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<!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../../libs/global.ent">
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<!-- NAMES --><!ENTITY canonical-name "Canonical Ltd.">
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<!ENTITY project-name "Ubuntu Documentation Project">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>">
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<!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY distro-version "Gutsy Gibbon">
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<!ENTITY distro-rev "7.10">
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<!ENTITY distro-release-date "October 2007">
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<!ENTITY linux-kernel-version "2.6.22">
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<!ENTITY gcc-version "4.1.2">
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<!ENTITY glibc-version "2.5">
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<!ENTITY python-version "2.5">
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<!-- AUTHORS --><!ENTITY author-ubuntu-documentation-project SYSTEM "../common/authors/ubuntu-documentation-project.xml">
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<!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM "../common/C/glossary.xml">
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<!-- LEGAL URLs --><!ENTITY gpl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc "http://creativecommons.org/">
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<!ENTITY cc-attrib '<ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-fulldeed-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode/">
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<!ENTITY fdl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en">
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<!-- CANONICAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY canonical-url "http://www.canonical.com">
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<!-- OTHER UBUNTU RELATED RESOURCES --><!ENTITY upstart-url "http://upstart.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU IRC INFORMATION --><!ENTITY irc-network "Freenode">
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<!ENTITY irc-server "irc.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #ubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #xubuntu">
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<!ENTITY edubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #edubuntu">
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<!-- UBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY ubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-dpkgfile "ubuntu5.10.tar">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-web "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-main "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-download "http://www.ubuntu.com/download">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-forums "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-components "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-wiki "http://wiki.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-bugzilla "https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-bugs "https://launchpad.net/products/ubuntu-doc/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-support "http://www.ubuntu.com/support">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-paidsupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/paid">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-freesupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/free">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-comments "http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=21787">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation "http://help.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation-repos "https://docteam.ubuntu.com/repos/trunk">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-team "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-list "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-doc">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-shipit "http://shipit.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-launchpad "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-rosetta "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com/rosetta">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-planet "http://planet.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-philosophy "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-participate "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-marketplace "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/marketplace">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-hwdb "http://hwdb.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU WIKI RESOURCES --><!ENTITY wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY restricted-formats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RestrictedFormats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-XChatHowto "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/XChatHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RootSudo "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">
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<!ENTITY wiki-HowToGetHelp "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToGetHelp">
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<!ENTITY transcode "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DVDRippingandEncoding">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Wine "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wine">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Cedega "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Cedega">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Nano "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NanoHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-locoteams "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeamList">
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<!ENTITY wiki-BasicCommands "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BasicCommands">
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<!ENTITY wiki-filepermissions "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions">
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<!-- KUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY kubuntu-web "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-main "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-download "http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com/edgy/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-cdpackages-nodefault "http://people.ubuntu.com/~cjwatson/seeds/kubuntu-edgy/ship">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-users "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-devel "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-devel/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-mirrors "http://distrowatch.com/kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-forums "http://kubuntuforums.net">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki "https://wiki.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-documentation-site "http://www.kubuntu.org/documentation.php">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-support "http://www.kubuntu.org/support.php">
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<!-- XUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY xubuntu-web "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-main "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-web-help "http://www.xubuntu.org/help">
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<!-- DEBIAN RESOURCES --><!ENTITY debian-apt "http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">
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<!-- EXTERNAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY linmodem "http://www.linmodems.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnome "http://www.gnome.org/">
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<!ENTITY linuxorg "http://www.linux.org/">
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<!ENTITY ooo "http://www.openoffice.org/">
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<!ENTITY kde "http://www.kde.org/">
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<!ENTITY lugww "http://lugww.counter.li.org/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-watch "http://distrowatch.com/ubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY realplayer-download "http://www.real.com/linux/">
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<!ENTITY nvu-download "http://www.nvu.com/download.html">
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<!ENTITY sunjava-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY xorg "http://www.x.org">
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<!ENTITY dyndns "http://www.dyndns.org">
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<!ENTITY shoutcast "http://www.shoutcast.com/">
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<!ENTITY freedomtoaster "http://www.freedomtoaster.org/">
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<!ENTITY xfce "http://www.xfce.org/">
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<!-- ubuntu-screenshots TODO --><!ENTITY kubuntu-screenshots "http://shots.osdir.com/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla "http://www.mozilla.org/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla-firefox "http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">
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<!ENTITY gnu "http://www.gnu.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnu-philosophy "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">
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<!ENTITY win4lin "http://www.win4lin.com">
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<!ENTITY codeweavers "http://www.codeweavers.com">
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<!ENTITY kernel "http://www.kernel.org">
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<!ENTITY google "http://www.google.com">
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<!ENTITY kdelook " http://www.kde-look.org">
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<!ENTITY lulu-store "http://www.lulu.com/ubuntu-doc">
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<!-- this entity controls the url for addons--><!ENTITY java-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY skype-deb "skype_1.2.0.17-1_i386.deb">
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<!ENTITY skype-download "http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-gz "scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-url "http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/packages/scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY ext2fs-url "http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html">
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<!ENTITY mvb-tar "mvb_1.6.tgz">
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<!ENTITY mvb-url "http://www.xscd.com/pub/mvb/&mvb-tar;">
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<!-- TLDP --><!ENTITY ldp-pre-install-check "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Pre-Installation-Checklist/">
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<!-- LANGUAGES (sorted by two letter code)--><!ENTITY Afar "aa">
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<!ENTITY Abkhazian "ab">
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<!ENTITY Afrikaans "af">
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<!ENTITY Amharic "af">
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<!ENTITY Arabic "ar">
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<!ENTITY Assamese "as">
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<!ENTITY Aymara "ay">
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<!ENTITY Azerbaijani "az">
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<!ENTITY Bashkir "ba">
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<!ENTITY Byelorussian "be">
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<!ENTITY Bulgarian "bg">
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<!ENTITY Bihari "bh">
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<!ENTITY Bislama "bi">
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<!ENTITY Bangla "bn">
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<!ENTITY Bengali "bn">
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<!ENTITY Tibetan "bo">
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<!ENTITY Breton "br">
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<!ENTITY Catalan "ca">
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<!ENTITY Corsican "co">
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<!ENTITY Danish "da">
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<!ENTITY German "de">
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<!ENTITY Bhutani "dz">
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<!-- <!ENTITY EnglishAmerican 'en'> --><!ENTITY EnglishAmerican "C">
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<!ENTITY Esperanto "eo">
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<!ENTITY Spanish "es">
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<!ENTITY Estonian "et">
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<!ENTITY Basque "eu">
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<!ENTITY Persian "fa">
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<!ENTITY Finnish "fi">
