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<!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../../libs/global.ent">
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<!-- NAMES --><!ENTITY canonical-name "Canonical Ltd.">
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<!ENTITY project-name "Ubuntu Documentation Project">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>">
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<!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY distro-version "Hardy Heron">
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<!ENTITY distro-rev "8.04">
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<!ENTITY distro-release-date "April 2008">
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<!ENTITY distro-short-codename "hardy">
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<!ENTITY linux-kernel-version "2.6.24">
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<!ENTITY gcc-version "4.2.3">
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<!ENTITY glibc-version "2.7">
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<!ENTITY python-version "2.5.2">
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<!-- AUTHORS --><!ENTITY author-ubuntu-documentation-project SYSTEM "../common/authors/ubuntu-documentation-project.xml">
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<!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM "../common/C/glossary.xml">
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<!-- LEGAL URLs --><!ENTITY gpl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc "http://creativecommons.org/">
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<!ENTITY cc-attrib '<ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-fulldeed-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode/">
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<!ENTITY fdl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en">
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<!-- CANONICAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY canonical-url "http://www.canonical.com">
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<!-- OTHER UBUNTU RELATED RESOURCES --><!ENTITY upstart-url "http://upstart.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU IRC INFORMATION --><!ENTITY irc-network "Freenode">
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<!ENTITY irc-server "irc.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #ubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #xubuntu">
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<!ENTITY edubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #edubuntu">
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<!-- UBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY ubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-dpkgfile "ubuntu5.10.tar">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-web "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-main "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-download "http://www.ubuntu.com/download">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-forums "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-components "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-wiki "http://wiki.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-bugzilla "https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-bugs "https://launchpad.net/products/ubuntu-doc/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-support "http://www.ubuntu.com/support">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-paidsupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/paid">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-freesupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/free">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-comments "http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=21787">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation "http://help.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation-repos "https://docteam.ubuntu.com/repos/trunk">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-team "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-list "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-doc">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-shipit "http://shipit.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-launchpad "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-rosetta "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com/rosetta">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-planet "http://planet.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-philosophy "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-participate "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-marketplace "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/marketplace">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-hwdb "http://hwdb.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU WIKI RESOURCES --><!ENTITY wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY restricted-formats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RestrictedFormats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-XChatHowto "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/XChatHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RootSudo "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">
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<!ENTITY wiki-HowToGetHelp "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToGetHelp">
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<!ENTITY transcode "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DVDRippingandEncoding">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Wine "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wine">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Cedega "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Cedega">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Nano "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NanoHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-locoteams "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeamList">
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<!ENTITY wiki-BasicCommands "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BasicCommands">
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<!ENTITY wiki-filepermissions "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions">
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<!-- KUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY kubuntu-web "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-main "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-download "http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com/edgy/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-cdpackages-nodefault "http://people.ubuntu.com/~cjwatson/seeds/kubuntu-edgy/ship">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-users "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-devel "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-devel/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-mirrors "http://distrowatch.com/kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-forums "http://kubuntuforums.net">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki "https://wiki.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-documentation-site "http://www.kubuntu.org/documentation.php">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-support "http://www.kubuntu.org/support.php">
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<!-- XUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY xubuntu-web "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-main "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-web-help "http://www.xubuntu.org/help">
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<!-- DEBIAN RESOURCES --><!ENTITY debian-apt "http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">
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<!-- EXTERNAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY linmodem "http://www.linmodems.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnome "http://www.gnome.org/">
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<!ENTITY linuxorg "http://www.linux.org/">
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<!ENTITY ooo "http://www.openoffice.org/">
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<!ENTITY kde "http://www.kde.org/">
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<!ENTITY lugww "http://lugww.counter.li.org/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-watch "http://distrowatch.com/ubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY realplayer-download "http://www.real.com/linux/">
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<!ENTITY nvu-download "http://www.nvu.com/download.html">
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<!ENTITY sunjava-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY xorg "http://www.x.org">
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<!ENTITY dyndns "http://www.dyndns.org">
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<!ENTITY shoutcast "http://www.shoutcast.com/">
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<!ENTITY freedomtoaster "http://www.freedomtoaster.org/">
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<!ENTITY xfce "http://www.xfce.org/">
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<!-- ubuntu-screenshots TODO --><!ENTITY kubuntu-screenshots "http://shots.osdir.com/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla "http://www.mozilla.org/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla-firefox "http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">
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<!ENTITY gnu "http://www.gnu.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnu-philosophy "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">
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<!ENTITY win4lin "http://www.win4lin.com">
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<!ENTITY codeweavers "http://www.codeweavers.com">
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<!ENTITY kernel "http://www.kernel.org">
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<!ENTITY google "http://www.google.com">
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<!ENTITY kdelook " http://www.kde-look.org">
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<!ENTITY lulu-store "http://www.lulu.com/ubuntu-doc">
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<!-- this entity controls the url for addons--><!ENTITY java-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY skype-deb "skype_1.2.0.17-1_i386.deb">
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<!ENTITY skype-download "http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-gz "scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-url "http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/packages/scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY ext2fs-url "http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html">
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<!ENTITY mvb-tar "mvb_1.6.tgz">
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<!ENTITY mvb-url "http://www.xscd.com/pub/mvb/&mvb-tar;">
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<!-- TLDP --><!ENTITY ldp-pre-install-check "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Pre-Installation-Checklist/">
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<!-- LANGUAGES (sorted by two letter code)--><!ENTITY Afar "aa">
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<!ENTITY Abkhazian "ab">
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<!ENTITY Afrikaans "af">
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<!ENTITY Amharic "af">
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<!ENTITY Arabic "ar">
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<!ENTITY Assamese "as">
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<!ENTITY Aymara "ay">
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<!ENTITY Azerbaijani "az">
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<!ENTITY Bashkir "ba">
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<!ENTITY Byelorussian "be">
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<!ENTITY Bulgarian "bg">
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<!ENTITY Bihari "bh">
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<!ENTITY Bislama "bi">
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<!ENTITY Bangla "bn">
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<!ENTITY Bengali "bn">
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<!ENTITY Tibetan "bo">
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<!ENTITY Breton "br">
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<!ENTITY Catalan "ca">
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<!ENTITY Corsican "co">
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<!ENTITY Danish "da">
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<!ENTITY German "de">
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<!ENTITY Bhutani "dz">
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<!-- <!ENTITY EnglishAmerican 'en'> --><!ENTITY EnglishAmerican "C">
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<!ENTITY Esperanto "eo">
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<!ENTITY Spanish "es">
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<!ENTITY Estonian "et">
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<!ENTITY Basque "eu">
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<!ENTITY Persian "fa">
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<!ENTITY Finnish "fi">
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<!ENTITY Faeroese "fo">
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<!ENTITY French "fr">
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<!ENTITY Frisian "fy">
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<!ENTITY Gaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY ScotsGaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY Galician "gl">
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<!ENTITY Guarani "gn">
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<!ENTITY Gujarati "gu">
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<!ENTITY Croatian "hr">
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<!ENTITY Hungarian "hu">
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<!ENTITY Armenian "hy">
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<!ENTITY Interlingua "ia">
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<!ENTITY Interlingue "ie">
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<!ENTITY Inupiak "ik">
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<!ENTITY Indonesian "in">
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<!ENTITY Icelandic "is">
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<!ENTITY Italian "it">
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<!ENTITY Hebrew "iw">
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<!ENTITY Japanese "ja">
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<!ENTITY Yiddish "ji">
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<!ENTITY Javanese "jw">
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<!ENTITY Georgian "ka">
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<!ENTITY Kazakh "kk">
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<!ENTITY Greenlandic "kl">
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<!ENTITY Cambodian "km">
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<!ENTITY Kannada "kn">
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<!ENTITY Korean "ko">
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<!ENTITY Kashmiri "ks">
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<!ENTITY Kurdish "ku">
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<!ENTITY Kirghiz "ky">
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<!ENTITY Lingala "ln">
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<!ENTITY Laothian "lo">
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<!ENTITY Lithuanian "lt">
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<!ENTITY Latvian "lv">
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<!ENTITY Lettish "lv">
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<!ENTITY Malagasy "mg">
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<!ENTITY Macedonian "mk">
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<!ENTITY Malayalam "ml">
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<!ENTITY Mongolian "mn">
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<!ENTITY Moldavian "mo">
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<!ENTITY Marathi "mr">
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<!ENTITY Maltese "mt">
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<!ENTITY Burmese "my">
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<!ENTITY Nepali "ne">
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<!ENTITY Norwegian "no">
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<!ENTITY Occitan "oc">
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<!ENTITY Punjabi "pa">
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<!ENTITY Polish "pl">
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<!ENTITY Pushto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Pashto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Portuguese "pt">
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<!ENTITY Quechua "qu">
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<!ENTITY Rhaeto-Romance "rm">
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<!ENTITY Kirundi "rn">
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<!ENTITY Romanian "ro">
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<!ENTITY Russian "ru">
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<!ENTITY Kinyarwanda "rw">
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<!ENTITY Sanskrit "sa">
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<!ENTITY Sindhi "sd">
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<!ENTITY Sangro "sg">
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<!ENTITY Serbo-Croatian "sh">
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<!ENTITY Singhalese "si">
