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<chapter id="boot-new">
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<title>Booting Into Your New Debian System</title>
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<sect1 id="base-boot"><title>The Moment of Truth</title>
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Your system's first boot on its own power is what electrical engineers
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call the <quote>smoke test</quote>.
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If you are booting directly into Debian, and the system doesn't start
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up, either use your original installation boot media, or insert the
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custom boot floppy if you have one, and reset your system. This way,
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you will probably need to add some boot arguments like
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<userinput>root=<replaceable>root</replaceable></userinput>, where
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<replaceable>root</replaceable> is your root partition, such as
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<filename>/dev/sda1</filename>.
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<sect2 arch="m68k"><title>BVME 6000 Booting</title>
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If you have just performed a diskless install on a BVM or Motorola
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VMEbus machine: once the system has loaded the
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<command>tftplilo</command> program from the TFTP server, from the
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<prompt>LILO Boot:</prompt> prompt enter one of:
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<userinput>b6000</userinput> followed by &enterkey;
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to boot a BVME 4000/6000
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</para></listitem><listitem><para>
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<userinput>b162</userinput> followed by &enterkey;
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</para></listitem><listitem><para>
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<userinput>b167</userinput> followed by &enterkey;
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to boot an MVME166/167
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<sect2 arch="m68k"><title>Macintosh Booting</title>
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Go to the directory containing the installation files and start up the
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<command>Penguin</command> booter, holding down the
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<keycap>command</keycap> key. Go to the
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<userinput>Settings</userinput> dialogue (<keycombo>
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<keycap>command</keycap> <keycap>T</keycap> </keycombo>), and locate
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the kernel options line which should look like
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<userinput>root=/dev/ram video=font:VGA8x16</userinput> or similar.
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You need to change the entry to
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<userinput>root=/dev/<replaceable>yyyy</replaceable></userinput>.
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Replace the <replaceable>yyyy</replaceable> with the Linux name of the
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partition onto which you installed the system
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(e.g. <filename>/dev/sda1</filename>); you wrote this down earlier.
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The <userinput>video=font:VGA8x8</userinput> is recommended especially
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for users with tiny screens. The kernel would pick a prettier (6x11)
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font but the console driver for this font can hang the machine, so
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using 8x16 or 8x8 is safer at this stage. You can change this at any
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If you don't want to start GNU/Linux immediately each time you start,
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uncheck the <userinput>Auto Boot</userinput> option. Save your
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settings in the <filename>Prefs</filename> file using the
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<userinput>Save Settings As Default</userinput> option.
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Now select <userinput>Boot Now</userinput> (<keycombo>
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<keycap>command</keycap> <keycap>B</keycap> </keycombo>) to start your
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freshly installed GNU/Linux instead of the RAMdisk installer system.
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Debian should boot, and you should see the same messages as
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when you first booted the installation system, followed by some new
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<sect2 arch="powerpc"><title>OldWorld PowerMacs</title>
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If the machine fails to boot after completing the installation, and
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stops with a <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt, try typing
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<userinput>Linux</userinput> followed by &enterkey;. (The default boot
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configuration in <filename>quik.conf</filename> is labeled Linux). The
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labels defined in <filename>quik.conf</filename> will be displayed if
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you press the <keycap>Tab</keycap> key at the <prompt>boot:</prompt>
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prompt. You can also try booting back into the installer, and editing
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the <filename>/target/etc/quik.conf</filename> placed there by the
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<guimenuitem>Install <command>Quik</command> on a Hard
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Disk</guimenuitem> step. Clues for dealing with
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<command>quik</command> are available at <ulink
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url="&url-powerpc-quik-faq;"></ulink>.
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To boot back into MacOS without resetting the nvram, type
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<userinput>bye</userinput> at the OpenFirmware prompt (assuming MacOS
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has not been removed from the machine). To obtain an OpenFirmware
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prompt, hold down the <keycombo> <keycap>command</keycap>
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<keycap>option</keycap> <keycap>o</keycap> <keycap>f</keycap>
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</keycombo> keys while cold booting the machine. If you need to reset
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the OpenFirmware nvram changes to the MacOS default in order to boot
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back to MacOS, hold down the <keycombo> <keycap>command</keycap>
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<keycap>option</keycap> <keycap>p</keycap> <keycap>r</keycap>
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</keycombo> keys while cold booting the machine.