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<!ENTITY Faeroese "fo">
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<!ENTITY French "fr">
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<!ENTITY Frisian "fy">
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<!ENTITY Gaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY ScotsGaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY Galician "gl">
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<!ENTITY Guarani "gn">
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<!ENTITY Gujarati "gu">
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<!ENTITY Croatian "hr">
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<!ENTITY Hungarian "hu">
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<!ENTITY Armenian "hy">
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<!ENTITY Interlingua "ia">
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<!ENTITY Interlingue "ie">
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<!ENTITY Inupiak "ik">
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<!ENTITY Indonesian "in">
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<!ENTITY Icelandic "is">
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<!ENTITY Italian "it">
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<!ENTITY Hebrew "iw">
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<!ENTITY Japanese "ja">
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<!ENTITY Yiddish "ji">
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<!ENTITY Javanese "jw">
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<!ENTITY Georgian "ka">
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<!ENTITY Kazakh "kk">
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<!ENTITY Greenlandic "kl">
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<!ENTITY Cambodian "km">
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<!ENTITY Kannada "kn">
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<!ENTITY Korean "ko">
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<!ENTITY Kashmiri "ks">
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<!ENTITY Kurdish "ku">
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<!ENTITY Kirghiz "ky">
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<!ENTITY Lingala "ln">
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<!ENTITY Laothian "lo">
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<!ENTITY Lithuanian "lt">
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<!ENTITY Latvian "lv">
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<!ENTITY Lettish "lv">
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<!ENTITY Malagasy "mg">
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<!ENTITY Macedonian "mk">
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<!ENTITY Malayalam "ml">
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<!ENTITY Mongolian "mn">
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<!ENTITY Moldavian "mo">
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<!ENTITY Marathi "mr">
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<!ENTITY Maltese "mt">
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<!ENTITY Burmese "my">
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<!ENTITY Nepali "ne">
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<!ENTITY Norwegian "no">
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<!ENTITY Occitan "oc">
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<!ENTITY Punjabi "pa">
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<!ENTITY Polish "pl">
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<!ENTITY Pushto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Pashto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Portuguese "pt">
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<!ENTITY Quechua "qu">
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<!ENTITY Rhaeto-Romance "rm">
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<!ENTITY Kirundi "rn">
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<!ENTITY Romanian "ro">
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<!ENTITY Russian "ru">
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<!ENTITY Kinyarwanda "rw">
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<!ENTITY Sanskrit "sa">
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<!ENTITY Sindhi "sd">
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<!ENTITY Sangro "sg">
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<!ENTITY Serbo-Croatian "sh">
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<!ENTITY Singhalese "si">
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<!ENTITY Slovak "sk">
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<!ENTITY Slovenian "sl">
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<!ENTITY Samoan "sm">
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<!ENTITY Somali "so">
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<!ENTITY Albanian "sq">
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<!ENTITY Serbian "sr">
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<!ENTITY Siswati "ss">
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<!ENTITY Sesotho "st">
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<!ENTITY Sudanese "su">
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<!ENTITY Swedish "sv">
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<!ENTITY Swahili "sw">
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<!ENTITY Tegulu "te">
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<!ENTITY Tigrinya "ti">
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<!ENTITY Turkmen "tk">
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<!ENTITY Tagalog "tl">
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<!ENTITY Setswana "tn">
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<!ENTITY Turkish "tr">
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<!ENTITY Tsonga "ts">
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<!ENTITY Ukrainian "uk">
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<!ENTITY Vietnamese "vi">
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<!ENTITY Volapuk "vo">
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<!ENTITY Yoruba "yo">
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<!ENTITY Chinese "zh">
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<!ENTITY % cdo-C SYSTEM "../../../libs/cdo-C.ent">
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<!-- COMMON DOC OBJECTS --><!ENTITY copyright SYSTEM "../common/C/copyright.xml">
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<!ENTITY conventions SYSTEM "../common/C/conventions.xml">
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<!ENTITY feedback SYSTEM "../common/C/feedback.xml">
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<!ENTITY publisher SYSTEM "../common/C/publisher.xml">
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<!ENTITY disclaimer SYSTEM "../common/C/disclaimer.xml">
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<!ENTITY inline-ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/inlinemediaobject-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY inline-ubuntu-icon-header SYSTEM "../common/C/inlinemediaobject-ubuntu-icon-header.xml">
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<!ENTITY relative-ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/mediaobject-relative-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/mediaobject-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY gpl SYSTEM "../common/C/gpl.xml">
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<!ENTITY fdl SYSTEM "../common/C/fdl.xml">
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<!ENTITY cc-by-sa SYSTEM "../common/C/ccbysa.xml">
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<!ENTITY licenses SYSTEM "../common/C/licenses.xml">
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<!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../common/C/legalnotice.xml">
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<!ENTITY klegalnotice SYSTEM "../kubuntu/libs/legalnotice.xml">
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<!ENTITY % kde SYSTEM "../../libs/kde.ent">
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<!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY kde-version "3.5.7">
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<!ENTITY adept "Adept">
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<!ENTITY appshort "<application>Adept</application>">
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<!ENTITY different-user "kdesu">
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<!ENTITY % kde-menus-C SYSTEM "../../libs/kde-menus-C.ent">
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<!-- KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS AT THE VERY END --><!-- KDE MENU Entries --><!ENTITY menuar "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>Add/Remove Programs</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuadept "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Adept Manager - Manage Packages</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuakregator "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Akregator - RSS Feed Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuamarok "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Amarok Audio -Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuark "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Ark - Archiving Tool</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuaudacity "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Audacity</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menublender "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Blender</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menubluechat "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Bluetooth Chat</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menublueobex "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Bluetooth OBEX Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menudevhelp "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Devhelp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menudigikam "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>digiKam - Photo Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menueclipse "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Eclipse</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuff "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Firefox Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menufind "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>Find
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Files/Folders</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugambas "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Gambas</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugimp "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Gimp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugwenview "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Gwenview - Image Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
315
<!ENTITY menuhelp "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>Help</guimenuitem></menuchoice
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<!ENTITY menuhplip "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>HPLIP Toolbox - Printer Toolbox</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
319
<!ENTITY menuinkscape "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Inkscape</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
321
<!ENTITY menuk3b "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu>
322
<guimenuitem>K3b - CD & DVD Burning</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
323
<!ENTITY menukaffeine "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu>
324
<guimenuitem>Kaffeine - Media Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
325
<!ENTITY menukaramba "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
326
<guimenuitem>SuperKaramba</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
327
<!ENTITY menukarm "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
328
<guimenuitem>KArm Personal Time Tracker</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
329
<!ENTITY menukatapult "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
330
<guimenuitem>Katapult - KDE launcher</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
331
<!ENTITY menukate "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
332
<guimenuitem>Kate - Advanced Text Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
333
<!ENTITY menuaudiocreator "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu>
334
<guimenuitem>KAudioCreator - CD Ripper</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
335
<!ENTITY menukcron "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem
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>KCron - Task Scheduler</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
337
<!ENTITY menugwwiz "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KDE Groupware Wizard</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
338
<!ENTITY menukdevelop "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>
339
<guimenuitem>KDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
340
<!ENTITY menukeep "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem
341
>Keep Backup System</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
342
<!ENTITY menukexi "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Kexi - Database Creator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
343