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<!ENTITY Slovak "sk">
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<!ENTITY Slovenian "sl">
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<!ENTITY Samoan "sm">
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<!ENTITY Somali "so">
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<!ENTITY Albanian "sq">
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<!ENTITY Serbian "sr">
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<!ENTITY Siswati "ss">
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<!ENTITY Sesotho "st">
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<!ENTITY Sudanese "su">
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<!ENTITY Swedish "sv">
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<!ENTITY Swahili "sw">
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<!ENTITY Tegulu "te">
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<!ENTITY Tigrinya "ti">
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<!ENTITY Turkmen "tk">
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<!ENTITY Tagalog "tl">
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<!ENTITY Setswana "tn">
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<!ENTITY Turkish "tr">
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<!ENTITY Tsonga "ts">
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<!ENTITY Ukrainian "uk">
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<!ENTITY Vietnamese "vi">
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<!ENTITY Volapuk "vo">
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<!ENTITY Yoruba "yo">
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<!ENTITY Chinese "zh">
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<!ENTITY % cdo-C SYSTEM "../../../libs/cdo-C.ent">
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<!-- COMMON DOC OBJECTS --><!ENTITY copyright SYSTEM "../common/C/copyright.xml">
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<!ENTITY conventions SYSTEM "../common/C/conventions.xml">
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<!ENTITY feedback SYSTEM "../common/C/feedback.xml">
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<!ENTITY publisher SYSTEM "../common/C/publisher.xml">
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<!ENTITY disclaimer SYSTEM "../common/C/disclaimer.xml">
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<!ENTITY inline-ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/inlinemediaobject-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY inline-ubuntu-icon-header SYSTEM "../common/C/inlinemediaobject-ubuntu-icon-header.xml">
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<!ENTITY relative-ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/mediaobject-relative-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-icon SYSTEM "../common/C/mediaobject-ubuntu-icon.xml">
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<!ENTITY gpl SYSTEM "../common/C/gpl.xml">
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<!ENTITY fdl SYSTEM "../common/C/fdl.xml">
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<!ENTITY cc-by-sa SYSTEM "../common/C/ccbysa.xml">
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<!ENTITY licenses SYSTEM "../common/C/licenses.xml">
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<!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../common/C/legalnotice.xml">
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<!ENTITY klegalnotice SYSTEM "../kubuntu/libs/legalnotice.xml">
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<!ENTITY % kde-menus-C SYSTEM "../../libs/kde-menus-C.ent">
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<!-- KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS AT THE VERY END --><!-- KDE MENU Entries --><!ENTITY menuar "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>Add/Remove Programs</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuadept "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Adept Manager - Manage Packages</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuakregator "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Akregator - RSS Feed Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuamarok "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Amarok Audio -Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuark "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Ark - Archiving Tool</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuaudacity "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Audacity</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menublender "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Blender</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menubluechat "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Bluetooth Chat</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menublueobex "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Bluetooth OBEX Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menudevhelp "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Devhelp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menudigikam "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>digiKam - Photo Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menueclipse "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Eclipse</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuff "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Firefox Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menufind "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>Find
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Files/Folders</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugambas "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Gambas</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugimp "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Gimp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugwenview "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Gwenview - Image Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuhelp "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>Help</guimenuitem></menuchoice
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<!ENTITY menuinkscape "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Inkscape</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuk3b "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu>
316
<guimenuitem>K3b - CD & DVD Burning</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
317
<!ENTITY menukaffeine "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu>
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<guimenuitem>Kaffeine - Media Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
319
<!ENTITY menukaramba "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
320
<guimenuitem>SuperKaramba</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
321
<!ENTITY menukarm "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
322
<guimenuitem>KArm Personal Time Tracker</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
323
<!ENTITY menukatapult "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
324
<guimenuitem>Katapult - KDE launcher</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
325
<!ENTITY menukate "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
326
<guimenuitem>Kate - Advanced Text Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
327
<!ENTITY menuaudiocreator "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu>
328
<guimenuitem>KAudioCreator - CD Ripper</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
329
<!ENTITY menukcron "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem
330
>KCron - Task Scheduler</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
331
<!ENTITY menugwwiz "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KDE Groupware Wizard</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
332
<!ENTITY menukdevelop "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>
333
<guimenuitem>KDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
334
<!ENTITY menukeep "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem
335
>Keep Backup System</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
336
<!ENTITY menukexi "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Kexi - Database Creator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
337
<!ENTITY menukinfoctr "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KInfoCenter - Info Center</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
338
<!ENTITY menukino "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu>
339
<guimenuitem>Kino</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
340
<!ENTITY menukivio "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu>
341
<guimenuitem>Kivio (Flowchart & Diagram
342
Editing)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
343
<!ENTITY menukjobview "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
344
<guimenuitem>KJobViewer - Print Jobs</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
345
<!ENTITY menukmag "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
346
<guimenuitem>KMag - Screen Magnifier</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
347
<!ENTITY menukmix "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu>
348
<guimenuitem>KMix - Sound Mixer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
349
<!ENTITY menukmouse "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
350
<guimenuitem>KMouseTool - Automatic Mouse Click</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
351
<!ENTITY menukmymoney "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu>
352
<guimenuitem>KMyMoney2</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
353
<!ENTITY menuknetmgr "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>
354
<guimenuitem>KNetworkManager - Network Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
355
<!ENTITY menuknotes "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
356
<guimenuitem>KNotes - Popup Notes</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
357
<!ENTITY menukonqi "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>
358
<guimenuitem>Konqueror - Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
359
<!ENTITY menukonsole "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem
360
>Konsole - Terminal Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
361
<!ENTITY menukontact "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Kontact - Personal Information Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
362
<!ENTITY menukonv "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Konversation - IRC Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
363
<!ENTITY menukooka "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Kooka - Scan & OCR Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
364
<!ENTITY menukopete "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Kopete - Instant Messager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
365
<!ENTITY menukpdf "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KPDF - PDF Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
366
<!ENTITY menukppp "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KPPP - Internet Dial-Up Tool</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
367
<!ENTITY menukrdc "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Krdc - Remote Desktop Connection</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
368
<!ENTITY menukrfb "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Krfb - Desktop Sharing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
369
<!ENTITY menukrita "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Krita - Painting and Image Editing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
370
<!ENTITY menukscd "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KSCD - CD Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
371
<!ENTITY menuksnap "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KSnapshot - Screen Capture Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
372
<!ENTITY menuksysgd "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KSysGuard - Performance Monitor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
373
<!ENTITY menuksyslog "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KSystemLog - System Logs Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
374
<!ENTITY menuktorrent "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KTorrent - BitTorrent Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
375
<!ENTITY menukubdb "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Kubuntu Device Database</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
376
<!ENTITY menulock "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>Lock Session</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
377
<!ENTITY menulogout "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>Log Out...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
378
<!ENTITY menumonodev "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>
379
<guimenuitem>MonoDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
380
<!ENTITY menumonodoc "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>
381
<guimenuitem>MonoDoc</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
382
<!ENTITY menuqt4designer "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>
383
<guimenuitem>Qt4 Designer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
384
<!ENTITY menuqtparted "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu>
385
<guimenuitem>QtParted</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
386
<!ENTITY menurun "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>Run
387
Command...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
388
<!ENTITY menuscribus "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu>
389
<guimenuitem>Scribus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
390
<!ENTITY menuskim "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
391
<guimenuitem>Skim - Input method platform</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
392
<!ENTITY menuspcrnch "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>
393
<guimenuitem>SpeedCrunch - Calculator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
394
<!ENTITY menusud "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Switch
395
User</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>username: default (:0,
396
vt7)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
397
<!ENTITY menusul "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Switch User</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Lock Current & Start New Session</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
398
<!ENTITY menusun "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Switch
399
User</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Start New Session</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
400
<!ENTITY menusysset "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>System
401
Settings</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
402
<!ENTITY menuwifi "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>
403
<guimenuitem>Wireless Assistant Wireless LAN
404
Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
405
<!ENTITY menukbandmouse "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>System
406
Settings</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Keyboard &
407
Mouse</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
408
<!ENTITY menufax "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu><guisubmenuitem>Fax Address Utility</guisubmenuitem></menuchoice>">
409
<!-- OPEN OFFICE --><!ENTITY menuooimpress "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu>
410
<guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Impress - Presentation</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
411
<!ENTITY menuoocalc "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu>
412
<guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Calc - Spreadsheet</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
413
<!ENTITY menuoowriter "<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu>
414
<guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Writer - Word Processor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
415
<!-- KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS --><!ENTITY ctrlaltf1 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
416
<keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>">
417
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf2 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
418
<keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo>">
419
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf3 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
420
<keycap>F3</keycap></keycombo>">
421
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf4 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
422
<keycap>F4</keycap></keycombo>">
423
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf5 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
424
<keycap>F5</keycap></keycombo>">
425
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf6 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
426
<keycap>F6</keycap></keycombo>">
427
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf7 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
428
<keycap>F7</keycap></keycombo>">
429
<!ENTITY ctrlaltbkspc "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Backspace</keycap>
431
<!ENTITY % kde SYSTEM "../../libs/kde.ent">
432
<!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY kde-version "3.5.9">
433
<!ENTITY adept "Adept">
434
<!ENTITY appshort "<application>Adept</application>">
435
<!ENTITY different-user "kdesu">
436
<!ENTITY % kde-general SYSTEM "/usr/share/apps/ksgmltools2/customization/obsolete/general.entities">
438
KDE general entities for DocBook as used in the KDE documentation
440
Copyright (C) 2002 Frederik Fouvry
442
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
443
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
444
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
445
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
447
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
448
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
449
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
450
GNU General Public License for more details.
