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* This file is subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public
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* License. See the file "COPYING" in the main directory of this archive
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* Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
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* Copyright (C) 1995 Waldorf Electronics
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* Copyright (C) 1994, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 01, 02, 03 Ralf Baechle
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* Copyright (C) 1996 Stoned Elipot
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* Copyright (C) 1999 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
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* Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007 Maciej W. Rozycki
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#include <linux/init.h>
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#include <linux/ioport.h>
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#include <linux/export.h>
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#include <linux/screen_info.h>
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#include <linux/bootmem.h>
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#include <linux/initrd.h>
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#include <linux/root_dev.h>
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#include <linux/highmem.h>
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#include <linux/console.h>
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#include <linux/pfn.h>
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#include <linux/debugfs.h>
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#include <asm/addrspace.h>
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#include <asm/bootinfo.h>
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#include <asm/cache.h>
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#include <asm/sections.h>
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#include <asm/setup.h>
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#include <asm/smp-ops.h>
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#include <asm/system.h>
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struct cpuinfo_mips cpu_data[NR_CPUS] __read_mostly;
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(cpu_data);
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struct screen_info screen_info;
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* Despite it's name this variable is even if we don't have PCI
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unsigned int PCI_DMA_BUS_IS_PHYS;
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(PCI_DMA_BUS_IS_PHYS);
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* These are initialized so they are in the .data section
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unsigned long mips_machtype __read_mostly = MACH_UNKNOWN;
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(mips_machtype);
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struct boot_mem_map boot_mem_map;
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static char __initdata command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
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char __initdata arcs_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
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#ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
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static char __initdata builtin_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] = CONFIG_CMDLINE;
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* mips_io_port_base is the begin of the address space to which x86 style
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* I/O ports are mapped.
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const unsigned long mips_io_port_base = -1;
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(mips_io_port_base);
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static struct resource code_resource = { .name = "Kernel code", };
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static struct resource data_resource = { .name = "Kernel data", };
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void __init add_memory_region(phys_t start, phys_t size, long type)
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int x = boot_mem_map.nr_map;
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struct boot_mem_map_entry *prev = boot_mem_map.map + x - 1;
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if (start + size < start) {
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pr_warning("Trying to add an invalid memory region, skipped\n");
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* Try to merge with previous entry if any. This is far less than
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* perfect but is sufficient for most real world cases.
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if (x && prev->addr + prev->size == start && prev->type == type) {
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if (x == BOOT_MEM_MAP_MAX) {
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pr_err("Ooops! Too many entries in the memory map!\n");
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boot_mem_map.map[x].addr = start;
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boot_mem_map.map[x].size = size;
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boot_mem_map.map[x].type = type;
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boot_mem_map.nr_map++;
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static void __init print_memory_map(void)
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const int field = 2 * sizeof(unsigned long);
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for (i = 0; i < boot_mem_map.nr_map; i++) {
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printk(KERN_INFO " memory: %0*Lx @ %0*Lx ",
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field, (unsigned long long) boot_mem_map.map[i].size,
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field, (unsigned long long) boot_mem_map.map[i].addr);
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switch (boot_mem_map.map[i].type) {
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printk(KERN_CONT "(usable)\n");
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case BOOT_MEM_ROM_DATA:
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printk(KERN_CONT "(ROM data)\n");
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case BOOT_MEM_RESERVED:
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printk(KERN_CONT "(reserved)\n");
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printk(KERN_CONT "type %lu\n", boot_mem_map.map[i].type);
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#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
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static int __init rd_start_early(char *p)
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unsigned long start = memparse(p, &p);
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/* Guess if the sign extension was forgotten by bootloader */
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initrd_start = start;
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early_param("rd_start", rd_start_early);
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static int __init rd_size_early(char *p)
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initrd_end += memparse(p, &p);
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early_param("rd_size", rd_size_early);
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/* it returns the next free pfn after initrd */
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static unsigned long __init init_initrd(void)
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* Board specific code or command line parser should have
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* already set up initrd_start and initrd_end. In these cases
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* perfom sanity checks and use them if all looks good.