<!ENTITY menukinfoctr "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KInfoCenter - Info Center</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
344
<!ENTITY menukino "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu>
345
<guimenuitem>Kino</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
346
<!ENTITY menukivio "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Kivio (Flowchart & Diagram
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Editing)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukjobview "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
350
<guimenuitem>KJobViewer - Print Jobs</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
351
<!ENTITY menukmag "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
352
<guimenuitem>KMag - Screen Magnifier</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
353
<!ENTITY menukmix "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu>
354
<guimenuitem>KMix - Sound Mixer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
355
<!ENTITY menukmouse "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
356
<guimenuitem>KMouseTool - Automatic Mouse Click</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
357
<!ENTITY menukmymoney "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu>
358
<guimenuitem>KMyMoney2</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
359
<!ENTITY menuknetmgr "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>
360
<guimenuitem>KNetworkManager - Network Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
361
<!ENTITY menuknotes "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
362
<guimenuitem>KNotes - Popup Notes</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
363
<!ENTITY menukonqi "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>
364
<guimenuitem>Konqueror - Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
365
<!ENTITY menukonsole "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem
366
>Konsole - Terminal Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
367
<!ENTITY menukontact "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Kontact - Personal Information Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
368
<!ENTITY menukonv "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Konversation - IRC Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
369
<!ENTITY menukooka "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Kooka - Scan & OCR Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
370
<!ENTITY menukopete "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Kopete - Instant Messager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
371
<!ENTITY menukpdf "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KPDF - PDF Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
372
<!ENTITY menukppp "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KPPP - Internet Dial-Up Tool</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
373
<!ENTITY menukrdc "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Krdc - Remote Desktop Connection</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
374
<!ENTITY menukrfb "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Krfb - Desktop Sharing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
375
<!ENTITY menukrita "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Krita - Painting and Image Editing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
376
<!ENTITY menukscd "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KSCD - CD Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
377
<!ENTITY menuksnap "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KSnapshot - Screen Capture Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
378
<!ENTITY menuksysgd "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KSysGuard - Performance Monitor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
379
<!ENTITY menuksyslog "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KSystemLog - System Logs Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
380
<!ENTITY menuktorrent "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KTorrent - BitTorrent Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
381
<!ENTITY menukubdb "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Kubuntu Device Database</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
382
<!ENTITY menulock "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>Lock Session</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
383
<!ENTITY menulogout "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>Log Out...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
384
<!ENTITY menumonodev "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>
385
<guimenuitem>MonoDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
386
<!ENTITY menumonodoc "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>
387
<guimenuitem>MonoDoc</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
388
<!ENTITY menuqt4designer "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>
389
<guimenuitem>Qt4 Designer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
390
<!ENTITY menuqtparted "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu>
391
<guimenuitem>QtParted</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
392
<!ENTITY menurun "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>Run
393
Command...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
394
<!ENTITY menuscribus "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu>
395
<guimenuitem>Scribus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
396
<!ENTITY menuskim "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
397
<guimenuitem>Skim - Input method platform</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
398
<!ENTITY menuspcrnch "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
399
<guimenuitem>SpeedCrunch - Calculator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
400
<!ENTITY menusud "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Switch
401
User</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>username: default (:0,
402
vt7)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
403
<!ENTITY menusul "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Switch User</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Lock Current & Start New Session</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
404
<!ENTITY menusun "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Switch
405
User</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Start New Session</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
406
<!ENTITY menusysset "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>System
407
Settings</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
408
<!ENTITY menuwifi "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>
409
<guimenuitem>Wireless Assistant Wireless LAN
410
Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
411
<!ENTITY menukbandmouse "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>System
412
Settings</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Keyboard &
413
Mouse</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
414
<!ENTITY menufax "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu><guisubmenuitem>Fax Address Utility</guisubmenuitem></menuchoice>">
415
<!-- OPEN OFFICE --><!ENTITY menuooimpress "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu>
416
<guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Impress - Presentation</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
417
<!ENTITY menuoocalc "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu>
418
<guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Calc - Spreadsheet</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
419
<!ENTITY menuoowriter "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu>
420
<guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Writer - Word Processor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
421
<!-- KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS --><!ENTITY ctrlaltf1 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
422
<keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>">
423
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf2 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
424
<keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo>">
425
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf3 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
426
<keycap>F3</keycap></keycombo>">
427
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf4 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
428
<keycap>F4</keycap></keycombo>">
429
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf5 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
430
<keycap>F5</keycap></keycombo>">
431
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf6 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
432
<keycap>F6</keycap></keycombo>">
433
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf7 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
434
<keycap>F7</keycap></keycombo>">
435
<!ENTITY ctrlaltbkspc "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Backspace</keycap>
437
<!ENTITY % kde-general SYSTEM "/usr/share/apps/ksgmltools2/customization/obsolete/general.entities">
439
KDE general entities for DocBook as used in the KDE documentation
441
Copyright (C) 2002 Frederik Fouvry
443
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
444
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
445
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
446
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
448
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
449
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
450
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
451
GNU General Public License for more details.
453
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
454
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
455
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
457
Send suggestions, comments, etc. to the KDE docbook list
458
<kde-docbook@kde.org>.
463
Refer to this file as
465
"-//KDE//ENTITIES DocBook XML General Entity Declarations V1.1//EN"
467
This file contains what dbgenent.mod should contain and is read
468
after all other files just like dbgenent.mod should be.
470
--><!-- ============================================================= --><!-- Extensions to the DocBook DTD --><!-- ============================================================= --><!-- E.g. KDE specific entities (see also dbgenent.mod for this) --><!-- Legal texts we put in a specific place
471
so that we don't need to cut'n'paste them to every doc
472
--><!ENTITY GPL-html PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU General Public License V2 (HTML)//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html" NDATA SGML>
473
<!ENTITY GPL PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU General Public License V2//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html" NDATA linespecific>
474
<!ENTITY GPLNotice PUBLIC "-//KDE//DOCUMENT GNU General Public License Notice//EN" "../en/entities/gpl-notice.docbook">
475
<!-- meant for inclusion, so no [CN]DATA SGML (why?) --><!ENTITY LGPL-html PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Lesser General Public License V2.1 (HTML)//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html" NDATA SGML>
476
<!ENTITY LGPL PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Lesser General Public License V2.1//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html" NDATA linespecific>
477
<!ENTITY LGPLNotice PUBLIC "-//KDE//DOCUMENT GNU Lesser General Public License Notice//EN" "../en/entities/lgpl-notice.docbook">
478
<!-- meant for inclusion, so no [CN]DATA SGML --><!ENTITY FDL-html PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Free Documentation License V1.1 (HTML)//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html" NDATA SGML>
479
<!ENTITY FDL PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Free Documentation License V1.1//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html" NDATA linespecific>
480
<!-- FDLNotice is defined in lang.entities (why?) --><!-- KDE index generation
481
Set addindex to IGNORE to stop index generation
482
Indices are generated on the fly, so no intermediate file is needed
483
--><!ENTITY % addindex "INCLUDE">
484
<!ENTITY documentation.index "<index></index>">
485
<!--ENTITY kapp "(Oops - someone forgot to fill in the application name here)" --><!-- Entities to fill in slots in docbook version of FDL notice --><!ENTITY % FDLIS "IGNORE">
486
<!ENTITY % FDLFCT "IGNORE">
487
<!ENTITY % FDLBCT "IGNORE">
488
<!-- These are the language-independent entities. They can be (more
489
or less) freely extended. Keep this list sorted and sensible.
490
Make sure you always add full markup to the text.
492
Naming policy: name the entity like you would see the text
493
(inclusive case). KDE entities are always lowercased. Spaces
494
are omitted. Examples: Qt (for "Qt"), RedHat (for "Red Hat"),
495
kfloppy (for "KFloppy") . (Entity names cannot start with digits,
496
in that case, use the written form for the first digit.)
498
DO NOT JUST RENAME ENTITIES! That implies removal of an existing
499
entity and that may change the validity of documents, which must
500
not happen. Place the name you wish to remove in the list of
501
obsolete entities (depending on the case, the expansion is
502
redefined or kept as it was); the new name goes in the official list.
503
A later version of the DTD (with another version number!) will
504
effectively remove these entities. In that way, old documents
505
remain valid, while new ones can only use the new declarations.