452
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
453
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
454
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
456
Send suggestions, comments, etc. to the KDE docbook list
457
<kde-docbook@kde.org>.
462
Refer to this file as
464
"-//KDE//ENTITIES DocBook XML General Entity Declarations V1.1//EN"
466
This file contains what dbgenent.mod should contain and is read
467
after all other files just like dbgenent.mod should be.
469
--><!-- ============================================================= --><!-- Extensions to the DocBook DTD --><!-- ============================================================= --><!-- E.g. KDE specific entities (see also dbgenent.mod for this) --><!-- Legal texts we put in a specific place
470
so that we don't need to cut'n'paste them to every doc
471
--><!ENTITY GPL-html PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU General Public License V2 (HTML)//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html" NDATA SGML>
472
<!ENTITY GPL PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU General Public License V2//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html" NDATA linespecific>
473
<!ENTITY GPLNotice PUBLIC "-//KDE//DOCUMENT GNU General Public License Notice//EN" "../en/entities/gpl-notice.docbook">
474
<!-- meant for inclusion, so no [CN]DATA SGML (why?) --><!ENTITY LGPL-html PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Lesser General Public License V2.1 (HTML)//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html" NDATA SGML>
475
<!ENTITY LGPL PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Lesser General Public License V2.1//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html" NDATA linespecific>
476
<!ENTITY LGPLNotice PUBLIC "-//KDE//DOCUMENT GNU Lesser General Public License Notice//EN" "../en/entities/lgpl-notice.docbook">
477
<!-- meant for inclusion, so no [CN]DATA SGML --><!ENTITY FDL-html PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Free Documentation License V1.1 (HTML)//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html" NDATA SGML>
478
<!ENTITY FDL PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Free Documentation License V1.1//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html" NDATA linespecific>
479
<!-- FDLNotice is defined in lang.entities (why?) --><!-- KDE index generation
480
Set addindex to IGNORE to stop index generation
481
Indices are generated on the fly, so no intermediate file is needed
482
--><!ENTITY % addindex "INCLUDE">
483
<!ENTITY documentation.index "<index></index>">
484
<!--ENTITY kapp "(Oops - someone forgot to fill in the application name here)" --><!-- Entities to fill in slots in docbook version of FDL notice --><!ENTITY % FDLIS "IGNORE">
485
<!ENTITY % FDLFCT "IGNORE">
486
<!ENTITY % FDLBCT "IGNORE">
487
<!-- These are the language-independent entities. They can be (more
488
or less) freely extended. Keep this list sorted and sensible.
489
Make sure you always add full markup to the text.
491
Naming policy: name the entity like you would see the text
492
(inclusive case). KDE entities are always lowercased. Spaces
493
are omitted. Examples: Qt (for "Qt"), RedHat (for "Red Hat"),
494
kfloppy (for "KFloppy") . (Entity names cannot start with digits,
495
in that case, use the written form for the first digit.)
497
DO NOT JUST RENAME ENTITIES! That implies removal of an existing
498
entity and that may change the validity of documents, which must
499
not happen. Place the name you wish to remove in the list of
500
obsolete entities (depending on the case, the expansion is
501
redefined or kept as it was); the new name goes in the official list.
502
A later version of the DTD (with another version number!) will
503
effectively remove these entities. In that way, old documents
504
remain valid, while new ones can only use the new declarations.
505
--><!ENTITY AIX "<trademark class='registered'>AIX</trademark>">
506
<!ENTITY aktion "<application>aKtion</application>">
507
<!ENTITY amor "<application>AMOR</application>">
508
<!ENTITY ark "<application>Ark</application>">
509
<!ENTITY arts "<application>aRts</application>">
510
<!ENTITY arts-builder "<application>aRts-builder</application>">
511
<!ENTITY artscontrol "<application>artscontrol</application>">
512
<!ENTITY artsd "<application>artsd</application>">
513
<!ENTITY artsdsp "<application>artsdsp</application>">
514
<!ENTITY artsserver "<application>artsserver</application>">
515
<!ENTITY artsshell "<application>artsshell</application>">
516
<!ENTITY artswrapper "<application>artswrapper</application>">
517
<!ENTITY ATAPI "<acronym>ATAPI</acronym>">
518
<!ENTITY atlantik "<application>Atlantik</application>">
519
<!ENTITY brahms "<application>Brahms</application>">
520
<!ENTITY catalogmanager "<application>Catalog Manager</application>">
521
<!ENTITY CD "<acronym>CD</acronym>">
522
<!ENTITY CDE "<acronym>CDE</acronym>">
523
<!ENTITY CD-ROM "<acronym>CD-ROM</acronym>">
524
<!ENTITY cervisia "<application>Cervisia</application>">
525
<!ENTITY CSS "<trademark>CSS</trademark>">
526
<!ENTITY CUPS "<acronym>CUPS</acronym>">
527
<!ENTITY drkonqi "<application>DrKonqi</application>">
528
<!ENTITY DCOP "<acronym>DCOP</acronym>">
529
<!ENTITY DVI "<acronym>DVI</acronym>">
530
<!ENTITY ELF "<acronym>ELF</acronym>">
531
<!ENTITY Emacs "<application>Emacs</application>">
532
<!ENTITY flashkard "<application>FlashKard</application>">
533
<!ENTITY FTP "<acronym>FTP</acronym>">
534
<!ENTITY gcc "<command>gcc</command>">
535
<!ENTITY GIF "<acronym>GIF</acronym>">
536
<!ENTITY GMT "<acronym>GMT</acronym>">
537
<!ENTITY GNU "<acronym>GNU</acronym>">
538
<!ENTITY GUI "<acronym>GUI</acronym>">
539
<!ENTITY Handspring "<trademark>Handspring</trademark>">
540
<!ENTITY Hewlett-Packard '<trademark class="registered">Hewlett-Packard</trademark>'>
541
<!ENTITY HotSync '<trademark class="registered">HotSync</trademark>'>
542
<!ENTITY HP '<trademark class="registered">HP</trademark>'>
543
<!ENTITY HP-UX '<trademark class="registered">HP-UX</trademark>'>
544
<!ENTITY HTTP "<acronym>HTTP</acronym>">
545
<!ENTITY IRIX '<trademark class="registered">IRIX</trademark>'>
546
<!ENTITY Java "<trademark>Java</trademark>">
547
<!ENTITY Jini "<trademark>Jini</trademark>">
548
<!ENTITY kab2 "<application>Kab2</application>">
549
<!ENTITY kenolaba "<application>Kenolaba</application>">
550
<!ENTITY kaboodle "<application>Kaboodle</application>">
551
<!ENTITY kaddressbook "<application>KAddressBook</application>">
552
<!ENTITY kalarm "<application>KAlarm</application>">
553
<!ENTITY kalarmd "<application>KAlarmd</application>">
554
<!ENTITY kalzium "<application>Kalzium</application>">
555
<!ENTITY kamera "<application>Kamera</application>">
556
<!ENTITY kandy "<application>Kandy</application>">
557
<!ENTITY kappfinder "<application>Kappfinder</application>">
558
<!ENTITY kaphorism "<application>KAphorism</application>">
559
<!ENTITY karm "<application>KArm</application>">
560
<!ENTITY kasteroids "<application>KAsteroids</application>">
561
<!ENTITY kate "<application>Kate</application>">
562
<!ENTITY katomic "<application>KAtomic</application>">
563
<!ENTITY kbabel "<application>KBabel</application>">
564
<!ENTITY kbabeldict "<application>KBabelDict</application>">
565
<!ENTITY kbackgammon "<application>KBackgammon</application>">
566
<!ENTITY kbattleship "<application>KBattleship</application>">
567
<!ENTITY kbiff "<application>KBiff</application>">
568
<!ENTITY kblackbox "<application>KBlackbox</application>">
569
<!ENTITY kbounce "<application>KBounce</application>">
570
<!ENTITY kbugbuster "<application>kbugbuster</application>">
571
<!ENTITY kcalc "<application>KCalc</application>">
572
<!ENTITY kcharselect "<application>KCharSelect</application>">
573
<!ENTITY kchart "<application>KChart</application>">
574
<!ENTITY kchat "<application>KChat</application>">
575