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if (!initrd_start || initrd_end <= initrd_start)
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if (initrd_start & ~PAGE_MASK) {
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pr_err("initrd start must be page aligned\n");
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if (initrd_start < PAGE_OFFSET) {
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pr_err("initrd start < PAGE_OFFSET\n");
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* Sanitize initrd addresses. For example firmware
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* can't guess if they need to pass them through
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* 64-bits values if the kernel has been built in pure
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* 32-bit. We need also to switch from KSEG0 to XKPHYS
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* addresses now, so the code can now safely use __pa().
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end = __pa(initrd_end);
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initrd_end = (unsigned long)__va(end);
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initrd_start = (unsigned long)__va(__pa(initrd_start));
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ROOT_DEV = Root_RAM0;
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static void __init finalize_initrd(void)
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unsigned long size = initrd_end - initrd_start;
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printk(KERN_INFO "Initrd not found or empty");
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if (__pa(initrd_end) > PFN_PHYS(max_low_pfn)) {
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printk(KERN_ERR "Initrd extends beyond end of memory");
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reserve_bootmem(__pa(initrd_start), size, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
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initrd_below_start_ok = 1;
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pr_info("Initial ramdisk at: 0x%lx (%lu bytes)\n",
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printk(KERN_CONT " - disabling initrd\n");
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#else /* !CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD */
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static unsigned long __init init_initrd(void)
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#define finalize_initrd() do {} while (0)
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* Initialize the bootmem allocator. It also setup initrd related data
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#ifdef CONFIG_SGI_IP27
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static void __init bootmem_init(void)
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#else /* !CONFIG_SGI_IP27 */
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static void __init bootmem_init(void)
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unsigned long reserved_end;
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unsigned long mapstart = ~0UL;
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unsigned long bootmap_size;
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* Init any data related to initrd. It's a nop if INITRD is
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* not selected. Once that done we can determine the low bound
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reserved_end = max(init_initrd(),
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(unsigned long) PFN_UP(__pa_symbol(&_end)));
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* max_low_pfn is not a number of pages. The number of pages
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* of the system is given by 'max_low_pfn - min_low_pfn'.
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* Find the highest page frame number we have available.
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for (i = 0; i < boot_mem_map.nr_map; i++) {
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unsigned long start, end;
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if (boot_mem_map.map[i].type != BOOT_MEM_RAM)
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start = PFN_UP(boot_mem_map.map[i].addr);
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end = PFN_DOWN(boot_mem_map.map[i].addr
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+ boot_mem_map.map[i].size);
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if (end > max_low_pfn)
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if (start < min_low_pfn)
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if (end <= reserved_end)
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if (start >= mapstart)
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mapstart = max(reserved_end, start);
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if (min_low_pfn >= max_low_pfn)
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panic("Incorrect memory mapping !!!");
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if (min_low_pfn > ARCH_PFN_OFFSET) {
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pr_info("Wasting %lu bytes for tracking %lu unused pages\n",
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(min_low_pfn - ARCH_PFN_OFFSET) * sizeof(struct page),
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min_low_pfn - ARCH_PFN_OFFSET);
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} else if (min_low_pfn < ARCH_PFN_OFFSET) {
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pr_info("%lu free pages won't be used\n",
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ARCH_PFN_OFFSET - min_low_pfn);
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min_low_pfn = ARCH_PFN_OFFSET;
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* Determine low and high memory ranges
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max_pfn = max_low_pfn;
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if (max_low_pfn > PFN_DOWN(HIGHMEM_START)) {
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#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
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highstart_pfn = PFN_DOWN(HIGHMEM_START);
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highend_pfn = max_low_pfn;
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max_low_pfn = PFN_DOWN(HIGHMEM_START);
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* Initialize the boot-time allocator with low memory only.
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bootmap_size = init_bootmem_node(NODE_DATA(0), mapstart,
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min_low_pfn, max_low_pfn);
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for (i = 0; i < boot_mem_map.nr_map; i++) {
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unsigned long start, end;
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start = PFN_UP(boot_mem_map.map[i].addr);
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end = PFN_DOWN(boot_mem_map.map[i].addr
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+ boot_mem_map.map[i].size);
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if (start <= min_low_pfn)
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#ifndef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
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if (end > max_low_pfn)
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* ... finally, is the area going away?
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add_active_range(0, start, end);
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* Register fully available low RAM pages with the bootmem allocator.
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for (i = 0; i < boot_mem_map.nr_map; i++) {
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unsigned long start, end, size;
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* Reserve usable memory.