506
--><!ENTITY AIX "<trademark class='registered'>AIX</trademark>">
507
<!ENTITY aktion "<application>aKtion</application>">
508
<!ENTITY amor "<application>AMOR</application>">
509
<!ENTITY ark "<application>Ark</application>">
510
<!ENTITY arts "<application>aRts</application>">
511
<!ENTITY arts-builder "<application>aRts-builder</application>">
512
<!ENTITY artscontrol "<application>artscontrol</application>">
513
<!ENTITY artsd "<application>artsd</application>">
514
<!ENTITY artsdsp "<application>artsdsp</application>">
515
<!ENTITY artsserver "<application>artsserver</application>">
516
<!ENTITY artsshell "<application>artsshell</application>">
517
<!ENTITY artswrapper "<application>artswrapper</application>">
518
<!ENTITY ATAPI "<acronym>ATAPI</acronym>">
519
<!ENTITY atlantik "<application>Atlantik</application>">
520
<!ENTITY brahms "<application>Brahms</application>">
521
<!ENTITY catalogmanager "<application>Catalog Manager</application>">
522
<!ENTITY CD "<acronym>CD</acronym>">
523
<!ENTITY CDE "<acronym>CDE</acronym>">
524
<!ENTITY CD-ROM "<acronym>CD-ROM</acronym>">
525
<!ENTITY cervisia "<application>Cervisia</application>">
526
<!ENTITY CSS "<trademark>CSS</trademark>">
527
<!ENTITY CUPS "<acronym>CUPS</acronym>">
528
<!ENTITY drkonqi "<application>DrKonqi</application>">
529
<!ENTITY DCOP "<acronym>DCOP</acronym>">
530
<!ENTITY DVI "<acronym>DVI</acronym>">
531
<!ENTITY ELF "<acronym>ELF</acronym>">
532
<!ENTITY Emacs "<application>Emacs</application>">
533
<!ENTITY flashkard "<application>FlashKard</application>">
534
<!ENTITY FTP "<acronym>FTP</acronym>">
535
<!ENTITY gcc "<command>gcc</command>">
536
<!ENTITY GIF "<acronym>GIF</acronym>">
537
<!ENTITY GMT "<acronym>GMT</acronym>">
538
<!ENTITY GNU "<acronym>GNU</acronym>">
539
<!ENTITY GUI "<acronym>GUI</acronym>">
540
<!ENTITY Handspring "<trademark>Handspring</trademark>">
541
<!ENTITY Hewlett-Packard '<trademark class="registered">Hewlett-Packard</trademark>'>
542
<!ENTITY HotSync '<trademark class="registered">HotSync</trademark>'>
543
<!ENTITY HP '<trademark class="registered">HP</trademark>'>
544
<!ENTITY HP-UX '<trademark class="registered">HP-UX</trademark>'>
545
<!ENTITY HTTP "<acronym>HTTP</acronym>">
546
<!ENTITY IRIX '<trademark class="registered">IRIX</trademark>'>
547
<!ENTITY Java "<trademark>Java</trademark>">
548
<!ENTITY Jini "<trademark>Jini</trademark>">
549
<!ENTITY kab2 "<application>Kab2</application>">
550
<!ENTITY kenolaba "<application>Kenolaba</application>">
551
<!ENTITY kaboodle "<application>Kaboodle</application>">
552
<!ENTITY kaddressbook "<application>KAddressBook</application>">
553
<!ENTITY kalarm "<application>KAlarm</application>">
554
<!ENTITY kalarmd "<application>KAlarmd</application>">
555
<!ENTITY kalzium "<application>Kalzium</application>">
556
<!ENTITY kamera "<application>Kamera</application>">
557
<!ENTITY kandy "<application>Kandy</application>">
558
<!ENTITY kappfinder "<application>Kappfinder</application>">
559
<!ENTITY kaphorism "<application>KAphorism</application>">
560
<!ENTITY karm "<application>KArm</application>">
561
<!ENTITY kasteroids "<application>KAsteroids</application>">
562
<!ENTITY kate "<application>Kate</application>">
563
<!ENTITY katomic "<application>KAtomic</application>">
564
<!ENTITY kbabel "<application>KBabel</application>">
565
<!ENTITY kbabeldict "<application>KBabelDict</application>">
566
<!ENTITY kbackgammon "<application>KBackgammon</application>">
567
<!ENTITY kbattleship "<application>KBattleship</application>">
568
<!ENTITY kbiff "<application>KBiff</application>">
569
<!ENTITY kblackbox "<application>KBlackbox</application>">
570
<!ENTITY kbounce "<application>KBounce</application>">
571
<!ENTITY kbugbuster "<application>kbugbuster</application>">
572
<!ENTITY kcalc "<application>KCalc</application>">
573
<!ENTITY kcharselect "<application>KCharSelect</application>">
574
<!ENTITY kchart "<application>KChart</application>">
575
<!ENTITY kchat "<application>KChat</application>">
576
<!ENTITY kcontrol "<application>KControl</application>">
577
<!ENTITY kcron "<application>KCron</application>">
578
<!ENTITY kdat "<application>KDat</application>">
579
<!ENTITY kdebugdialog "<application>KDebugDialog</application>">
580
<!ENTITY kde-http '<ulink url="http://www.kde.org/">http://www.kde.org/</ulink>'>
581
<!ENTITY kde-ftp '<ulink url="ftp://ftp.kde.org/pub/kde/">ftp://ftp.kde.org/pub/kde/</ulink>'>
582
<!ENTITY kdepasswd "<application>kdepasswd</application>">
583
<!ENTITY kdesktop "<application>KDesktop</application>">
584
<!ENTITY kdessh "<application>kdessh</application>">
585
<!ENTITY kdesu "<application>KDE su</application>">
586
<!ENTITY kdiskfree "<application>KDiskFree</application>">
587
<!ENTITY kdict "<application>KDict</application>">
588
<!ENTITY kdm "<application>kdm</application>">
589
<!ENTITY kdvi "<application>KDVI</application>">
590
<!ENTITY kedit "<application>KEdit</application>">
591
<!ENTITY keduca "<application>KEduca</application>">
592
<!ENTITY keystone "<application>Keystone</application>">
593
<!ENTITY kfax "<application>KFax</application>">
594
<!ENTITY kfaxview "<application>Kfaxview</application>">
595
<!ENTITY kfind "<application>KFind</application>">
596
<!ENTITY kfloppy "<application>Kfloppy</application>">
597
<!ENTITY kformula "<application>KFormula</application>">
598
<!ENTITY kfouleggs "<application>KFoulEggs</application>">
599
<!ENTITY kfract "<application>KFract</application>">
600
<!ENTITY khangman "<application>KHangMan</application>">
601
<!ENTITY kgeo "<application>KGeo</application>">
602
<!ENTITY kghostview "<application>KGhostView</application>">
603
<!ENTITY khelpcenter "<application>KHelpCenter</application>">
604
<!ENTITY khexedit "<application>KHexEdit</application>">
605
<!ENTITY kicker "<application>Kicker</application>">
606
<!ENTITY kiconedit "<application>KIconEdit</application>">
607
<!ENTITY kikbd "<application>kikbd</application>">
608
<!ENTITY kit "<application>Kit</application>">
609
<!ENTITY kiten "<application>Kiten</application>">
610
<!ENTITY kivio "<application>Kivio</application>">
611
<!ENTITY kjots "<application>KJots</application>">
612
<!ENTITY kjumpingcube "<application>KJumpingCube</application>">
613
<!ENTITY klaptop "<application>KLaptop</application>">
614
<!ENTITY klatin "<application>KLatin</application>">
615
<!ENTITY klettres "<application>KLettres</application>">
616
<!ENTITY kolorlines "<application>Kolor Lines</application>">
617
<!ENTITY klipper "<application>Klipper</application>">
618
<!ENTITY kljettool "<application>KLjettool</application>">
619
<!ENTITY klpq "<application>Klpq</application>">
620
<!ENTITY klprfax "<application>Klprfax</application>">
621
<!ENTITY kmahjongg "<application>KMahjongg</application>">
622
<!ENTITY kmail "<application>KMail</application>">
623
<!ENTITY kmathtool "<application>KMathTool</application>">
624
<!ENTITY kmenuedit "<application>kmenuedit</application>">
625
<!ENTITY kmessedwords "<application>KMessedWords</application>">
626
<!ENTITY kmid "<application>KMid</application>">
627
<!ENTITY kmidi "<application>KMidi</application>">
628
<!ENTITY kmines "<application>KMines</application>">
629
<!ENTITY kmix "<application>KMix</application>">
630
<!ENTITY kmplot "<application>KmPlot</application>">
631
<!ENTITY knewsticker "<application>KNewsTicker</application>">
632
<!ENTITY knode "<application>KNode</application>">
633
<!ENTITY knotes "<application>KNotes</application>">
634
<!ENTITY knorskverbs "<application>KNorskVerbs</application>">
635
<!ENTITY kodometer "<application>KOdometer</application>">
636
<!ENTITY koffice "<application>KOffice</application>">