<!ENTITY kcontrol "<application>KControl</application>">
576
<!ENTITY kcron "<application>KCron</application>">
577
<!ENTITY kdat "<application>KDat</application>">
578
<!ENTITY kdebugdialog "<application>KDebugDialog</application>">
579
<!ENTITY kde-http '<ulink url="http://www.kde.org/">http://www.kde.org/</ulink>'>
580
<!ENTITY kde-ftp '<ulink url="ftp://ftp.kde.org/pub/kde/">ftp://ftp.kde.org/pub/kde/</ulink>'>
581
<!ENTITY kdepasswd "<application>kdepasswd</application>">
582
<!ENTITY kdesktop "<application>KDesktop</application>">
583
<!ENTITY kdessh "<application>kdessh</application>">
584
<!ENTITY kdesu "<application>KDE su</application>">
585
<!ENTITY kdiskfree "<application>KDiskFree</application>">
586
<!ENTITY kdict "<application>KDict</application>">
587
<!ENTITY kdm "<application>kdm</application>">
588
<!ENTITY kdvi "<application>KDVI</application>">
589
<!ENTITY kedit "<application>KEdit</application>">
590
<!ENTITY keduca "<application>KEduca</application>">
591
<!ENTITY keystone "<application>Keystone</application>">
592
<!ENTITY kfax "<application>KFax</application>">
593
<!ENTITY kfaxview "<application>Kfaxview</application>">
594
<!ENTITY kfind "<application>KFind</application>">
595
<!ENTITY kfloppy "<application>Kfloppy</application>">
596
<!ENTITY kformula "<application>KFormula</application>">
597
<!ENTITY kfouleggs "<application>KFoulEggs</application>">
598
<!ENTITY kfract "<application>KFract</application>">
599
<!ENTITY khangman "<application>KHangMan</application>">
600
<!ENTITY kgeo "<application>KGeo</application>">
601
<!ENTITY kghostview "<application>KGhostView</application>">
602
<!ENTITY khelpcenter "<application>KHelpCenter</application>">
603
<!ENTITY khexedit "<application>KHexEdit</application>">
604
<!ENTITY kicker "<application>Kicker</application>">
605
<!ENTITY kiconedit "<application>KIconEdit</application>">
606
<!ENTITY kikbd "<application>kikbd</application>">
607
<!ENTITY kit "<application>Kit</application>">
608
<!ENTITY kiten "<application>Kiten</application>">
609
<!ENTITY kivio "<application>Kivio</application>">
610
<!ENTITY kjots "<application>KJots</application>">
611
<!ENTITY kjumpingcube "<application>KJumpingCube</application>">
612
<!ENTITY klaptop "<application>KLaptop</application>">
613
<!ENTITY klatin "<application>KLatin</application>">
614
<!ENTITY klettres "<application>KLettres</application>">
615
<!ENTITY kolorlines "<application>Kolor Lines</application>">
616
<!ENTITY klipper "<application>Klipper</application>">
617
<!ENTITY kljettool "<application>KLjettool</application>">
618
<!ENTITY klpq "<application>Klpq</application>">
619
<!ENTITY klprfax "<application>Klprfax</application>">
620
<!ENTITY kmahjongg "<application>KMahjongg</application>">
621
<!ENTITY kmail "<application>KMail</application>">
622
<!ENTITY kmathtool "<application>KMathTool</application>">
623
<!ENTITY kmenuedit "<application>kmenuedit</application>">
624
<!ENTITY kmessedwords "<application>KMessedWords</application>">
625
<!ENTITY kmid "<application>KMid</application>">
626
<!ENTITY kmidi "<application>KMidi</application>">
627
<!ENTITY kmines "<application>KMines</application>">
628
<!ENTITY kmix "<application>KMix</application>">
629
<!ENTITY kmplot "<application>KmPlot</application>">
630
<!ENTITY knewsticker "<application>KNewsTicker</application>">
631
<!ENTITY knode "<application>KNode</application>">
632
<!ENTITY knotes "<application>KNotes</application>">
633
<!ENTITY knorskverbs "<application>KNorskVerbs</application>">
634
<!ENTITY kodometer "<application>KOdometer</application>">
635
<!ENTITY koffice "<application>KOffice</application>">
636
<!ENTITY kolf "<application>Kolf</application>">
637
<!ENTITY kompare "<application>Kompare</application>">
638
<!ENTITY koncd "<application>KOnCD</application>">
639
<!ENTITY konqueror "<application>Konqueror</application>">
640
<!ENTITY konquest "<application>Konquest</application>">
641
<!ENTITY konsole "<application>Konsole</application>">
642
<!ENTITY kontour "<application>Kontour</application>">
643
<!ENTITY kooka "<application>Kooka</application>">
644
<!ENTITY korganizer "<application>KOrganizer</application>">
645
<!ENTITY korn "<application>KOrn</application>">
646
<!ENTITY koshell "<application>KOShell</application>">
647
<!ENTITY kotalkd "<application>KOTalkd</application>">
648
<!ENTITY kpackage "<application>KPackage</application>">
649
<!ENTITY kpager "<application>KPager</application>">
650
<!ENTITY kpaint "<application>KPaint</application>">
651
<!ENTITY kpanel "<application>KPanel</application>">
652
<!ENTITY kpatience "<application>KPatience</application>">
653
<!ENTITY kpercentage "<application>KPercentage</application>">
654
<!ENTITY kpilot "<application>KPilot</application>">
655
<!ENTITY kpf "<application>kpf</application>">
656
<!ENTITY kpm "<application>Kpm</application>">
657
<!ENTITY kpresenter "<application>KPresenter</application>">
658
<!ENTITY kpoker "<application>KPoker</application>">
659
<!ENTITY kpovmodeler "<application>KPovModeler</application>">
660
<!ENTITY kppp "<application>KPPP</application>">
661
<!ENTITY kreatecd "<application>KreateCD</application>">
662
<!ENTITY krec "<application>KRec</application>">
663
<!ENTITY kregexpeditor "<application>KRegExpEditor</application>">
664
<!ENTITY kreversi "<application>KReversi</application>">
665
<!ENTITY krita "<application>Krita</application>">
666
<!ENTITY kruler "<application>KRuler</application>">
667
<!ENTITY ksame "<application>KSame</application>">
668
<!ENTITY kscd "<application>KsCD</application>">
669
<!ENTITY kscore "<application>KScore</application>">
670
<!ENTITY kscreensaver "<application>KScreensaver</application>">
671
<!ENTITY ksgmltools "<application>ksgmltools</application>">
672
<!ENTITY kshisen "<application>KShisen</application>">
673
<!ENTITY ksim "<application>KSim</application>">
674
<!ENTITY ksirc "<application>KSirc</application>">
675
<!ENTITY ksirtet "<application>KSirtet</application>">
676
<!ENTITY ksmiletris "<application>KSmiletris</application>">
677
<!ENTITY ksnake "<application>KSnake</application>">
678
<!ENTITY ksnapshot "<application>KSnapshot</application>">
679
<!ENTITY ksokoban "<application>KSokoban</application>">
680
<!ENTITY kspaceduel "<application>KSpaceDuel</application>">
681
<!ENTITY kspell "<application>KSpell</application>">
682
<!ENTITY kspread "<application>KSpread</application>">
683
<!ENTITY kstars "<application>KStars</application>">
684
<!ENTITY kstart "<application>kstart</application>">
685
<!ENTITY ksysctrl "<application>KSysctrl</application>">
686
<!ENTITY ksysguard "<application>KSysguard</application>">
687
<!ENTITY ksysv "<application>KSysV</application>">
688
<!ENTITY ktalk "<application>KTalk</application>">
689
<!ENTITY ktalkd "<application>KTalkd</application>">
690
<!ENTITY kteatime "<application>KTeaTime</application>">
691
<!ENTITY kthesaurus "<application>KThesaurus</application>">
692
<!ENTITY ktimemon "<application>KTimemon</application>">
693
<!ENTITY ktimer "<application>KTimer</application>">
694
<!ENTITY ktip "<application>KTip</application>">
695
<!ENTITY ktouch "<application>KTouch</application>">
696
<!ENTITY ktron "<application>KTron</application>">
697
<!ENTITY ktuberling "<application>KTuberling</application>">
698
<!ENTITY kugar "<application>Kugar</application>">
699
<!ENTITY kuickshow "<application>KuickShow</application>">
700
<!ENTITY kuser "<application>KUser</application>">
701
<!ENTITY kview "<application>KView</application>">
702
<!ENTITY kviewshell "<application>KViewshell</application>">
703
<!ENTITY kvoctrain "<application>KVocTrain</application>">
704
<!ENTITY kworldclock "<application>KWorldClock</application>">
705
<!ENTITY kword "<application>KWord</application>">
706
<!ENTITY kwin "<application>KWin</application>">
707
<!ENTITY k4wins "<application>K Four Wins</application>">
708
<!ENTITY kwrite "<application>KWrite</application>">
709