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if (boot_mem_map.map[i].type != BOOT_MEM_RAM)
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start = PFN_UP(boot_mem_map.map[i].addr);
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end = PFN_DOWN(boot_mem_map.map[i].addr
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+ boot_mem_map.map[i].size);
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* We are rounding up the start address of usable memory
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* and at the end of the usable range downwards.
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if (start >= max_low_pfn)
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if (start < reserved_end)
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start = reserved_end;
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if (end > max_low_pfn)
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* ... finally, is the area going away?
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/* Register lowmem ranges */
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free_bootmem(PFN_PHYS(start), size << PAGE_SHIFT);
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memory_present(0, start, end);
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* Reserve the bootmap memory.
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reserve_bootmem(PFN_PHYS(mapstart), bootmap_size, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
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* Reserve initrd memory if needed.
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#endif /* CONFIG_SGI_IP27 */
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* arch_mem_init - initialize memory management subsystem
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* o plat_mem_setup() detects the memory configuration and will record detected
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* memory areas using add_memory_region.
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* At this stage the memory configuration of the system is known to the
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* kernel but generic memory management system is still entirely uninitialized.
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* At this stage the bootmem allocator is ready to use.
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* NOTE: historically plat_mem_setup did the entire platform initialization.
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* This was rather impractical because it meant plat_mem_setup had to
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* get away without any kind of memory allocator. To keep old code from
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* breaking plat_setup was just renamed to plat_setup and a second platform
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* initialization hook for anything else was introduced.
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static int usermem __initdata;
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static int __init early_parse_mem(char *p)
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unsigned long start, size;
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* If a user specifies memory size, we
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* blow away any automatically generated
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boot_mem_map.nr_map = 0;
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size = memparse(p, &p);
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start = memparse(p + 1, &p);
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add_memory_region(start, size, BOOT_MEM_RAM);
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early_param("mem", early_parse_mem);
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static void __init arch_mem_init(char **cmdline_p)
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extern void plat_mem_setup(void);
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/* call board setup routine */
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pr_info("Determined physical RAM map:\n");
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#ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
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#ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_OVERRIDE
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strlcpy(boot_command_line, builtin_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
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if (builtin_cmdline[0]) {
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strlcat(arcs_cmdline, " ", COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
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strlcat(arcs_cmdline, builtin_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
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strlcpy(boot_command_line, arcs_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
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strlcpy(boot_command_line, arcs_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
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strlcpy(command_line, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
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*cmdline_p = command_line;
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pr_info("User-defined physical RAM map:\n");
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plat_swiotlb_setup();
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static void __init resource_init(void)
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if (UNCAC_BASE != IO_BASE)
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code_resource.start = __pa_symbol(&_text);
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code_resource.end = __pa_symbol(&_etext) - 1;
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data_resource.start = __pa_symbol(&_etext);
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data_resource.end = __pa_symbol(&_edata) - 1;
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* Request address space for all standard RAM.
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for (i = 0; i < boot_mem_map.nr_map; i++) {
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struct resource *res;
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unsigned long start, end;
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start = boot_mem_map.map[i].addr;
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end = boot_mem_map.map[i].addr + boot_mem_map.map[i].size - 1;
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if (start >= HIGHMEM_START)
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if (end >= HIGHMEM_START)
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end = HIGHMEM_START - 1;
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res = alloc_bootmem(sizeof(struct resource));
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switch (boot_mem_map.map[i].type) {
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case BOOT_MEM_ROM_DATA:
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res->name = "System RAM";
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case BOOT_MEM_RESERVED:
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res->name = "reserved";
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res->flags = IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
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request_resource(&iomem_resource, res);
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* We don't know which RAM region contains kernel data,
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* so we try it repeatedly and let the resource manager
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request_resource(res, &code_resource);
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request_resource(res, &data_resource);
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void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
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#ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK
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setup_early_printk();
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#if defined(CONFIG_VT)
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#if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE)
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conswitchp = &vga_con;
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#elif defined(CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE)
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conswitchp = &dummy_con;
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arch_mem_init(cmdline_p);
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unsigned long kernelsp[NR_CPUS];
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unsigned long fw_arg0, fw_arg1, fw_arg2, fw_arg3;
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#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
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struct dentry *mips_debugfs_dir;
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static int __init debugfs_mips(void)
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d = debugfs_create_dir("mips", NULL);
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mips_debugfs_dir = d;
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arch_initcall(debugfs_mips);