637
<!ENTITY kolf "<application>Kolf</application>">
638
<!ENTITY kompare "<application>Kompare</application>">
639
<!ENTITY koncd "<application>KOnCD</application>">
640
<!ENTITY konqueror "<application>Konqueror</application>">
641
<!ENTITY konquest "<application>Konquest</application>">
642
<!ENTITY konsole "<application>Konsole</application>">
643
<!ENTITY kontour "<application>Kontour</application>">
644
<!ENTITY kooka "<application>Kooka</application>">
645
<!ENTITY korganizer "<application>KOrganizer</application>">
646
<!ENTITY korn "<application>KOrn</application>">
647
<!ENTITY koshell "<application>KOShell</application>">
648
<!ENTITY kotalkd "<application>KOTalkd</application>">
649
<!ENTITY kpackage "<application>KPackage</application>">
650
<!ENTITY kpager "<application>KPager</application>">
651
<!ENTITY kpaint "<application>KPaint</application>">
652
<!ENTITY kpanel "<application>KPanel</application>">
653
<!ENTITY kpatience "<application>KPatience</application>">
654
<!ENTITY kpercentage "<application>KPercentage</application>">
655
<!ENTITY kpilot "<application>KPilot</application>">
656
<!ENTITY kpf "<application>kpf</application>">
657
<!ENTITY kpm "<application>Kpm</application>">
658
<!ENTITY kpresenter "<application>KPresenter</application>">
659
<!ENTITY kpoker "<application>KPoker</application>">
660
<!ENTITY kpovmodeler "<application>KPovModeler</application>">
661
<!ENTITY kppp "<application>KPPP</application>">
662
<!ENTITY kreatecd "<application>KreateCD</application>">
663
<!ENTITY krec "<application>KRec</application>">
664
<!ENTITY kregexpeditor "<application>KRegExpEditor</application>">
665
<!ENTITY kreversi "<application>KReversi</application>">
666
<!ENTITY krita "<application>Krita</application>">
667
<!ENTITY kruler "<application>KRuler</application>">
668
<!ENTITY ksame "<application>KSame</application>">
669
<!ENTITY kscd "<application>KsCD</application>">
670
<!ENTITY kscore "<application>KScore</application>">
671
<!ENTITY kscreensaver "<application>KScreensaver</application>">
672
<!ENTITY ksgmltools "<application>ksgmltools</application>">
673
<!ENTITY kshisen "<application>KShisen</application>">
674
<!ENTITY ksim "<application>KSim</application>">
675
<!ENTITY ksirc "<application>KSirc</application>">
676
<!ENTITY ksirtet "<application>KSirtet</application>">
677
<!ENTITY ksmiletris "<application>KSmiletris</application>">
678
<!ENTITY ksnake "<application>KSnake</application>">
679
<!ENTITY ksnapshot "<application>KSnapshot</application>">
680
<!ENTITY ksokoban "<application>KSokoban</application>">
681
<!ENTITY kspaceduel "<application>KSpaceDuel</application>">
682
<!ENTITY kspell "<application>KSpell</application>">
683
<!ENTITY kspread "<application>KSpread</application>">
684
<!ENTITY kstars "<application>KStars</application>">
685
<!ENTITY kstart "<application>kstart</application>">
686
<!ENTITY ksysctrl "<application>KSysctrl</application>">
687
<!ENTITY ksysguard "<application>KSysguard</application>">
688
<!ENTITY ksysv "<application>KSysV</application>">
689
<!ENTITY ktalk "<application>KTalk</application>">
690
<!ENTITY ktalkd "<application>KTalkd</application>">
691
<!ENTITY kteatime "<application>KTeaTime</application>">
692
<!ENTITY kthesaurus "<application>KThesaurus</application>">
693
<!ENTITY ktimemon "<application>KTimemon</application>">
694
<!ENTITY ktimer "<application>KTimer</application>">
695
<!ENTITY ktip "<application>KTip</application>">
696
<!ENTITY ktouch "<application>KTouch</application>">
697
<!ENTITY ktron "<application>KTron</application>">
698
<!ENTITY ktuberling "<application>KTuberling</application>">
699
<!ENTITY kugar "<application>Kugar</application>">
700
<!ENTITY kuickshow "<application>KuickShow</application>">
701
<!ENTITY kuser "<application>KUser</application>">
702
<!ENTITY kview "<application>KView</application>">
703
<!ENTITY kviewshell "<application>KViewshell</application>">
704
<!ENTITY kvoctrain "<application>KVocTrain</application>">
705
<!ENTITY kworldclock "<application>KWorldClock</application>">
706
<!ENTITY kword "<application>KWord</application>">
707
<!ENTITY kwin "<application>KWin</application>">
708
<!ENTITY k4wins "<application>K Four Wins</application>">
709
<!ENTITY kwrite "<application>KWrite</application>">
710
<!ENTITY kwuftpd "<application>kwuftpd</application>">
711
<!ENTITY LaserJet '<trademark class="registered">LaserJet</trademark>'>
712
<!ENTITY lisa "<application>Lisa</application>">
713
<!ENTITY Linux '<trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark>'>
714
<!ENTITY Linux-Mandrake "<trademark>Linux-Mandrake</trademark>">
715
<!ENTITY LinuxPPC "<trademark>LinuxPPC</trademark>">
716
<!ENTITY lskat "<application>Lskat</application>">
717
<!ENTITY LZW "<acronym>LZW</acronym>">
718
<!ENTITY Mac '<trademark class="registered">Mac</trademark>'>
719
<!ENTITY MacOS '<trademark class="registered">Mac</trademark> <acronym>OS</acronym>'>
720
<!ENTITY Mandrake "<trademark>Mandrake</trademark>">
721
<!ENTITY megami "<application>Megami</application>">
722
<!ENTITY Microsoft '<trademark class="registered">Microsoft</trademark>'>
723
<!ENTITY MIDI "<acronym>MIDI</acronym>">
724
<!ENTITY MIME "<acronym>MIME</acronym>">
725
<!ENTITY moonphase "<application>Moon Phase</application>">
726
<!ENTITY Motif '<trademark class="registered">Motif</trademark>'>
727
<!ENTITY MRU "<acronym>MRU</acronym>">
728
<!ENTITY MTU "<acronym>MTU</acronym>">
729
<!ENTITY MusiXTeX "<application>MusiXTeX</application>">
730
<!ENTITY Netscape '<trademark class="registered">Netscape</trademark>'>
731
<!ENTITY NeXTSTEP "<trademark>NeXTSTEP</trademark>">
732
<!ENTITY noatun "<application>Noatun</application>">
733
<!ENTITY PalmOS '<trademark class="registered">Palm OS</trademark>'>
734
<!ENTITY PalmPilot "<productname><trademark>PalmPilot</trademark></productname>">
735
<!ENTITY PMX "<application>PMX</application>">
736
<!-- acronym too? --><!ENTITY PostScript '<trademark class="registered">PostScript</trademark>'>
737
<!ENTITY PPP "<acronym>PPP</acronym>">
738
<!ENTITY quanta "<application>Quanta</application>">
739
<!ENTITY quantaplus "<application>Quanta Plus</application>">
740
<!ENTITY Qt "<trademark>Qt</trademark>">
741
<!ENTITY RedHat '<trademark class="registered">Red Hat</trademark>'>
742
<!ENTITY reslisa "<application>ResLisa</application>">
743
<!ENTITY Sendmail '<application><trademark class="registered">sendmail</trademark></application>'>
744
<!ENTITY SMTP "<acronym>SMTP</acronym>">
745
<!ENTITY SGI "<trademark>SGI</trademark>">
746
<!ENTITY Solaris "<trademark>Solaris</trademark>">
747
<!ENTITY SuSE '<acronym><trademark class="registered">SuSE</trademark></acronym>'>
748
<!ENTITY ThreeCom '<trademark class="registered">3Com</trademark>'>
749
<!ENTITY tkmidi "<application>tkmidi</application>">
750
<!ENTITY TrueType '<trademark class="registered">TrueType</trademark>'>
751
<!ENTITY UNIX '<trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark>'>
752
<!ENTITY URL "<acronym>URL</acronym>">
753
<!ENTITY URI "<acronym>URI</acronym>">
754
<!ENTITY Visor "<trademark>Visor</trademark>">
755
<!ENTITY windowmaker "<application>Window Maker</application>">
756
<!ENTITY Windows '<trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark>'>
757
<!ENTITY WordNet '<trademark class="registered">WordNet</trademark>'>
758
<!ENTITY Wordperfect '<application><trademark class="registered">WordPerfect</trademark></application>'>
759
<!ENTITY X-Server "<application>X-Server</application>">
760
<!ENTITY XEmacs "<application>XEmacs</application>">
761
<!ENTITY X-Window '<trademark class="registered">X Window System</trademark>'>
762