<!ENTITY kwuftpd "<application>kwuftpd</application>">
710
<!ENTITY LaserJet '<trademark class="registered">LaserJet</trademark>'>
711
<!ENTITY lisa "<application>Lisa</application>">
712
<!ENTITY Linux '<trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark>'>
713
<!ENTITY Linux-Mandrake "<trademark>Linux-Mandrake</trademark>">
714
<!ENTITY LinuxPPC "<trademark>LinuxPPC</trademark>">
715
<!ENTITY lskat "<application>Lskat</application>">
716
<!ENTITY LZW "<acronym>LZW</acronym>">
717
<!ENTITY Mac '<trademark class="registered">Mac</trademark>'>
718
<!ENTITY MacOS '<trademark class="registered">Mac</trademark> <acronym>OS</acronym>'>
719
<!ENTITY Mandrake "<trademark>Mandrake</trademark>">
720
<!ENTITY megami "<application>Megami</application>">
721
<!ENTITY Microsoft '<trademark class="registered">Microsoft</trademark>'>
722
<!ENTITY MIDI "<acronym>MIDI</acronym>">
723
<!ENTITY MIME "<acronym>MIME</acronym>">
724
<!ENTITY moonphase "<application>Moon Phase</application>">
725
<!ENTITY Motif '<trademark class="registered">Motif</trademark>'>
726
<!ENTITY MRU "<acronym>MRU</acronym>">
727
<!ENTITY MTU "<acronym>MTU</acronym>">
728
<!ENTITY MusiXTeX "<application>MusiXTeX</application>">
729
<!ENTITY Netscape '<trademark class="registered">Netscape</trademark>'>
730
<!ENTITY NeXTSTEP "<trademark>NeXTSTEP</trademark>">
731
<!ENTITY noatun "<application>Noatun</application>">
732
<!ENTITY PalmOS '<trademark class="registered">Palm OS</trademark>'>
733
<!ENTITY PalmPilot "<productname><trademark>PalmPilot</trademark></productname>">
734
<!ENTITY PMX "<application>PMX</application>">
735
<!-- acronym too? --><!ENTITY PostScript '<trademark class="registered">PostScript</trademark>'>
736
<!ENTITY PPP "<acronym>PPP</acronym>">
737
<!ENTITY quanta "<application>Quanta</application>">
738
<!ENTITY quantaplus "<application>Quanta Plus</application>">
739
<!ENTITY Qt "<trademark>Qt</trademark>">
740
<!ENTITY RedHat '<trademark class="registered">Red Hat</trademark>'>
741
<!ENTITY reslisa "<application>ResLisa</application>">
742
<!ENTITY Sendmail '<application><trademark class="registered">sendmail</trademark></application>'>
743
<!ENTITY SMTP "<acronym>SMTP</acronym>">
744
<!ENTITY SGI "<trademark>SGI</trademark>">
745
<!ENTITY Solaris "<trademark>Solaris</trademark>">
746
<!ENTITY SuSE '<acronym><trademark class="registered">SuSE</trademark></acronym>'>
747
<!ENTITY ThreeCom '<trademark class="registered">3Com</trademark>'>
748
<!ENTITY tkmidi "<application>tkmidi</application>">
749
<!ENTITY TrueType '<trademark class="registered">TrueType</trademark>'>
750
<!ENTITY UNIX '<trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark>'>
751
<!ENTITY URL "<acronym>URL</acronym>">
752
<!ENTITY URI "<acronym>URI</acronym>">
753
<!ENTITY Visor "<trademark>Visor</trademark>">
754
<!ENTITY windowmaker "<application>Window Maker</application>">
755
<!ENTITY Windows '<trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark>'>
756
<!ENTITY WordNet '<trademark class="registered">WordNet</trademark>'>
757
<!ENTITY Wordperfect '<application><trademark class="registered">WordPerfect</trademark></application>'>
758
<!ENTITY X-Server "<application>X-Server</application>">
759
<!ENTITY XEmacs "<application>XEmacs</application>">
760
<!ENTITY X-Window '<trademark class="registered">X Window System</trademark>'>
761
<!ENTITY XHTML "<trademark>XHTML</trademark>">
762
<!ENTITY XML "<trademark>XML</trademark>">
763
<!ENTITY XSL "<trademark>XSL</trademark>">
764
<!-- Defaults, do NOT add anything to this without checking with the docbook
765
team. --><!ENTITY package "This application isn't part of a KDE package">
766
<!-- Obsolete entities --><!-- Put them here; they will be removed at some stage --><!ENTITY artsbuilder "<application>aRts-builder</application>">
767
<!ENTITY kdf "<application>KDiskFree</application>">
768
<!ENTITY klaptopdaemon "<application>KLaptop</application>">
769
<!ENTITY klines "<application>Kolor Lines</application>">
770
<!ENTITY kmoon "<application>Moon Phase</application>">
771
<!ENTITY kodo "<application>KOdometer</application>">
772
<!ENTITY kpat "<application>KPatience</application>">
773
<!ENTITY kwin4 "<application>K Four Wins</application>">
774
<!ENTITY % xinclude SYSTEM "../../../libs/xinclude.mod">
775
<!ELEMENT xi:include (xi:fallback)?>
776
<!ATTLIST xi:include xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
777
<!ATTLIST xi:include href CDATA #REQUIRED>
778
<!ATTLIST xi:include parse (xml | text) "xml">
779
<!ATTLIST xi:include xpointer CDATA #IMPLIED>
780
<!ATTLIST xi:include encoding CDATA #IMPLIED>
781
<!ATTLIST xi:include accept CDATA #IMPLIED>
782
<!ATTLIST xi:include accept-charset CDATA #IMPLIED>
783
<!ATTLIST xi:include accept-language CDATA #IMPLIED>
784
<!ELEMENT xi:fallback ANY>
785
<!ATTLIST xi:fallback xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
786
<!ENTITY % local.preface.class "| xi:include">
787
<!ENTITY % local.part.class "| xi:include">
788
<!ENTITY % local.chapter.class "| xi:include">
789
<!ENTITY % local.divcomponent.mix "| xi:include">
790
<!ENTITY % local.para.char.mix "| xi:include">
791
<!ENTITY % local.info.class "| xi:include">
792
<!ENTITY % local.common.attrib "xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude'">
793
<!ENTITY language "en">
795
<article id="network" status="complete" lang="th">
798
<title>Networking</title>
801
<title>Credits and License</title>
802
<para>This document is maintained by the Ubuntu documentation team
803
(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam). For a list of contributors, see the
804
<ulink type="help" url="help:/kubuntu/contributors.html">contributors
806
<para>This document is made available under the Creative Commons ShareAlike
807
2.5 License (CC-BY-SA).</para>
808
<para>You are free to modify, extend, and improve the Ubuntu documentation
809
source code under the
810
terms of this license. All derivative works must be released under
812
<para>This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
814
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
815
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
816
PURPOSE AS DESCRIBED IN THE DISCLAIMER.</para>
817
<para>A copy of the license is available here: <ulink type="help" url="help:/kubuntu/ccbysa.html">Creative
818
Commons ShareAlike License</ulink>.</para>
821
<year>2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008</year>
822
<holder>Canonical Ltd. and members of the Ubuntu Documentation
826
<publishername>The Ubuntu Documentation Project</publishername>
831
This chapter contains information on general networking with Kubuntu. Topics
832
covered include connecting to the internet as well as connecting and sharing
833
files between a Windows or Mac system and Kubuntu.
838
<!-- INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING -->
839
<sect1 id="network-intro" status="complete">
840
<title>Introduction to networking in Kubuntu</title>
843
Networking in Kubuntu has gotten much easier for everyone. The days of
844
configuring your settings via the command line are almost gone completely. A
845
majority of users will never have to use the command line when configuring their
846
network settings in order to share files between PCs or to gain access to the
847
Internet. There are those select few who might be utilizing hardware that is not
848
Linux certified as of yet. For those, there might be the possibility of making
849
changes via the command line.
853
New in Kubuntu 8.04 is <application>KNetworkManager</application>.
854
<application>KNetworkManager</application> makes connecting and managing your
855
connections a snap. Whether you are using a wired (Ethernet) connection or a
856
wireless connection, <application>KNetworkManager</application> can monitor for
857
connects and disconnects, locates wireless access points, and manages your
858
wireless encryption (see <xref linkend="network-apps-knetworkmanager"/>).
