~ubuntu-branches/ubuntu/precise/kubuntu-docs/precise-proposed

>It is possible to increase the number of programs that can be installed with package managers. The default installation does not include all the programs that can be used with &kubuntu;. System functionality can be enhanced by including more applications and newer software. This document describes how to add software repositories. </para>

<para

>The software that comprises &kubuntu; is being improved continuously. With an Internet connection and &kubuntu; software updating, the latest improvements and security fixes can be applied to a system easily. This document explains how to perform update. </para>

</sect1>

<title

>Muon</title>

<para

><application

>Software Center</application

> (Muon) is a graphical tool for installing new software on a &kubuntu; system. Software Center also provides tools for managing software and software repositories. Installing and removing software is password-protected to help prevent errors and potentially dangerous actions that would affect system operation. </para>

<para

>Install new software with the following steps: </para>

<step>

<para

>Start Muon with &menusysmuon;. </para>

</step>

<step>

<para

100

>Search for the application with the search box and filters at the top of the window. </para>

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</step>

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<step>

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<para

105

>The application will show up in the large white space below the search area. Click on the application title to be installed. Click <guilabel

106

>Install</guilabel

107

> to start the installation process. </para>

108

</step>

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<step>

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<para

112

>Muon might provide information about required dependencies. Acknowledge this information, and the required packages will begin downloading. When the installation process is complete, the software will be ready to use. It is rarely necessary to restart the system after software installation or update. </para>

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</step>

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</procedure>

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<para

116

>Muon provides an easy method to remove the software that is no longer needed. To remove an application: </para>

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<step>

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<para

120

>Start Muon with &menusysmuon;. </para>

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</step>

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<step>

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<para

125

>Click on <guimenu

126

>Installed Software</guimenu

127

> and find the application you want to be removed. </para>

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</step>

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<step>

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<para

132

>Click <guilabel

133

>Remove</guilabel

134

> and Muon will remove the application. </para>

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</step>

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</procedure>

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</sect1>

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<title

142

>APT</title>

143

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<para

145

><application

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><acronym

147

>APT</acronym

148

></application

149

> (Advanced Packaging Tool) is a powerful package management system, which is the basis for the graphical <application

150

>Software Management</application

151

> application. <application

152

>APT</application

153

> automatically handles dependencies and performs other package operations that are required for package installation. </para>

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<note>

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<para

156

>Running <application

157

>APT</application

158

> requires administrative privileges. Entering commands with "sudo" generates a password prompt. Several of the commands below will not run without sudo. </para>

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</note>

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<para

161

>Common commands used with <application

162

>APT</application

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> are: </para>

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<para

167

>Install packages: <screen

168

>sudo apt-get install <emphasis

169

>packagename</emphasis

170

></screen>

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</para>

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</listitem>

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<para

175

>Remove packages: <screen

176

>sudo apt-get remove <emphasis

177

>packagename</emphasis

178

></screen>

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</para>

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</listitem>

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182

<para

183

>Remove package dependencies that are no longer needed: <screen

184

>sudo apt-get autoremove</screen>

185

</para>

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</listitem>

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<para

189

>Search for packages: <screen

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>apt-cache search <emphasis

191

>keyword</emphasis

192

></screen>

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</para>

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</listitem>

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<para

197

>Retrieve the current lists of available packages: <screen

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>sudo apt-get update</screen>

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</para>

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</listitem>

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<para

203

>Install the latest available updates for the applications currently installed: <screen

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>sudo apt-get upgrade</screen>

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</para>

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</listitem>

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<para

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>List further commands and options: <screen

210

>apt-get help</screen>

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</para>

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</listitem>

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</itemizedlist>

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<tip>

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<para

216

>For further information about the use of <application

217

>APT</application

218

>, read the comprehensive <ulink url="&debian-apt;"

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>Debian APT User Manual</ulink

220

>. </para>

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</tip>

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</sect1>

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<title

228

>Aptitude</title>

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<para

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><application

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>Aptitude</application

233

> is a command line front-end to <application

234

>APT</application

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>. <application

236

>Aptitude</application

237

> allows for interactive package selection to remove, update or install packages. <application

238

>Aptitude</application

239

> is an advanced package management system, with more control and capability than <application

