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# Serbian translation for kubuntu-docs
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# Copyright (c) 2010 Rosetta Contributors and Canonical Ltd 2010
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# This file is distributed under the same license as the kubuntu-docs package.
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# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, 2010.
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"Project-Id-Version: kubuntu-docs\n"
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"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
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"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-09-15 02:35-0700\n"
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"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-06-25 21:10+0000\n"
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"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
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"Language-Team: Serbian <sr@li.org>\n"
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
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"X-Launchpad-Export-Date: 2011-10-05 10:16+0000\n"
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"X-Generator: Launchpad (build 14085)\n"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:12(title)
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msgid "The Basics of <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:3(title)
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msgid "Credits and License"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:4(para)
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"This document is maintained by the Ubuntu documentation team "
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"(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam). For a list of contributors, see "
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"the <ulink url=\"help:/kubuntu/contributors.html\">contributors page</ulink>"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:5(para)
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"This document is made available under the Creative Commons ShareAlike 2.5 "
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:6(para)
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"You are free to modify, extend, and improve the Ubuntu documentation source "
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"code under the terms of this license. All derivative works must be released "
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:8(para)
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"This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but "
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"WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY "
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"or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AS DESCRIBED IN THE DISCLAIMER."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:11(para)
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"A copy of the license is available here: <ulink "
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"url=\"help:/kubuntu/copyright.html\">Creative Commons ShareAlike "
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:14(year)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:15(ulink)
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msgid "Ubuntu Documentation Project"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:15(holder)
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msgid "Canonical Ltd. and members of the <placeholder-1/>"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:18(publishername)
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msgid "The Ubuntu Documentation Project"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:15(para)
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"This document introduces the basics of the <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> system, "
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"which are useful for getting started with <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:24(title)
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msgid "Command Line or Terminal"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:25(para)
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"Please see the topic covering the <ulink type=\"help\" "
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"url=\"help:/kubuntu/cli/\">Command Line</ulink>."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:33(title)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:35(para)
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"To get a complete understanding of the Linux file system, recommended "
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"reading is the <ulink url=\"http://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-"
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"Hierarchy/html/\">Linux Filesystem Hierarchy</ulink> documentation hosted by "
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"<ulink url=\"http://tldp.org/\">The Linux Documentation Project</ulink>."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:42(para)
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"A filesystem is a method of storing and organizing files, not only in Linux "
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"but also in other computer operating systems. In Linux, most files are "
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"<quote>regular files</quote>, except <emphasis>directories</emphasis>, "
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"<emphasis>special files</emphasis>, <emphasis>links</emphasis>, "
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"<emphasis>sockets</emphasis>, and <emphasis>named pipes</emphasis>. The most "
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"common filetypes that users interact with are regular files, directories and "
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:51(para)
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"Opening a terminal (in <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> this is called "
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"<application>Konsole</application>) and typing <screen>ls /</screen> brings "
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"up a list similar to the following: <screen>\n"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:83(para)
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msgid "Not all lists will look exactly like the one above."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:87(para)
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"The following is an overview of the files or directories listed above."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:90(title)
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msgid "Filesystem Overview"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:91(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:93(para)
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"Contains terminal commands that are useful to system administrators (who "
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"have full access privileges) and to regular users (who have limited access "
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"privileges). The commands in this directory are essential to the operation "
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"of a Linux system. Some of the commands in the <filename "
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"class=\"directory\">bin</filename> directory are <command>bash</command>, "
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"<command>ls</command>, <command>cp</command>, and <command>cat</command>."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:103(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:105(para)
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"Contains the files required for the boot process. In the case of "
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"<phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>, it contains the files for the "
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"<application>GRUB2</application> boot-loader, master boot records, map "
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"files, and the Linux kernel."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:112(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:114(para)
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"A <abbrev>symlink</abbrev> or <quote>symbolic link</quote> to <filename "
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"class=\"directory\">/media/cdrom</filename>, which itself is a "
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"<abbrev>symlink</abbrev> to <filename "
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"class=\"directory\">/media/cdrom0</filename>. If a <acronym>CD</acronym> is "
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"placed into the <acronym>CDROM</acronym> drive, the contents of that CD will "
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"be available in <filename class=\"directory\">/media/cdrom0</filename> "
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:124(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:126(para)