862
Some users will want to do more than surf the Internet or read Email such as
863
sharing files between a Windows PC or a Mac. Setting up Kubuntu on a Windows
864
network is a very simple task and at most will only require very minor command
869
<title>Determining your network hardware</title>
871
If you are having issues connecting to your network or the Internet, the first
872
thing you need to do is locate the model of the network device you are using.
873
To do so, unfortunately you will have to use the command line at this time. To
874
get to the command line in Kubuntu, press
875
<keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Space</keycap></keycombo>. This will open
876
up a pop-up called <application>Katapult</application>. Enter the word
877
<userinput>konsole</userinput> and press <keycap>Enter</keycap>. You will
878
notice that once <application>Konsole</application> opens, you will see
879
something similar to <prompt>username@hostname:~$</prompt>. Here you will type
880
<userinput>lspci</userinput> and press <keycap>Enter</keycap>. Locate your
881
network hardware information, you will need this for the upcoming sections,
882
especially for wireless cards.
888
<!-- SETTINGS (IP ADDRESS, GATEWAY, NETMASK, BROADCASE, NETWORK, DNS) -->
889
<sect1 id="network-connect-settings" status="complete">
890
<title>Common network settings</title>
893
A majority of connection settings can be changed from within the
894
<guilabel>Network Settings</guilabel> section of System Settings. To access the
895
Network Settings, go to
897
<guimenu>KMenu</guimenu>
898
<guimenuitem>System Settings</guimenuitem>
900
and then select <guilabel>Network Settings</guilabel> at the lower left of the
905
No matter the connection you are using, the network settings will usually be
906
configured the same. Most users are probably familiar with Windows networking
907
and seeing terms such as <acronym>IP</acronym> address, gateway address,
908
netmask address, and <acronym>DNS</acronym> addresses. They are still the same
909
in Kubuntu however there are two extra settings that are common with Linux
910
systems, network address and broadcast address however these extra settings
911
are not necessary for basic home networking and connecting to the Internet.
915
Please select from the following to get a brief introduction to each settings.
917
<listitem><para><xref linkend="network-connect-settings-ip"/></para></listitem>
918
<listitem><para><xref linkend="network-connect-settings-gateway"/></para></listitem>
919
<listitem><para><xref linkend="network-connect-settings-netmask"/></para></listitem>
920
<listitem><para><xref linkend="network-connect-settings-dns"/></para></listitem>
921
<listitem><para><xref linkend="network-connect-settings-hostname"/></para></listitem>
925
<example id="nic-settings">
926
<title>Kubuntu Network Interface Setting</title>
928
# eth0 is set to automatically receive its address (DHCP)
932
# eth1 is setting its own address (static)
934
iface eth1 inet static
935
address 192.168.1.100
936
netmask 255.255.255.0
938
broadcast 192.168.0.255
945
<sect2 id="network-connect-settings-ip" status="complete">
946
<title><acronym>IP</acronym> Address</title>
949
An <acronym>IP</acronym> address is a unique identifier, commonly known as the
950
computer's address, that is used in communicating between other computers on a
951
network and the Internet. There are two versions of <acronym>IP</acronym>
952
addressing, <acronym>IPv4</acronym> which is the most widely used and the
953
oldest, and <acronym>IPv6</acronym> which is newer. <acronym>IPv6</acronym>
954
was created to cure the fact the world was running out of <acronym>IP</acronym>
959
<title><acronym>IPv4</acronym> <acronym>IP</acronym> address</title>
961
<listitem><para>192.168.1.100</para></listitem>
962
<listitem><para>10.0.0.100</para></listitem>
963
<listitem><para>63.184.200.19</para></listitem>
968
<title><acronym>IPv6</acronym> <acronym>IP</acronym> address</title>
970
<listitem><para>E3D7:0000:0000:0000:51F4:9BC8:C0A8:6420</para></listitem>
971
<listitem><para>E3D7::51F4:9BC8:C0A8:6420</para></listitem>
977
<!-- GATEWAY ADDRESS -->
978
<sect2 id="network-connect-settings-gateway" status="complete">
979
<title>Gateway <acronym>IP</acronym> Address</title>
982
A gateway address is also known as the default gateway. The gateway serves as
983
an access point to another network and a majority of the times would be your
984
service provider in order to gain access to the Internet. A gateway
985
<acronym>IP</acronym> address looks the same as an <acronym>IP</acronym>
992
<sect2 id="network-connect-settings-netmask" status="complete">
993
<title>Netmask</title>
996
A netmask address, or subnet mask, is an address that allows the splitting of
997
a large network into small subnetworks.
1003
<sect2 id="network-connect-settings-dns" status="complete">
1004
<title><acronym>DNS</acronym> <acronym>IP</acronym> Address</title>
1007
<acronym>DNS</acronym> (Domain Name System) translates domain names as well as
1008
computer hostnames to <acronym>IP</acronym> addresses. This is the system that
1009
will translate www.kubuntu.org into the websites actual <acronym>IP</acronym>
1015
<sect2 id="network-connect-settings-hostname" status="draft">
1016
<title>Host name</title>
1019
The host name is the physical, unique name of your computer. A valid hostname
1020
consists of <acronym>ASCII</acronym> letters "a" through
1021
"z", digits "0" through "9", and the hyphen (-).
1022
It can consist of any combination of the previous allowed characters.
1028
<!-- NETWORK-CONNECTING -->
1029
<sect1 id="network-connecting" status="complete">
1030
<title>Establishing a connection</title>
1033
Establishing a connection depends on various things. Are you connecting
1034
directly to the Internet utilizing a modem whether it be a
1035
<acronym>DSL</acronym> modem or a dial-up modem? Do you have broadband access
1036
and have a router or a system providing Internet sharing? Are you using Ethernet
1037
or wireless network connection? <acronym>DHCP</acronym> or static? These are
1038
just a few of the variables that need to be researched and understood prior to
1039
moving on and possibly causing more problems now or later on.
1043
There are multiple ways of connecting to a network or the Internet however only
1044
three main topics will be covered.
1046
<listitem><para><xref linkend="network-connect-eth"/></para></listitem>
1047
<listitem><para><xref linkend="network-connect-wifi"/></para></listitem>
1048
<listitem><para><xref linkend="network-connect-modems"/></para></listitem>
1054
<acronym>DSL</acronym> (Digital Subscriber Line) is a form of broadband Internet
1055
service that has a modem that connects to the service providers network. Some
1056
users will either connect directly to that modem or may have a router connected
1057
to it in order to share the connection.
1063
<acronym>DHCP</acronym> (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is
1064
a networking protocol that allows your system to obtain an
1065
<acronym>IP</acronym> (Internet Protocol) address, gateway address, netmask, as
1066
well as <acronym>DNS</acronym> (Domain Name System) addresses. Using DHCP
1067
is setup by default for each network interface installed into the system.
1068
This makes connecting easier and seamless in most situations. Please <xref linkend="network-connect-settings"/>.
1074
<sect1 id="network-connect-eth" status="complete">
1075
<title>Ethernet</title>
1078
Ethernet adapters are the most common types of networking interfaces in use
1079
today. Ethernet is physically connected with a cable to either your broadband
1080
modem, router or switch, or another <acronym>PC</acronym>. The most common type
1081
of cable in use is know as Category-5 (<acronym>CAT</acronym>-5). It looks
1082
similar to the typical telephone cable, but instead of four wires inside the
1083
cable there are eight. For an example of what a <acronym>CAT</acronym>-5 cable
1084
looks like, please review <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat-5"/>.
1088
A majority of users who are using this form of Ethernet for a connection are
1089
not going to run into any problems. If you do in fact run into an issue
1090
connecting with this type of connection, the following could potentially assist
1091
you in fixing your issue.
1094
<sect2 id="network-connect-eth-gui" status="complete">
1095
<title>GUI based troubleshooting and settings</title>
1101
<guimenu>KMenu</guimenu>
1102
<guimenuitem>System Settings</guimenuitem>
1103
<guilabel>Network Settings</guilabel>
1108
From within the <guilabel>Network Connection</guilabel> window there is a tab
1109
named <guilabel>Network Interfaces</guilabel>. Hopefully you will see your
1110
adapter labeled something like <guilabel>eth0</guilabel>. If there is an issue
1111
with the card or the settings, usually the system will automatically disable
1112
the card. If the card is disabled, you will see <guilabel>X Disabled</guilabel>
1113
under the <guilabel>State</guilabel> column. To enable the device, simply press
1114
the <guibutton>Administrator Mode...</guibutton> at the bottom of the window.
1115
This will open a password dialog in which you enter your username's password.