<!ENTITY XHTML "<trademark>XHTML</trademark>">
763
<!ENTITY XML "<trademark>XML</trademark>">
764
<!ENTITY XSL "<trademark>XSL</trademark>">
765
<!-- Defaults, do NOT add anything to this without checking with the docbook
766
team. --><!ENTITY package "This application isn't part of a KDE package">
767
<!-- Obsolete entities --><!-- Put them here; they will be removed at some stage --><!ENTITY artsbuilder "<application>aRts-builder</application>">
768
<!ENTITY kdf "<application>KDiskFree</application>">
769
<!ENTITY klaptopdaemon "<application>KLaptop</application>">
770
<!ENTITY klines "<application>Kolor Lines</application>">
771
<!ENTITY kmoon "<application>Moon Phase</application>">
772
<!ENTITY kodo "<application>KOdometer</application>">
773
<!ENTITY kpat "<application>KPatience</application>">
774
<!ENTITY kwin4 "<application>K Four Wins</application>">
775
<!ENTITY % xinclude SYSTEM "../../../libs/xinclude.mod">
776
<!ELEMENT xi:include (xi:fallback)?>
777
<!ATTLIST xi:include xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
778
<!ATTLIST xi:include href CDATA #REQUIRED>
779
<!ATTLIST xi:include parse (xml | text) "xml">
780
<!ATTLIST xi:include xpointer CDATA #IMPLIED>
781
<!ATTLIST xi:include encoding CDATA #IMPLIED>
782
<!ATTLIST xi:include accept CDATA #IMPLIED>
783
<!ATTLIST xi:include accept-charset CDATA #IMPLIED>
784
<!ATTLIST xi:include accept-language CDATA #IMPLIED>
785
<!ELEMENT xi:fallback ANY>
786
<!ATTLIST xi:fallback xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
787
<!ENTITY % local.preface.class "| xi:include">
788
<!ENTITY % local.part.class "| xi:include">
789
<!ENTITY % local.chapter.class "| xi:include">
790
<!ENTITY % local.divcomponent.mix "| xi:include">
791
<!ENTITY % local.para.char.mix "| xi:include">
792
<!ENTITY % local.info.class "| xi:include">
793
<!ENTITY % local.common.attrib "xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude'">
794
<!ENTITY language "en">
796
<article id="basic-concepts" status="complete" lang="id">
798
<title>Konsep Dasar</title>
801
<title>Kredit dan Lisensi</title>
802
<para>This document is maintained by the Ubuntu documentation team
803
(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam). For a list of contributors, see the
804
<ulink type="help" url="help:/kubuntu/contributors.html">contributors
806
<para>Dokumen ini tersedia dibawah Lisensi Creative Commons ShareAlike 2.5 (CC-BY-SA).</para>
807
<para>Anda bebas untuk mengubah, memperluas, dan memperbaiki kode sumber dokumentasi Ubuntu sesuai syarat-syarat yang ada dari lisensi ini. Semua pekerjaan turunan harus diterbitkan dibawah lisensi ini.</para>
808
<para>Dokumentasi ini didistribusikan dengan harapan bahwa dokumentasi ini akan bermanfaat, tetapi TANPA GARANSI; tanpa garansi yang termasuk dari DAGANGAN atau KECOCOKAN UNTUK TUJUAN TERTENTU SEPERTI DIGAMBARKAN DALAM PENYANGKALAN..</para>
809
<para>A copy of the license is available here: <ulink type="help" url="help:/kubuntu/ccbysa.html">Creative
810
Commons ShareAlike License</ulink>.</para>
813
<year>2004, 2005, 2006, 2007</year>
814
<holder>Canonical Ltd. dan anggota dari Proyek Dokumentasi Ubuntu</holder>
815
</copyright><copyright><year>2006.</year><holder>Andy Apdhani (imtheface@gmail.com)</holder></copyright>
817
<publishername>Proyek Dokumentasi Ubuntu</publishername>
821
<para>Bab ini mengenalkan kepada anda konsep dasar yang mungkin berguna ketika mulai menggunakan sistem Kubuntu.</para>
825
<!-- DIRECTORIES AND FILE SYSTEMS -->
826
<sect1 id="directories-file-systems" status="complete">
827
<title>Direktori dan Sistem Berkas</title>
829
<para>Di Linux dan Unix segala sesuatu adalah berkas. Direktori adalah berkas, berkas juga berkas, dan divais juga merupakan berkas. Divais sering disebut juga sebagai inode; tapi, divais tetap merupakan berkas.</para>
831
<para>Sistem file pada Linux dan Unix terorganisir dalam sebuah hirarki, struktur seperti pohon. Level sistem file yang paling tinggi adalah <filename>/</filename> atau direktori root. Semua file dan direktori yang lain berada dibawah direktori root. Sebagai contoh, <filename>/home/konqi/kubuntu.odt</filename> memperlihatkan path yang utuh atau path yang absolut, terhadap <filename>kubuntu.odt</filename> yang berada didalam direktori <filename>konqi</filename>, yang berada dibawah direktori <filename>home</filename>, yang juga berada dibawah direktori root (<filename>/</filename>).</para>
833
<para>Dibawah direktori root (<filename>/</filename>) sejumlah direktori-direktori penting bersama-sama membentuk distribusi Linux. Berikut ini adalah senarai direktori yang berada langsung dibawah direktori (<filename>/</filename>):</para>
836
<varlistentry><term><filename>/bin</filename></term>
839
Important commands, which historically have been <emphasis>bin</emphasis>ary,
840
but may also be shell scripts.
845
<varlistentry><term><filename>/boot</filename></term>
848
<emphasis>Boot</emphasis> configuration files, kernels, and other files needed
849
at <emphasis>boot</emphasis> time.
854
<varlistentry><term><filename>/dev</filename></term>
856
<para>The <emphasis>dev</emphasis>ice files.</para>
860
<varlistentry><term><filename>/etc</filename></term>
863
Configuration files, startup scripts, <emphasis>etc</emphasis>.
868
<varlistentry><term><filename>/home</filename></term>
870
<para>Direktori <emphasis>Home</emphasis> untuk pengguna lain.</para>
874
<varlistentry><term><filename>/initrd</filename></term>
876
<para>Digunakan ketika membuat sebuah <emphasis>init</emphasis>ial <emphasis>R</emphasis>AM <emphasis>D</emphasis>isk.</para>
880
<varlistentry><term><filename>/lib</filename></term>
882
<para>System <emphasis>lib</emphasis>raries.</para>
886
<varlistentry><term><filename>/lost+found</filename></term>
888
<para>Menyediakan sebuah sistem <emphasis>lost+found</emphasis> untuk file-file yang berada dibawah direktori root (<filename>/</filename>).</para>
892
<varlistentry><term><filename>/media</filename></term>
894
<para>Secara otomatis me-mount (memuat) removable <emphasis>media</emphasis> seperti CD, kamera digital, dll.</para>
898
<varlistentry><term><filename>/mnt</filename></term>
901
Manually <emphasis>m</emphasis>ou<emphasis>nt</emphasis>ed filesystems on your
907
<varlistentry><term><filename>/opt</filename></term>
911
Provides a location for <emphasis>opt</emphasis>ional (3rd party) applications
912
to be installed; these are usually statically compiled and can be used in other
913
versions or Linux distributions.
918
<varlistentry><term><filename>/proc</filename></term>
921
Special dynamic directory that maintains information about the state of the
922
system, including currently running <emphasis>proc</emphasis>esses.
927
<varlistentry><term><filename>/root</filename></term>
930
<emphasis>Root</emphasis> user's home directory, pronounced
936
<varlistentry><term><filename>/sbin</filename></term>
940
Important <emphasis>s</emphasis>ystem <emphasis>bin</emphasis>aries and scripts,
941
usually intended to be run as the root user.
946
<varlistentry><term><filename>/srv</filename></term>
949
Can contain files that are <emphasis>s</emphasis>e<emphasis>rv</emphasis>ed to
955
<varlistentry><term><filename>/sys</filename></term>
958
Similar to the /proc filesystem, but contains <emphasis>sys</emphasis>tem
959
information not related to running processes.
964
<varlistentry><term><filename>/tmp</filename></term>
966
<para>file-file <emphasis>t</emphasis>e<emphasis>mp</emphasis>orary.</para>
970
<varlistentry><term><filename>/usr</filename></term>
973
Applications and read-only files that are mostly available for all
974
<emphasis>us</emphasis>e<emphasis>r</emphasis>s to access.