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"Location of special or device files. For example, <filename "
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"class=\"devicefile\">/dev/sda0</filename> is the first partition on the hard "
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:133(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:135(para)
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"Contains all system-related configuration files, used to control the "
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"operation of programs."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:141(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:143(para)
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"Contains a home directory for each user on the system. A user's home "
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"directory can contain personal configuration files and files such as "
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"documents, music, video, and other user-defined directories and files."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:150(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:152(para)
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"A <abbrev>symlink</abbrev> to <filename>/boot/initrd.img-<kernel "
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"version></filename> which is required for system startup."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:158(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:160(para)
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"Contains the kernel modules in addition to shared library images needed to "
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"boot the system and run commands."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:166(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:168(para)
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"Same as <filename class=\"directory\">lib</filename> above, but contains "
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"only the 32-bit versions."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:174(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:176(para)
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"Same as <filename class=\"directory\">lib</filename> above, but contains "
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"only the 64-bit versions."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:182(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:184(para)
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"Contains the results of any recovery operation due to an improper shutdown "
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"of the system or a system crash."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:190(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:192(para)
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"Contains the subdirectories which are used as mount points for removable "
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"media such as <acronym>CDROM</acronym> drives, <acronym>USB</acronym> disks, "
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:199(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:201(para)
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"Generic mount point for filesystems or devices. In most cases, <filename "
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"class=\"directory\">/media</filename> is where most devices will be "
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:207(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:209(para)
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"Short for <quote>optional</quote>. This directory is used for add-on "
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"packages that are typically installed manually by the user."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:215(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:217(para)
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"Virtual filesystem that contains runtime system information which is "
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"presented in a file-like structure."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:223(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:225(para)
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"The home directory of the system administrator known as <quote>root</quote>."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:230(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:232(para)
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"Contains programs that are essential to the working of the system, such as "
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"<command>fdisk</command>, <command>ifconfig</command>, "
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"<command>reboot</command>, and <command>shutdown</command>."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:239(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:241(para)
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"A pseudo-filesystem containing the commands used by the kernel subsystem for "
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"the Security-Enhanced Linux feature."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:247(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:249(para)
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msgid "Contains site-specific data which is served by the system."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:254(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:256(para)
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msgid "Contains the Linux kernel, firmware and system-related files."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:261(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:263(para)
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"Contains files that are required temporarily. Many programs use this "
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"directory to create lock files and for temporary storage of data."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:269(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:271(para)
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"Contains the largest share of data on the system, including read-only user "
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"data, as well as files and programs and such as program binaries, "
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"documentation, libraries, header files, and more."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:278(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:280(para)
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"Contains variable data such as system log files, mail and printer spool "
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"directories, as well as transient and temporary files."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:286(filename)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:288(para)
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"A <abbrev>symlink</abbrev> to a compressed executable of the Linux kernel."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:298(title)
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msgid "Users and Groups"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:299(para)
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"Since Linux is a true multi-user system, the principles of both "
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"<emphasis>users</emphasis> and <emphasis>groups</emphasis> are important to "
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"the internal operation of the system, and also to the day-to-day use of the "
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"system. Linux handling of users and groups is the reason it is one of the "
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"most secure operating systems."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:307(title)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:308(para)
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msgid "There are two different types of users:"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:313(para)
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"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Physical Users</emphasis> are people who use the "
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"system physically. They have user IDs which are usually unique, as well as "
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:319(para)
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"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Logical Users</emphasis> are not tied to a person, "
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"but instead are tied to a system function that are used by applications to "
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"perform specific tasks. Daemons, mail, news are examples of logical users."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:328(title)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:329(para)
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"Groups are logical expressions of organization. They tie users together and "
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"provide group-based, rather than user-based permissions. Common groups "
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"include <emphasis>admin</emphasis>, <emphasis>audio</emphasis>, "