1116
Once you have entered this mode, simply press the <guibutton>Enable
1117
Interface</guibutton> button. If there are issues enabling the device, you will
1118
be notified with an error. To see the settings of this device, press the
1119
<guibutton>Configure Interface...</guibutton> button. The window that opens
1120
will allow you to manually configure your network settings to match your
1128
<sect2 id="network-connect-eth-cli" status="complete">
1129
<title>Command line based troubleshooting and settings</title>
1135
<guimenu>KMenu</guimenu>
1136
<guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu>
1137
<guimenuitem>Konsole (Terminal Program)</guimenuitem>
1142
The main file that the user will be working with is
1143
<filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename>. A typical default
1144
<filename>interfaces</filename> file will look similar to the following:
1146
<example id="etc-net-interface">
1147
<title><filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename></title>
1150
iface lo inet loopback
1153
iface eth0 inet dhcp
1156
iface eth1 inet dhcp
1159
<note><title>KNetworkManager Warning</title>
1161
If you are planning on using <application>KNetworkManager</application> it is
1162
advised that you <emphasis role="bold">DO NOT</emphasis> edit
1163
<filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename> unless it is necessary to get your
1164
network connection working. If you do manually edit your
1165
<filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename> then
1166
<application>KNetworkManager</application> will not work.
1177
<sect1 id="network-connect-wifi" status="complete">
1181
Wireless networking has gotten better with Kubuntu 8.04, however there
1182
are still problems for users who do not have a card supported natively.
1183
If you have not purchased a wireless card yet, please take a look at the
1184
supported hardware at
1185
<ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/WirelessCardsSupported"/>.
1188
<sect2 id="network-connect-wifi-howdoi" status="complete">
1189
<title>How do I...</title>
1194
<term>...figure out if my wireless card works?</term>
1197
If your wireless card has been detected,
1198
<application>KNetworkManager</application> will have a menu entry listing your
1199
wireless device. You can attempt to connect to your wireless network by
1200
clicking on the System Tray icon and selecting your wireless network. If you
1201
are able to browse the network with the a web browser, you have successfully
1202
connected to the internet.
1208
<term>...configure encryptions such as <acronym>WEP</acronym> or
1209
<acronym>WPA</acronym></term>
1212
With <application>KNetworkManager</application> you simple click the
1213
application icon in the system tray and select the wireless network you want to
1214
connect to. When you click on a network that has encryption enabled, you will
1215
get a pop-up dialog to enter this information. Once entered, this information is
1216
stored within the <application>KWallet</application> utility. This allows you
1217
to connect to that network in the future just by entering your
1218
<application>KWallet</application> password.
1224
<term>...check if I have a Internet connection?</term>
1227
Open up <application>Konqueror</application>, and try to browse to
1228
<ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com"/>. If this worked, you have a fully working
1229
internet connection.
1232
If the above did not work, open up <application>Konsole</application>
1233
(<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Konsole - Terminal Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>) and type <userinput>ping gateway_ip_address</userinput>
1234
(substitude gateway_ip_address by the ip address of your gateway. This
1235
address is usually 192.168.1.1, but may vary depending on the nature of
1236
your network). If you are able to ping your gateway, then the DNS on your
1237
computer is not working correctly. If you are not able to ping the gateway,
1238
then you do not have a proper internet connection.
1244
<term>...figure out which wireless card my system uses?</term>
1247
<application>KInfoCenter</application>: (<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KInfoCenter - Info Center</guimenuitem></menuchoice>) A KDE utility that
1248
provides information about your computer system. Once
1249
<application>KInfoCenter</application> is opened, select
1250
<guilabel>PCI</guilabel> from the left hand window. This will display all of the
1251
<acronym>PCI</acronym> information about your system. Scroll down until you see
1252
<guilabel>Network controller:</guilabel>. This will provide information about
1253
your wireless adapter.
1257
<emphasis role="bold">Command line</emphasis>: (<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Konsole - Terminal Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>) This will
1258
open up <application>Konsole</application> providing you with a terminal or the
1259
command line. Once you are sitting at the command prompt simply type
1260
<userinput>lspci</userinput> and press the <keycap>Enter</keycap> key. Locate
1261
the <guilabel>Network controller:</guilabel> line as this will provide
1262
information about your wireless adapter.
1268
<term>...get help with my wireless connection?</term>
1271
It is recommended that you use another
1272
connection source to the Internet and read through the many topics for wireless
1273
connections. The following are just a couple locations to review.
1278
<ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs"/>
1283
<ulink url="http://www.ubuntuforums.org/forumdisplay.php?f=136"/>
1291
<term>...get my Broadcom wireless adapter to work?</term>
1294
Since kernel version 2.6.17, support for Broadcom wireless devices were
1295
included. This means that there are some Broadcom devices that work out of the
1296
box, however there are still many that don't. If your Broadcom wireless device
1297
isn't working then you have two choices;
1298
<application>bcm43xx-fwcutter</application> or
1299
<application>NdisWrapper</application>.
1303
<application>bcm43xx-fwcutter</application> utility there are only a select few
1304
devices that actually work. To see the devices that are currently supported
1305
please review <ulink url="http://bcm43xx.berlios.de/?go=devices"/>. If your
1306
device is not supported then it is advised that you use the
1307
<application>NdisWrapper</application> utility. For information on configuring
1308
your device with the <application>bcm43xx-fwcutter</application> utility please
1309
see <xref linkend="network-connect-wifi-bcm43xx"/> and for configuring your
1310
device with <application>NdisWrapper</application> utility please see <xref linkend="network-connect-wifi-ndiswrapper"/>.
1317
<sect2 id="network-connect-wifi-ndiswrapper" status="complete">
1318
<title>NdisWrapper</title>
1321
<title>Command Line Intensive</title>
1323
Configuration of <application>NdisWrapper</application> is command line
1324
intensive. There are currently no graphical clients to aide in this
1325
configuration. Even though it is command line oriented, the instructions are
1331
<title>Hardware Platforms</title>
1333
This method is only supported for users of the Intel and AMD platforms. Users
1334
of older iBooks and Powerbooks cannot use this method. However, users of
1335
MacBooks (Intel based) should be able to use this method.
1340
<application>NdisWrapper</application> is considered the wireless fix-all for
1341
Linux. A great percentage of wireless adapters that are not supported natively
1342
or with other utilities are supported with
1343
<application>NdisWrapper</application>. Install
1344
<application>ndiswrapper</application> by using
1345
<application>Adept</application>. If you are uncomfortable with installation
1346
practices then it is advised that you review the <ulink url="help:/kubuntu/add-applications/">Adding Applications</ulink> document.
1350
Once you have installed <application>NdisWrapper</application>,
1351
locate the Windows drivers either on a <acronym>CD</acronym> or the
1352
Internet. Drivers for Windows XP are preferred, however Windows 2000 drivers
1353
will usually work just as well. Once you have located the CD or the drivers on
1354
the Internet, copy them to a local folder on your system. In
1355
some instances, you may have your drivers in a <filename>driver.zip</filename>
1356
or a <filename>driver.exe</filename> file. If it the file is in a
1357
<filename>.zip</filename> format, unzip the file by either
1358
<mousebutton>right</mousebutton> clicking on the file and selecting
1359
<guilabel>Extract</guilabel> from the pop-up menu. If the file is in a
1360
<filename>.exe</filename> format, then install the
1361
<application>cabextract</application> utility and open up
1362
<application>Konsole</application> to navigate the correct directory. Once you
1363
have navigated to the directory storing the <filename>.exe</filename> file,
1364
type <userinput>cabextract filename.exe</userinput>. This will extract or
1365
unzip the file to the directory you are in. The driver will be in the
1366
<filename>.inf</filename> format, so what you will want to do is type
1367
<userinput>sudo ndiswrapper -i filename.inf</userinput> and press
1368
<keycap>Enter</keycap>. If successful you shouldn't receive any errors. This
1369
command has gone ahead and loaded or installed the drivers in the
1370
<application>NdisWrapper</application> module. To see if these drivers worked,
1371
simply type <userinput>sudo modprobe ndiswrapper</userinput> and press
1372
<keycap>Enter</keycap>. Test to see if you have a network and/or Internet
1377
If everything went well then the final step would be to load the
1378
<application>NdisWrapper</application> module by default. To do this simple
1379
type <userinput>sudo sh -c "echo ndiswrapper >> /etc/modules"</userinput> and
1380
press <keycap>Enter</keycap>. This will automatically start
1381
<application>NdisWrapper</application> at boot time.
1385
If everything didn't go so well, the issue may not be with
1386
<application>NdisWrapper</application> but possibly with
1387
<application>KNetworkManager</application>. To see if in fact that
1388
<application>KNetworkManager</application> was at fault, simply click the system
1389
tray icon and select <guilabel>Quit</guilabel>. Once
1390
<application>KNetworkManager</application> has closed, go back to the command
1391
line and type <userinput>sudo modprobe -r ndiswrapper && sudo modprobe
1392
ndiswrapper</userinput> and press <keycap>Enter</keycap>. This will unload
1393
<application>NdisWrapper</application> and then reload it. After you have
1394
reloaded it, test your network and/or Internet connection again.