979
<varlistentry><term><filename>/var</filename></term>
981
<para>file-file <emphasis>var</emphasis>iable seperti log dan database.</para>
989
<sect1 id="permissions" status="complete">
990
<title>Hak Akses</title>
992
<para>Semua berkas yang ada di sistem Linux memiliki hak akses untuk membolehkan atau mencegah orang lain untuk melihat, mengubah atau menjalankan. Pengguna tinggi "root" memiliki akses penuh terhadap berkas-berkas dalam sistem. Tiap berkas memiliki pembatasan akses, pembatasan pengguna, dan pemilik/kelompok.</para>
994
<para>Setiap berkas dilindungi oleh tiga lapis Hak Akses berikut ini, diurutkan berdasarkan tingkat kepentingan:</para>
997
<varlistentry><term>pengguna</term>
999
<para>Diizinkan untuk pengguna yang merupakan pemilik dari file tersebut.</para>
1003
<varlistentry><term>grup</term>
1005
<para>Diizinkan untuk group yang terasosiasi dengan file tersebut.</para>
1009
<varlistentry><term>lainnya</term>
1011
<para>Diizinkan untuk semua pengguna.</para>
1016
<para>Dalam setiap tiga setelan hak akses adalah hak akses sesungguhnya. Hak akses, beserta cara mereka menerapkan aturan di tiap berkas dan direktori, diuraikan dibawah ini:</para>
1019
<varlistentry><term>baca</term>
1021
<para>Hanya file atau direktori yang dapat dilihat saja.</para>
1025
<varlistentry><term>tulis</term>
1027
<para>File atau direktori yang dapat diubah atau dihapus.</para>
1031
<varlistentry><term>eksekusi</term>
1033
<para>File yang dapat dijalankan sebagai program atau direktori yang dapat dimasuki.</para>
1038
<para>Untuk melihat dan merubah perizinan dari suatu file dan direktori, pertama-tama buka <application>Konqueror</application> sebagai file manager dengan memilih <guilabel>Home Folder</guilabel> dari <guimenu>System Menu</guimenu> yang terletak disebelah ikon <application>KMenu</application> di pojok kiri bawah pada display anda. Untuk menampilkan dialog untuk merubah perizinan, klik <mousebutton>kanan</mousebutton> pada sebuah file atau direktori, kemudian pilih <guimenu>Properties</guimenu>. Perizinan dapat ditemukan dibawah tab <guilabel>Permissions</guilabel> dan dapat merubah semua level perizinan, jika anda adalah pemilik dari file tersebut.</para>
1041
<!-- ROOT AND SUDO -->
1042
<sect1 id="root-and-sudo" status="complete">
1043
<title>Root Dan Sudo</title>
1046
The root user in Linux is the user which has administrative access to your
1047
system. Normal users do not have this access for security reasons.
1048
Kubuntu does not enable the root user. Instead, administrative access is given
1049
to individual users, who may use the "sudo" application to perform
1050
administrative tasks. The first user account you created on your system during
1051
installation will, by default, have access to sudo <emphasis>s</emphasis>uper
1052
<emphasis>u</emphasis>ser <emphasis>do</emphasis>. You can restrict and enable
1053
sudo access to users with the <application>Users and Groups</application>
1054
application (review the <ulink type="help" url="help:/kubuntu/keeping-safe/">Keeping Safe</ulink> documentation for more
1058
<para>Ketika anda menjalankan aplikasi yang membutuhkan hak istimewa root, sudo akan menanyakan anda untuk memasukkan kata sandi pengguna normal anda. Ini memastikan agar aplikasi berbahaya tidak merusak sistem anda, dan berfungsi sebagai pengingat bahwa anda sedang melakukan aksi pengelolaan sistem yang membutuhkan sikap hati-hati anda!</para>
1060
<para>Untuk menggunakan sudo pada baris perintah, cukup ketik "sudo" sebelum perintah yang anda ingin jalankan. Sudo kemudian akan menanyakan kata sandi anda.</para>
1062
<para>Sudo akan mengingat password anda untuk waktu yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya (standarnya 15 menit). Fitur ini didesain untuk mengizinkan pengguna melakukan banyak tugas administratif tanpa harus menanyakan password tiap waktu.</para>
1066
Be careful when doing administrative tasks -- you could very well damage your
1071
<para>Beberapa tip lain cara menggunakan sudo:</para>
1075
<para>Untuk menggunakan terminal "root", ketik "sudo -i" pada baris perintah.</para>
1079
<para>Keseluruhan kelompok alat konfigurasi standar grafis dalam Kubuntu telah menggunakan sudo, jadi anda akan selalu dihadapkan dengan prompt password yang diperlukan menggunakan <application>kdesu</application>, yang merupakan program antarmuka grafis <application>sudo</application>.</para>
1084
For more information on the <application>sudo</application> program and the
1085
absence of a root user in Kubuntu, read the <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">sudo
1086
page</ulink> on the Ubuntu wiki.
1091
<sect2 id="run-application-root" status="complete">
1092
<title>Jalankan Program secara Manual dengan Hak Istimewa Root</title>
1094
<para>Kadangkala perlu menjalankan sebuah program dengan hak istimewa root. Hal ini mudah dilakukan dengan kotak dialog <application>Run Command</application>.</para>
1098
Be careful when doing administrative tasks -- you could very well damage your
1105
<para>Buka kotak dialog <application>Run Command</application> dengan mengetik: <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo></para>
1109
<para>Masukkan nama program yang ingin anda jalankan, <emphasis>diawali</emphasis> dengan <application>kdesu</application> dan tekan <keycap>Enter</keycap>. Contoh, untuk meluncurkan pengelola berkas <application>Konqueror</application> dengan hak akses root, ketik <screen>kdesu konqueror</screen></para>
1116
<!-- USER MANAGEMENT -->
1117
<sect1 id="user-mgmt" status="draft">
1118
<title>User Management</title>
1120
<procedure><title>Adding a user</title>
1123
Open <application>System Settings</application> by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>System
1124
Settings</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
1129
<mousebutton>Click</mousebutton> on the <guiicon>User Management</guiicon> icon.
1134
<mousebutton>Click</mousebutton> on the <guibutton>Administrator
1135
Mode...</guibutton> button. When prompted for a password, enter you user
1136
password and press the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button.
1141
<mousebutton>Click</mousebutton> on the <guibutton>New...</guibutton> button.
1146
In the <guilabel>User Account - KDE Control Module</guilabel>, enter the
1147
necessary information under the <guilabel>Details</guilabel> and
1148
<guilabel>Password & Security</guilabel> sections. When you are complete,
1149
press the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button. The following examples are provided
1150
to you for a better understanding.
1151
<example><title>New User <guilabel>Details</guilabel></title>
1154
<imagedata fileref="../../images/C/adduser_details.png" format="PNG"/>
1158
<example><title>New User <guilabel>Password & Security</guilabel></title>
1161
<imagedata fileref="../../images/C/adduser_security.png" format="PNG"/>
1169
<procedure><title>Removing a user</title>
1172
Open <application>System Settings</application> by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>System
1173
Settings</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
1178
<mousebutton>Click</mousebutton> on the <guiicon>User Management</guiicon> icon.
1183
<mousebutton>Click</mousebutton> on the <guibutton>Administrator
1184
Mode...</guibutton> button. When prompted for a password, enter you user
1185
password and press the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button.
1190
Highlight the user that you would like to delete.
1195
<mousebutton>Click</mousebutton> on the <guibutton>Delete...</guibutton> button.
1200
When prompted with the <guilabel>Delete User Account - KDE Control
1201
Module</guilabel> dialog, you have two options:
1205
<guilabel>Delete home directory (/home/username)</guilabel> - this will remove
1206
the user's home directory, therefor clearing up space on your hard drive. If
1207
there is information you would like to backup, do so before deleting this
1213
<guilabel>Delete group 'username' (1002)</guilabel> - this will remove the
1214
group that was created for the user. Note your option may look different.
