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<div class="breadcrumbs"><a href="https://ajuda.ubuntu.cat">Documentació de l'Ubuntu</a> > <a href="https://ajuda.ubuntu.cat/9.04">Ubuntu 9.04</a> > <span class="breadcrumb-link"><a href="index.html">Guia del servidor de l'Ubuntu</a></span> > <span class="breadcrumb-link"><a href="web-servers.html">Web Servers</a></span> > <span class="breadcrumb-node">Apache Tomcat</span></div>

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<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="tomcat"></a>Apache Tomcat</h2>

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<p>Apache Tomcat is a web container that allows you to serve Java Servlets

and JSP (Java Server Pages) web applications.</p>

<p>The <span class="application"><strong>Tomcat 6.0</strong></span> packages in Ubuntu support

two different ways of running Tomcat. You can install them as a classic

unique system-wide instance, that will be started at boot time and will run

as the tomcat6 unpriviledged user. But you can also deploy private

instances that will run with your own user rights, and that you should

start and stop by yourself. This second way is particularly useful in a

development server context where multiple users need to test on their own

private Tomcat instances.</p>

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<h3 class="title"><a id="tomcat-installation"></a>System-wide installation</h3>

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<p>To install the <span class="application"><strong>Tomcat</strong></span> server,

you can enter the following command in the terminal prompt:</p>

<span class="command"><strong>sudo apt-get install tomcat6</strong></span>

</pre>

<p>This will install a Tomcat server with just a default ROOT webapp

that displays a minimal "It works" page by default.</p>

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<h3 class="title"><a id="tomcat-configuration"></a>Configuration</h3>

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</div>

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</div>

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<p>Tomcat configuration files can be found in

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<code class="filename">/etc/tomcat6</code>. Only a few common configuration tweaks

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will be described here, please see

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<a class="ulink" href="http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/index.html" target="_top">Tomcat

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6.0 documentation</a> for more.</p>

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<div>

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<div>

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<h4 class="title"><a id="tomcat-configuration-ports"></a>Changing default ports</h4>

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</div>

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<p>By default Tomcat 6.0 runs a HTTP connector on port 8080 and an

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AJP connector on port 8009. You might want to change those default

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ports to avoid conflict with another server on the system. This is

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done by changing the following lines in

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<code class="filename">/etc/tomcat6/server.xml</code>:</p>

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<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"

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connectionTimeout="20000"

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redirectPort="8443" />

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...

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</pre>

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</div>

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<h4 class="title"><a id="tomcat-configuration-jvm"></a>Changing JVM used</h4>

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</div>

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</div>

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<p>By default Tomcat will run preferably with OpenJDK-6, then try

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Sun's JVM, then try some other JVMs. If you have various JVMs

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installed, you can set which should be used by setting JAVA_HOME in

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<code class="filename">/etc/default/tomcat6</code>:</p>

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JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun

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</pre>

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<h4 class="title"><a id="tomcat-configuration-users"></a>Declaring users and roles</h4>

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<p>Usernames, passwords and roles (groups) can be defined centrally

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in a Servlet container. In Tomcat 6.0 this is done in the

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<code class="filename">/etc/tomcat6/tomcat-users.xml</code> file:</p>

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</pre>

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</div>

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<h3 class="title"><a id="tomcat-webapps"></a>Using Tomcat standard webapps</h3>

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</div>

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</div>

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</div>

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<p>Tomcat is shipped with webapps that you can install

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for documentation, administration or demo purposes.</p>

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<h4 class="title"><a id="tomcat-installation-docs"></a>Tomcat documentation</h4>

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</div>

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</div>

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</div>

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<p>The <span class="application"><strong>tomcat6-docs</strong></span> package contains

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Tomcat 6.0 documentation, packaged as a webapp that you can access by

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default at http://yourserver:8080/docs. You can install it by entering

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the following command in the terminal prompt:</p>

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<span class="command"><strong>sudo apt-get install tomcat6-docs</strong></span>

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</pre>

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</div>

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<h4 class="title"><a id="tomcat-installation-admin"></a>Tomcat administration webapps</h4>

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</div>

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</div>

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<p>The <span class="application"><strong>tomcat6-admin</strong></span> package contains

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two webapps that can be used to administer the Tomcat server using a

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web interface. You can install them by entering the

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following command in the terminal prompt:</p>

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<span class="command"><strong>sudo apt-get install tomcat6-admin</strong></span>

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</pre>

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<p>The first one is the <span class="emphasis"><em>manager</em></span> webapp, which

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you can access by default at http://yourserver:8080/manager/html. It is

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primarily used to get server status and restart webapps.</p>

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<p>Access to the <span class="emphasis"><em>manager</em></span> application is

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protected by default: you need to define a user with the role "manager"

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in <code class="filename">/etc/tomcat6/tomcat-users.xml</code>

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before you can access it.</p>

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</td>

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</tr>

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</table>

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</div>

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<p>The second one is the <span class="emphasis"><em>host-manager</em></span> webapp,

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which you can access by default at

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http://yourserver:8080/host-manager/html.