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"<emphasis>mail</emphasis>."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:340(title)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:341(para)
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"In a multi-user environment, security of user and system data is important. "
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"Linux has three specific, or distinct, classes:"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:347(para)
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"<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis> - <emphasis>read</emphasis> "
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"permission which grants the ability to read a file."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:353(para)
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"<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis> - <emphasis>write</emphasis> "
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"permission which grants the ability to modify a file."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:359(para)
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"<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis> - <emphasis>execute</emphasis> "
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"permission which grants the ability to execute a file."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:365(para)
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"The list above shows the symbolic notation of each permission in <emphasis "
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"role=\"strong\">bold</emphasis> text. Each permission also has an octal "
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:371(para)
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msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">r</emphasis> - <emphasis>4</emphasis>"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:376(para)
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msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">w</emphasis> - <emphasis>2</emphasis>"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:381(para)
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msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">x</emphasis> - <emphasis>1</emphasis>"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:387(title)
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msgid "Permissions Example"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:388(para)
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"To view permissions, type <screen>ls -l ~/</screen> which will output a list "
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"of the directories and files in the current user's home directory. For "
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"example: <screen>\n"
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"drwxr-xr-x 2 username usergroup 4096 2009-12-17 11:10 Documents\n"
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"</screen> The first column, which contains <emphasis role=\"strong\">drwxr-"
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"xr-x</emphasis>, can be interpreted as follows:"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:407(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:408(entry)
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msgid "User Permissions"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:409(entry)
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msgid "Group Permissions"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:410(entry)
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msgid "Others Permissions"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:416(emphasis)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:416(emphasis)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:415(entry)
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msgid "<placeholder-1/> - <placeholder-2/>"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:419(emphasis) ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:485(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:419(emphasis) ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:424(emphasis) ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:428(emphasis)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:420(emphasis)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:420(emphasis) ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:425(emphasis) ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:429(emphasis)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:418(entry)
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"<placeholder-1/> - <placeholder-2/>, <placeholder-3/> and <placeholder-4/> "
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"permissions for the user."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:424(emphasis) ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:428(emphasis) ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:475(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:423(entry)
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"<placeholder-1/> - <placeholder-2/> and <placeholder-3/> permissions for the "
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:427(entry)
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"<placeholder-1/> - <placeholder-2/> and <placeholder-3/> permissions for all "
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:437(title)
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msgid "Octal to Symbolic Summary"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:442(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:443(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:444(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:449(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:450(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:451(entry)
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msgid "No permissions"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:454(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:455(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:456(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:459(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:460(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:461(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:464(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:465(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:466(entry)
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msgid "Write and Execute"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:469(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:470(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:471(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:474(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:476(entry)
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msgid "Read and Execute"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:479(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:480(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:481(entry)
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msgid "Read and Write"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:484(entry)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:486(entry)
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msgid "Read, Write, and Execute"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:496(title)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:497(para)
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"Processes are instances of computer programs that are running. Next to "
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"files, processes are the second most important part of the Linux system."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:501(title)
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msgid "Viewing Processes in <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:502(term)
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msgid "System Activity"
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:504(para)
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"<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Esc</keycap></keycombo> - Starts "
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"<acronym>KDE</acronym>' <application>s System Activity</application> dialog "
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"where processes can be viewed and killed."
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:511(term)
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:513(para)
721
"<command>ps</command> - Open <application>Konsole</application> by going to "
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"<menuchoice><guimenu>Kickoff Application "
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"Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>Applications</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>System</gu"
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"isubmenu><guimenuitem>Terminal (Konsole)</guimenuitem></menuchoice> and "
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"type: <screen>ps</screen>"
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#. Put one translator per line, in the form of NAME <EMAIL>, YEAR1, YEAR2
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#: ../docs/basics/C/basics.xml:0(None)
730
msgid "translator-credits"