using the installation system, in <xref linkend=\"hardware-req\"/>."
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msgid "Backup your system, perform any necessary planning and hardware configuration prior to installing Debian, in <xref linkend=\"preparing\"/>. If you are preparing a multi-boot system, you may need to create partition-able space on your hard disk for Debian to use."
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msgid "In <xref linkend=\"install-methods\"/>, you will obtain the necessary installation files for your method of installation."
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msgid "describes booting into the installation system. This chapter also discusses troubleshooting procedures in case you have problems with this step."
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msgid "Perform the actual installation according to <xref linkend=\"d-i-intro\"/>. This involves choosing your language, configuring peripheral driver modules, configuring your network connection, so that remaining installation files can be obtained directly from a Debian server (if you are not installing from a CD), partitioning your hard drives and installation of a base system, then selection and installation of tasks. (Some background about setting up the partitions for your Debian system is explained in <xref linkend=\"partitioning\"/>.)"
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msgid "Boot into your newly installed base system, from <xref linkend=\"boot-new\"/>."
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msgid "Once you've got your system installed, you can read <xref linkend=\"post-install\"/>. That chapter explains where to look to find more information about Unix and Debian, and how to replace your kernel."
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msgid "Finally, information about this document and how to contribute to it may be found in <xref linkend=\"administrivia\"/>."
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msgid "Your Documentation Help is Welcome"
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msgid "Any help, suggestions, and especially, patches, are greatly appreciated. Working versions of this document can be found at <ulink url=\"&url-d-i-alioth-manual;\"></ulink>. There you will find a list of all the different architectures and languages for which this document is available."
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msgid "Source is also available publicly; look in <xref linkend=\"administrivia\"/> for more information concerning how to contribute. We welcome suggestions, comments, patches, and bug reports (use the package <classname>installation-guide</classname> for bugs, but check first to see if the problem is already reported)."
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msgid "About Copyrights and Software Licenses"
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msgid "We're sure that you've read some of the licenses that come with most commercial software — they usually say that you can only use one copy of the software on a single computer. This system's license isn't like that at all. We encourage you to put a copy of on every computer in your school or place of business. Lend your installation media to your friends and help them install it on their computers! You can even make thousands of copies and <emphasis>sell</emphasis> them — albeit with a few restrictions. Your freedom to install and use the system comes directly from Debian being based on <emphasis>free software</emphasis>."
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msgid "Calling software <emphasis>free</emphasis> doesn't mean that the software isn't copyrighted, and it doesn't mean that CDs containing that software must be distributed at no charge. Free software, in part, means that the licenses of individual programs do not require you to pay for the privilege of distributing or using those programs. Free software also means that not only may anyone extend, adapt, and modify the software, but that they may distribute the results of their work as well."
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msgid "The Debian project, as a pragmatic concession to its users, does make some packages available that do not meet our criteria for being free. These packages are not part of the official distribution, however, and are only available from the <userinput>contrib</userinput> or <userinput>non-free</userinput> areas of Debian mirrors or on third-party CD-ROMs; see the <ulink url=\"&url-debian-faq;\">Debian FAQ</ulink>, under <quote>The Debian FTP archives</quote>, for more information about the layout and contents of the archives."
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msgid "Many of the programs in the system are licensed under the <emphasis>GNU</emphasis> <emphasis>General Public License</emphasis>, often simply referred to as <quote>the GPL</quote>. The GPL requires you to make the <emphasis>source code</emphasis> of the programs available whenever you distribute a binary copy of the program; that provision of the license ensures that any user will be able to modify the software. Because of this provision, the source code<footnote> <para> For information on how to locate, unpack, and build binaries from Debian source packages, see the <ulink url=\"&url-debian-faq;\">Debian FAQ</ulink>, under <quote>Basics of the Debian Package Management System</quote>. </para> </footnote> for all such programs is available in the Debian system."
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msgid "There are several other forms of copyright statements and software licenses used on the programs in Debian. You can find the copyrights and licenses for every package installed on your system by looking in the file <filename>/usr/share/doc/<replaceable>package-name</replaceable>/copyright </filename> once you've installed a package on your system."
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msgid "For more information about licenses and how Debian determines whether software is free enough to be included in the main distribution, see the <ulink url=\"&url-dfsg;\">Debian Free Software Guidelines</ulink>."
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msgid "The most important legal notice is that this software comes with <emphasis>no warranties</emphasis>. The programmers who have created this software have done so for the benefit of the community. No guarantee is made as to the suitability of the software for any given purpose. However, since the software is free, you are empowered to modify that software to suit your needs — and to enjoy the benefits of the changes made by others who have extended the software in this way."
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