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If you use <command>BootX</command> to boot into the installed system,
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just select your desired kernel in the <filename>Linux
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Kernels</filename> folder, un-choose the ramdisk option, and add
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a root device corresponding to your installation;
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e.g. <userinput>/dev/hda8</userinput>.
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<sect2 arch="powerpc"><title>NewWorld PowerMacs</title>
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On G4 machines and iBooks, you can hold down the
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<keycap>option</keycap> key and get a graphical screen with a button
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for each bootable OS, &debian; will be a button with a small penguin
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If you kept MacOS and at some point it changes the OpenFirmware
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<envar>boot-device</envar> variable you should reset OpenFirmware to
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its default configuration. To do this hold down the <keycombo>
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<keycap>command</keycap> <keycap>option</keycap> <keycap>p</keycap>
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<keycap>r</keycap> </keycombo> keys while cold booting the machine.
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The labels defined in <filename>yaboot.conf</filename> will be
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displayed if you press the <keycap>Tab</keycap> key at the
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<prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt.
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Resetting OpenFirmware on G3 or G4 hardware will cause it to boot
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&debian; by default (if you correctly partitioned and placed the
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Apple_Bootstrap partition first). If you have &debian; on a SCSI disk
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and MacOS on an IDE disk this may not work and you will have to enter
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OpenFirmware and set the <envar>boot-device</envar> variable,
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<command>ybin</command> normally does this automatically.
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After you boot &debian; for the first time you can add any additional
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options you desire (such as dual boot options) to
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<filename>/etc/yaboot.conf</filename> and run <command>ybin</command>
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to update your boot partition with the changed configuration. Please
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read the <ulink url="&url-powerpc-yaboot-faq;">yaboot HOWTO</ulink>
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for more information.
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<sect1 id="base-config">
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<title>Debian Post-Boot (Base) Configuration</title>
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After booting, you will be prompted to complete the configuration of
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your basic system, and then to select what additional packages you
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wish to install. The application which guides you through this
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process is called <classname>base-config</classname>. Its concept is
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very similar to the &d-i; from the first stage. Indeed,
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<classname>base-config</classname> consists of a number of specialized
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components, where each component handles one configuration task,
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contains <quote>hidden menu in the background</quote> and also uses
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the same navigation system.
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If you wish to re-run the <classname>base-config</classname> at any
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point after installation is complete, as root run
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<userinput>base-config</userinput>.
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&module-bc-timezone.xml;
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&module-bc-shadow.xml;
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&module-bc-packages.xml;
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&module-bc-install.xml;
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<title>Log In</title>
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After you've installed packages, you'll be presented with the login
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prompt. Log in using the personal login and password you
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selected. Your system is now ready to use.
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If you are a new user, you may want to explore the documentation which
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is already installed on your system as you start to use it. There are
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currently several documentation systems, work is proceeding on
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integrating the different types of documentation. Here are a few
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Documentation accompanying programs you have installed is in
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<filename>/usr/share/doc/</filename>, under a subdirectory named after
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the program. For example, the APT User's Guide for using
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<command>apt</command> to install other programs on your system, is
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<filename>/usr/share/doc/apt/guide.html/index.html</filename>.
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In addition, there are some special folders within the
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<filename>/usr/share/doc/</filename> hierarchy. Linux HOWTOs are
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installed in <emphasis>.gz</emphasis> format, in
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<filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/</filename> and
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<filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/</filename>. The
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<filename>/usr/share/doc/HTML/index.html</filename> contains
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browse-able indexes of documentation installed by
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<command>dhelp</command>.
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One easy way to view these documents is to <userinput>cd
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/usr/share/doc/</userinput>, and type <userinput>lynx</userinput>
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followed by a space and a dot (the dot stands for the current
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You can also type <userinput>info
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<replaceable>command</replaceable></userinput> or <userinput>man
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<replaceable>command</replaceable></userinput> to see documentation on
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most commands available at the command prompt. Typing
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<userinput>help</userinput> will display help on shell commands. And
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typing a command followed by <userinput>--help</userinput> will
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usually display a short summary of the command's usage. If a command's
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results scroll past the top of the screen, type <userinput>|
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more</userinput> after the command to cause the results to pause
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before scrolling past the top of the screen. To see a list of all
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commands available which begin with a certain letter, type the letter
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For a more complete introduction to Debian and GNU/Linux, see
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<filename>/usr/share/doc/debian-guide/html/noframes/index.html</filename>.