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It can be used to create virtual hosts dynamically.</p>

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<p>Access to the <span class="emphasis"><em>host-manager</em></span> application is

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also protected by default: you

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need to define a user with the role "admin" in

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<code class="filename">/etc/tomcat6/tomcat-users.xml</code>

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before you can access it.</p>

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</td>

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</table>

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</div>

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<p>For security reasons, the tomcat6 user cannot write to the

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<code class="filename">/etc/tomcat6</code> directory by default. Some features

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in these admin webapps (application deployment, virtual host creation)

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need write access to that directory. If you want to use these

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features execute the following, to give users in the tomcat6 group the necessary

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rights:</p>

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<span class="command"><strong>sudo chgrp -R tomcat6 /etc/tomcat6</strong></span>

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<span class="command"><strong>sudo chmod -R g+w /etc/tomcat6</strong></span>

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</pre>

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<h4 class="title"><a id="tomcat-installation-examples"></a>Tomcat examples webapps</h4>

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</div>

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</div>

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<p>The <span class="application"><strong>tomcat6-examples</strong></span> package contains

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two webapps that can be used to test or demonstrate Servlets and JSP

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features, which you can access them by default at

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http://yourserver:8080/examples. You can install them by entering the

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following command in the terminal prompt:</p>

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<span class="command"><strong>sudo apt-get install tomcat6-examples</strong></span>

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</pre>

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</div>

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</div>

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<h3 class="title"><a id="tomcat-user"></a>Using private instances</h3>

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</div>

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</div>

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<p>Tomcat is heavily used in development and testing scenarios

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where using a single system-wide instance doesn't meet the requirements

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of multiple users on a single system. The Tomcat 6.0 packages in

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Ubuntu come with tools to help deploy your own user-oriented instances,

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allowing every user on a system to run (without root rights) separate

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private instances while still using the system-installed

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libraries.</p>

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<p>It is possible to run the system-wide instance and the private

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instances in parallel, as long as they do not use the same TCP

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ports.</p>

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</table>

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</div>

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<h4 class="title"><a id="tomcat-user-install"></a>Installing private instance support</h4>

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</div>

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<p>You can install everything necessary to run private instances

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by entering the following command in the terminal prompt:</p>

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<span class="command"><strong>sudo apt-get install tomcat6-user</strong></span>

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</pre>

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<h4 class="title"><a id="tomcat-user-create"></a>Creating a private instance</h4>

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</div>

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</div>

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<p>You can create a private instance directory by entering the

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following command in the terminal prompt:</p>

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<span class="command"><strong>tomcat6-instance-create my-instance</strong></span>

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</pre>

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<p>This will create a new <code class="filename">my-instance</code> directory

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with all the necessary subdirectories and scripts.

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You can for example install your common libraries in the

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<code class="filename">lib/</code> subdirectory and deploy your webapps in the

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<code class="filename">webapps/</code> subdirectory. No webapps are deployed

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by default.</p>

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<h4 class="title"><a id="tomcat-user-config"></a>Configuring your private instance</h4>

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<p>You will find the classic Tomcat configuration files for your

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private instance in the <code class="filename">conf/</code>

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subdirectory. You should for

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example certainly edit the <code class="filename">conf/server.xml</code> file

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to change the default ports used by your private Tomcat instance to

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avoid conflict with other instances that might be running.</p>

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<h4 class="title"><a id="tomcat-user-start"></a>Starting/stopping your private instance</h4>

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<p>You can start your private instance by entering the following

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command in the terminal prompt (supposing your instance is located

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in the <code class="filename">my-instance</code> directory):</p>

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<span class="command"><strong>my-instance/bin/startup.sh</strong></span>

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</pre>

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<p>You should check the <code class="filename">logs/</code> subdirectory for

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any error. If you have a <span class="emphasis"><em>java.net.BindException: Address

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already in use<null>:8080</em></span> error, it means that the

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port you're using is already taken and that you should change it.

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</p>

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</table>

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<p>You can stop your instance by entering the following

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command in the terminal prompt (supposing your instance is located

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in the <code class="filename">my-instance</code> directory):</p>

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<span class="command"><strong>my-instance/bin/shutdown.sh</strong></span>

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</pre>

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<h3 class="title"><a id="tomcat-references"></a>References</h3>

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<li>

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<p>

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See the <a class="ulink" href="http://tomcat.apache.org/" target="_top">Apache Tomcat</a> website for more information.

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</p>

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</li>

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<p>

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<a class="ulink" href="http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596003180/" target="_top">Tomcat: The Definitive Guide</a> is a good

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resource for building web applications with Tomcat.

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</p>

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</li>

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<p>

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For additional books see the <a class="ulink" href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/Tomcat/Books" target="_top">Tomcat Books</a> list page.

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</p>

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</li>

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</ul>

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<hr />

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</a>

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<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Ruby on Rails </td>

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</a>

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</td>

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<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Capítol 10. Databases</td>

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</table>

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</div>

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<hr />

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<p>Aquest material es troba sota una llicència lliure, vegeu<a href="/legal.html">això</a> per a més detalls<br /></p>

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