1222
<procedure><title>Changing a user's password</title>
1225
Open <application>System Settings</application> by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>System
1226
Settings</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
1231
<mousebutton>Click</mousebutton> on the <guiicon>User Management</guiicon> icon.
1236
<mousebutton>Click</mousebutton> on the <guibutton>Administrator
1237
Mode...</guibutton> button. When prompted for a password, enter you user
1238
password and press the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button.
1243
Highlight the user whose password you would like to change.
1248
<mousebutton>Click</mousebutton> on the <guibutton>Modify...</guibutton> button.
1253
When prompted with the <guilabel>User Account - KDE Control Module</guilabel>,
1254
select the <guilabel>Password & Security</guilabel> tab. Type in the
1255
password you would like to change it to, as well as any of the security
1256
settings you would like. When you are complete, press the
1257
<guibutton>OK</guibutton> button.
1264
<sect1 id="terminals" status="complete">
1265
<title>Terminal</title>
1267
<para>Bekerja dengan baris perintah bukanlah tugas yang menakutkan seperti yang anda bayangkan. Tidak diperlukan pengetahuan khusus untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara menggunakan baris perintah, ini program biasa seperti program-program yang lainnya. Semua tugas di Linux dapat diselesaikan menggunakan baris perintah, meskipun sudah ada perkakas berbasis grafis untuk kebanyakan program, tapi kadangkala itu semua belum mencukupi. Disinilah baris perintah akan menolong anda.</para>
1269
<para>Terminal sering disebut command prompt atau shell. Di masa lalu, ini adalah cara pengguna untuk berinteraksi dengan komputer, namun pengguna Linux merasakan dengan menggunakan shell ia dapat mengeksekusi perintah dengan lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan cara grafis dan masih mempunyai kharisma kuat hingga saat ini. Kali ini anda akan mempelajari bagaimana menggunakan terminal.</para>
1271
<para>Kegunaan awal dari terminal adalah sebagai peramban berkas dan kenyataannya masih digunakan sebagai peramban berkas. Anda dapat menggunakan terminal sebagai peramban berkas untuk melayari berkas anda dan membatalkan perubahan yang telah dibuat.</para>
1273
<sect2 id="starting-konsole" status="complete">
1274
<title>Menjalankan Terminal</title>
1277
The <application>Konsole</application> can be started by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Konsole - Terminal Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
1281
<sect2 id="common-commands" status="complete">
1282
<title>Perintah Yang Sering Digunakan</title>
1285
<varlistentry><term>Lihat Direktori: -ls</term>
1288
The <application>ls</application> (LiSt) lists files in different colors with
1289
full formatted text.
1294
<varlistentry><term>Membuat Direktori: - mkdir (nama direktori)</term>
1296
<para>Perintah <application>mkdir</application> (MaKeDIRectory) akan membuat sebuah direktori.</para>
1300
<varlistentry><term>Pindah Direktori: - cd (/direktori/lokasi)</term>
1302
<para>Perintah <application>cd</application> (ChangeDirectory) akan mengubah lokasi dari direktori anda sekarang ke direktori yang anda tentukan.</para>
1306
<varlistentry><term>Salin Berkas/Direktori: - cp (nama berkas atau direktori) (ke direktori atau nama berkas)</term>
1308
<para>Perintah <application>cp</application> (CoPy) akan menyalin setiap berkas yang anda tentukan. Perintah <application>cp -r</application> akan menyalin setiap direktori yang anda tentukan.</para>
1312
<varlistentry><term>Hapus Berkas/Direktori: - rm (nama berkas atau direktori)</term>
1314
<para>Perintah <application>rm</application> (ReMove) akan menghapus berkas apapun yang telah anda tentukan sebelumnya. Perintah <application>rm -r</application> akan menghapus direktori apapun yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya, termasuk semua isinya.</para>
1318
<varlistentry><term>Ganti Nama/Pindahkan Berkas/Direktori: - mv (nama berkas atau direktori)</term>
1320
<para>Perintah <application>mv</application> (MoVe) akan mengganti nama/memindahkan setiap berkas atau direktori yang anda tentukan.</para>
1324
<varlistentry><term>Cari Berkas/Direktori: - locate (nama berkas atau direktori)</term>
1326
<para>Perintah <application>locate</application> akan mencari di komputer anda untuk setiap nama berkas yang anda tentukan. Ia menggunakan indeks berkas dalam sistem anda untuk bekerja secara cepat: untuk memutakhirkan indeks ini jalankan perintah <application>updatedb</application>. Perintah ini berjalan otomatis setiap hari, jika anda meninggalkan komputer anda dalam keadaan hidup. Harus dijalankan dengan hak istimewa pengelolaan (lihat <xref linkend="root-and-sudo"/>).</para>
1331
<para>Anda juga dapat menggunakan wildcard untuk mencocokkan satu atau lebih berkas, seperti "*" (untuk semua berkas) atau "?" (untuk mencocokkan satu karakter).</para>
1334
<sect2 id="switch-to-console" status="complete">
1335
<title>Pindah ke mode Konsol</title>
1338
The usual method of command-line access in Kubuntu is to start a terminal (see
1339
<xref linkend="starting-konsole"/> above), however sometimes it is useful to
1340
switch to the real console:
1345
<para>Gunakan tombol jalur pintas <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo> untuk pindah ke konsol pertama.</para>
1349
<para>Untuk kembali ke mode Desktop, gunakan tombol jalur pintas <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F7</keycap></keycombo>.</para>
1354
<para>Ada enam konsol yang tersedia. Tiap konsol dapat diakses dengan tombol jalur pintas <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo> hingga <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F6</keycap></keycombo>.</para>
1358
<sect2 id="disable-terminal-beep" status="complete">
1359
<title>Menonaktifkan suara tit pada mode Terminal</title>
1364
Start a <application>Konsole</application> session, select by going to
1365
<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Konsole - Terminal Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
1373
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
1374
<guisubmenu>Bell</guisubmenu>
1375
<guimenuitem>None</guimenuitem>
1377
to disable the system bell.
1384
<!-- RESTART X SERVER -->
1385
<sect1 id="restart-x" status="draft">
1386
<title>Restart Kubuntu without rebooting</title>
1389
To restart Kubuntu, or the <productname>X Window System</productname>, simply
1391
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Backspace</keycap>
1392
</keycombo>. This will take you to a blank screen momentarily and then bring
1393
you back to the login screen (<acronym>KDM</acronym>).
1397
<!-- TEXT EDITING -->
1398
<sect1 id="text-editing" status="complete">
1399
<title>Penyuntingan Teks</title>
1402
All of the configurations and settings in Linux are saved in text files. Even
1403
though you most often can edit configurations through the graphical interface,
1404
you may occasionally have to edit them by hand. <application>Kate</application>
1405
is the default Kubuntu text editor, which can be launched by going to
1406
<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
1407
<guimenuitem>Kate - Advanced Text Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
1410
<para>Ada waktunya dalam panduan ini, <application>Kate</application> dijalankan melalui baris perintah dengan menggunakan <application>kdesu</application>, karena kebanyakan berkas konfigurasi membutuhkan hak akses root untuk mengubahnya. Sangat dianjurkan anda juga menjalankan <application>kdesu</application> dari baris perintah seperti ditunjukkan dalam panduan ini.</para>
1412
<para>Jika anda ingin menggunakan penyunting teks dari baris perintah, anda dapat menggunakan <application>nano</application>, editor teks yang mudah dipakai. Saat menjalankannya dari baris perintah, selalu gunakan perintah berikut, untuk memastikan editor tidak memasukkan jeda baris:<screen>nano -w</screen></para>
1414
<para>Untuk informasi lebih lanjut tentang bagai mana menggunakan <application>nano</application>, lihat <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NanoHowto">panduan yang ada di wiki</ulink>.</para>
1416
<para>Ada juga beberapa penyunting berbasis terminal yang tersedia di Kubuntu, yang populer meliputi <application>VIM</application> dan <application>Emacs</application>. Aplikasi ini lebih rumit untuk digunakan bila dibandingkan <application>nano</application>, tetapi juga lebih dashyat.</para>