240

>APT</application

241

> as a command line tool. </para>

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</sect1>

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<title

247

>Manual Installation</title>

248

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<para

250

>Although the preferred method of installing programs is with the package manager, individual software package files can be downloaded and installed. Several kinds of package files are available for Linux systems. Generally, these file types are associated with the package managers of specific Linux distributions. </para>

251

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<para

253

>To install a particular application, it is preferable to select a &kubuntu; package of the application, and install it with a package manager. This ensures that the program is compatible with other software on the system. If there is no version of the package available through a package manager, it may be possible to install it manually. The installation procedure depends on the type of package file. </para>

254

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<title

257

>Install/Uninstall .deb files</title>

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<para

260

>The package files associated with &kubuntu; have the <emphasis

261

>.deb</emphasis

262

> suffix because of &kubuntu;'s close relationship with the Debian GNU/Linux distribution. Individual <emphasis

263

>.deb</emphasis

264

> files can be downloaded and installed. Administrative privileges are required to do this. </para>

265

<para

266

>To install a .deb file, simply <mousebutton

267

>Left</mousebutton

268

> click on the .deb file to initiate the installation process. A prompt will appear for a password associated with the necessary administrative privilege. </para>

269

</sect2>

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<title

273

>Convert .rpm files to .deb files</title>

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<para

276

>Red Hat Package Manager files have the <emphasis

277

>.rpm</emphasis

278

> suffix. It is not recommended that these be installed on a &kubuntu; system. In almost all cases, a native &kubuntu; <emphasis

279

>.deb</emphasis

280

> version of the package is available. However, if necessary, an <emphasis

281

>.rpm</emphasis

282

> file can be converted to a <emphasis

283

>.deb</emphasis

284

> package using a program called <application

285

>alien</application

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>. </para>

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<title

289

>Installing Alien</title>

290

<step>

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<para

292

>Open <application

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>Software Center</application

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> by going to &menusysmuon;. </para>

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</step>

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<step>

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<para

298

>Enter <userinput

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>alien</userinput

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> in the <guilabel

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>Search</guilabel

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> box near the top of the window. </para>

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</step>

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<step>

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<para

306

>Locate the package named <application

307

>alien</application

308

> and select it. Press the <guibutton

309

>down arrow</guibutton

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> button. The arrow will change colour. </para>

311

</step>

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<step>

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<para

315

>Press the <guibutton

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>Apply</guibutton

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> button, and the <guibutton

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>Install Now</guibutton

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> button on the following screen. There may be additional packages required to be installed as dependencies. If so, click <guibutton

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>OK</guibutton

321

>. </para>

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</step>

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<step>

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<para

326

>If prompted, enter the proper password and press <guibutton

327

>OK</guibutton

328

>. </para>

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</step>

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331

<step>

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<para

333

>Once the installation has completed, close <application

334

>Software Management</application

335

>. </para>

336

</step>

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</procedure>

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<title

340

>Using alien</title>

341

<step>

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<para

343

>Open <application

344

>Konsole</application

345

> by going to &menukonsole;. </para>

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</step>

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<step>

348

<para

349

>At the command prompt, type <userinput

350

>sudo alien package_file.rpm</userinput

351

> and press the <keycap

352

>Enter</keycap

353

> key. </para>

354

</step>

355

<step>

356

<para

357

>For more information on <application

358

>alien</application

359

>, type <userinput

360

>man alien</userinput

361

> at the command prompt. When complete, press <keycap

362

>q</keycap

363

> to exit. </para>

364

</step>

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</procedure>

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</sect2>

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<title

370

>Install from Source</title>

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<para

373

>Files with the <emphasis

374

>.tar.gz</emphasis

375

> or <emphasis

376

>.tar.bz2</emphasis

377

> suffix are package files known as <emphasis

378

>tarballs</emphasis

379

> or <emphasis

380

>source</emphasis

381

> packages which are widely used in Linux. If there is no native &kubuntu; package available in any of the repositories, it may be possible to compile and install the package from source. For tips on compiling software, look at the <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilingSoftware"

382

>Compiling Software</ulink

383

> page on the Ubuntu Wiki. </para>

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</sect2>

385

</sect1>

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<title

390

>Managing Repositories</title>

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<title

394

>What are Repositories?</title>

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<para

397

>Thousands of programs are freely available to install on &kubuntu;. These programs are stored in software archives (<emphasis

398

>repositories</emphasis

399

>) and are made available for installation over the Internet. This makes it easy to install new programs in &kubuntu;. It is also secure, because each program is built specifically for &kubuntu; and is checked thoroughly before it is installed. &kubuntu; repositories are categorized into four groups: </para>

400

401

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<listitem

403

><para

404

>Main</para

405

></listitem>

406

<listitem

407

><para

408

>Restricted</para

409

></listitem>

410

<listitem

411

><para

412

>Universe</para

413

></listitem>

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<listitem

415

><para

416

>Multiverse</para

417

></listitem>

418

</itemizedlist>

419

<para

420

>Two factors are used to determine categories: </para>

421

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<para

424

>The level of support that software development teams provide for a program </para>

425

</listitem>

426

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<para

428

>The level of compliance the program has to the <ulink url="&ubuntu-philosophy;"

429

>Free Software Philosophy</ulink

430

> </para>

431

</listitem>

432

</itemizedlist>

433

<para

434

>More information about the Repositories is available on the <ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components"

435

>Ubuntu website</ulink

436

>. </para>

437

<para

438

>The standard &kubuntu; LiveCD contains some software from the <emphasis

439

>Main</emphasis

440

> and <emphasis

441

>Restricted</emphasis

442

> categories. Once a system has information about the Internet-based locations for these repositories, more programs are available for installation. Using the software package management tools installed by default, it is possible to discover, install and update any piece of software directly over the Internet, without the need for the LiveCD. </para>

443

</sect2>

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<title

447

>Adding or Removing Repositories</title>

448

449

<para

450

>To enable extra repositories:</para>

451

452

<step>

453

<para

454

>Start <application

455

>Software Center</application

456

> by choosing &menusysmuon;.</para>

457

</step>

458

<step>

459

<para

460

>Select <menuchoice

461

> <guimenu

462

>Settings</guimenu

463

> <guimenuitem

464

>Configure Software Sources</guimenuitem

465

> </menuchoice

466

> in the <application

467

>Software Center</application

468

> package manager window. </para>

469

</step>

470

<step>

471

<para

472

>An administrative password is required in order to proceed. </para>

473

</step>

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<step>

476

<para

477

>Next, click on the <guilabel

478

>Other Software</guilabel

479

> tab. Existing repositories can be enabled or disabled by checking the appropriate boxes in the upper section. To add a new repository, click the <guilabel

480

>Add</guilabel

481

> button. </para>

482

</step>

483

484

<step>

485

<para

486

>Enter the repository address. The proper format is required, and looks similar to this: <screen

487

>deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/kubuntu-ppa/backports/ubuntu

488

oneiric main</screen>

489

</para>

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</step>

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<step>

493

<para

494

>After adding the repository, a prompt will appear to update the package list. This will allow Muon to find the newly available software. </para>

495

</step>

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497

<step>

498

<para

499

>To remove a repository, select it in <guilabel

500

>Software Sources</guilabel

501

>, and press the <guibutton

502

>Remove</guibutton

503

> button. When the process is complete, press the <guibutton

504

>Close</guibutton

505

> button. </para>

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</step>

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</procedure>

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</sect2>

509

</sect1>

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<title

514

>Updating</title>

515

516

<para

517

>&kubuntu; developers release feature and security updates for applications and packages within the &kubuntu; system. </para>

518

519

<para

520

>When updates become available, &kubuntu; will display a message in the System Tray. To update the system, click the <guibutton

521

>Review and Update</guibutton

522

> button, which will open Muon. Click <guibutton

523

>Select All Updates</guibutton

524

> and then <guibutton

525

>Apply</guibutton

526

>. &kubuntu; will download and install the updates. </para>

527

528

<para

529

>When <application

530

>Software Center</application

531

> has finished updating, close the window by clicking the <guibutton

532

>Okay</guibutton

533

> button. </para>

534

<note>

535

<para

536

>After installing some updates, it may be necessary to restart the computer. If so, &kubuntu; will display a pop-up and an icon in the System Tray. </para>

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</note>

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</sect1>

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</article>

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