1399
<sect2 id="network-connect-wifi-bcm43xx" status="complete">
1400
<title>Broadcom</title>
1403
Since the 6.10 (Edgy Eft) release, the kernel has included driver support for
1404
some Broadcom cards utilizing the <application>bcm43xx-fwcutter</application>
1405
utility. Currently there are not that many supported cards, however development
1406
continues. To see if your card is supported please review the list at <ulink url="http://bcm43xx.berlios.de/?go=devices"/>. If your card is not included in
1407
the list, then refer to <xref linkend="network-connect-wifi-ndiswrapper"/>.
1411
To get started, the first thing you will need to do is install the
1412
<application>bcm43xx-fwcutter</application> utility. For more information on
1413
installing extra applications, please refer to the <ulink url="help:/kubuntu/add-applications/">Adding Applications</ulink> section.
1417
Once you have <application>bcm43xx-fwcutter</application> installed you can
1418
read through a list of links to various drivers for your Broadcom device. To do
1419
this open up <application>Konsole</application> (<menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Konsole - Terminal Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>) and type at the
1420
prompt <userinput>zless /usr/share/doc/bcm43xx-fwcutter/README.gz</userinput>
1421
and press <keycap>Enter</keycap>. You have the choice of picking a driver from
1422
that list, driver CD, or manufacturer's website. The file you are interested in
1423
using is the <filename>bcwl5.sys</filename> file. If you have the drivers in a
1424
<filename>.zip</filename> format, unzip the files to a local directory. If the
1425
drivers are in a <filename>.exe</filename> format, you will need to install
1426
<application>Cabextract</application>. With
1427
<application>Cabextract</application>, at the command line locate the directory
1428
where you downloaded or copied the file to. Once there type at the prompt
1429
<userinput>cabextract filename.exe</userinput> and press
1430
<keycap>Enter</keycap>. This will extract the file into the directory you are
1435
Now that you have the driver files extracted, navigate with
1436
<application>Konsole</application> to the directory with the driver files. Next
1437
you will use the <application>bcm43xx-fwcutter</application> utility to install
1438
the drivers. To do so, at the prompt type <userinput>sudo bcm43xx-fwcutter -w
1439
/lib/firmware/$(uname -r) bcwl5.sys</userinput>. You may receive a couple of
1440
warnings which are nothing to worry about. If it didn't work, it will provide
1441
an error that states either driver isn't supported or the driver is to old. If
1442
this is the case, you would repeat this step using one of the drivers from the
1443
list in the <filename>README.gz</filename> file shown above. If you continue to
1444
have issues, connect to the Internet with another source and review the
1447
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://bcm43xx.spugna.org/"/></para></listitem>
1448
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.ubuntuforums.org/forumdisplay.php?f=136"/></para></listitem>
1450
If you continue to have issues with loading the drivers, then you may need to
1451
use the <application>NdisWrapper</application> utility.
1455
Now if you went through the driver installation without any major errors or
1456
issues, the next step would be to load the new module you created in the
1457
previous step. At the command line type <userinput>sudo modprobe
1458
bcm43xx</userinput> and press <keycap>Enter</keycap>. To see if the module
1459
loaded and is working, at the prompt type <userinput>iwconfig</userinput> and
1460
press <keycap>Enter</keycap>. If it works it should return the name of the
1461
interface as <acronym>ethX</acronym> where X is the number of the device. In
1462
most cases it may be <acronym>eth1</acronym> if you have a
1463
<acronym>CAT-5</acronym> Ethernet device already installed and configured. Also
1464
to test and see if your device can scan, at the command prompt type
1465
<userinput>sudo iwlist ethX scan</userinput> and press <keycap>Enter</keycap>.
1466
Don't worry if it reports <emphasis>no networks found</emphasis> as your
1467
connection may still be working. Test and see if you can connect to your
1468
network and the Internet. If everything has worked then you will want to add
1469
the module so it will load at boot. To do so, at the command prompt type
1470
<userinput>sudo sh -c "echo bcm43xx >> /etc/modules"</userinput> and press
1471
<keycap>Enter</keycap>.
1479
<sect1 id="network-connect-modems" status="complete">
1480
<title>MODEMS</title>
1482
<sect2 id="modems-adsl" status="complete">
1487
Please refer to <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ADSLPPPoE"/> for
1488
further information if you run into issues with the following procedures.
1492
<sect3 id="pppoe-adsl" status="complete">
1493
<title>PPPoE ADSL Modem Installation</title>
1498
Open <application>Konsole</application> by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Konsole - Terminal Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
1504
At the command prompt type <userinput>sudo pppoeconf</userinput> and press
1505
<keycap>Enter</keycap>.
1511
A text-based menu program will guide you through the next steps, which are:
1516
Confirm that your Ethernet card is detected.
1521
Enter your username provided by your <acronym>ISP</acronym>.
1526
Enter your password provided by your <acronym>ISP</acronym>.
1531
If you already have a <acronym>PPPoE</acronym> connection configured, you will
1532
be asked if it may be modified.
1537
When asked if you want the <option>noauth</option> and the
1538
<option>defaultroute</option> options and want to remove the
1539
<option>nodetach</option> option, choose <emphasis role="bold">Yes</emphasis>.
1544
When asked if you want to use <option>peer DNS</option>, choose <emphasis role="bold">Yes</emphasis>.
1549
When asked if you want the <option>Limited MSS</option>, choose <emphasis role="bold">Yes</emphasis>.
1554
When asked if you want to connect at start up, select <emphasis role="bold">Yes</emphasis> to enable a start up connection, or <emphasis role="bold">No</emphasis> to manually connect.
1559
When asked if you want to connect immediately, select the appropriate response.
1567
To start your <acronym>ADSL</acronym> connection on demand type <userinput>pon
1568
dsl-provider</userinput> and press <keycap>Enter</keycap>.
1574
To stop your <acronym>ADSL</acronym> connection type <userinput>poff
1575
dsl-provider</userinput> and press <keycap>Enter</keycap>.
1582
<sect3 id="usb-adsl" status="complete">
1583
<title>USB ADSL Modem Installation</title>
1586
Due to similar issues of that with a Winmodem, installation and configuration
1587
of a <acronym>USB</acronym> <acronym>ADSL</acronym> modem may require lengthy
1588
procedures depending on the type of modem. For further installation
1589
information, pleas refer to <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UsbAdslModem"/>. You will of course need
1590
another means of connection in order to review this documentation.
1596
<sect2 id="modems-dialup" status="complete">
1597
<title>Dial-Up</title>
1600
Many people still access the Internet via a dial-up modem today. There are two
1601
basic types of dial-up modems in use.
1603
<varlistentry><term>Software Modems</term>
1606
Software modems, also known as Winmodems, are the type that are usually built
1607
into the system itself whether it is a desktop or a laptop. These modems are
1608
usually connected to a <acronym>PCI</acronym> port inside of the computer or a
1609
<acronym>USB</acronym> port outside of the computer. There are still quite a
1610
few of these types of modems that are not supported by Linux due to the type of
1611
binary driver or firmware they use. Winmodems supported in Linux are also known
1617
<varlistentry><term>Hardware Modems</term>
1620
Hardware modems, or true modems, are usually connected to the serial port
1621
outside of the computer and process the raw modem commands unlike a Winmodem.
1622
These types of modems have become rare of late however they still stand as the
1623
most supported type of modem for Linux as they typically do not need a special
1632
The following sections will provide information on installation and
1633
configuration of your modem. The last section will provide configuration
1634
information on configuring a dial-up connection (see <xref linkend="dialup-config"/>).
1637
<sect3 id="winmodem" status="complete">
1638
<title>Winmodem Installation</title>
1641
Unfortunately due to the many different types of chipsets and the work involved
1642
in getting a Winmodem installed and functioning would be difficult to document
1643
in this one location. However, there are already documents out there to help
1644
you in your success at getting your Winmodem to work with Kubuntu. Not every
1645
Winmodem is guaranteed to work, but there are utilities out there to aide you
1646
in getting a supported Winmodem to work. The following links will hopefully
1647
provide the information needed to get your Winmodem working.
1653
<ulink url="http://www.linmodems.org/"/> - This site is the main informational
1654
point for getting Winmodems, or Linmodems as they are also known as, installed
1655
and working in Linux.
1661
<ulink url="http://132.68.73.235/linmodems/index.html#scanmodem"/> - This site
1662
provides useful information on the <application>scanModem</application>
1663
utility. This is the utility that will not only detect your Winmodem, but it
1664
will also provide information on the type of support for your device.
1670
<ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DialupModemHowto/ScanModem"/> -
1671
Ubuntu community documentation on utilizing the
1672
<application>scanModem</application> utility within Ubuntu and Kubuntu.
1678
<ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DialupModemHowto"/> - Ubuntu
1679
community documentation on general dial-up modem information. A good starting
1680
point for Ubuntu and Kubuntu systems alike.
1686
<ulink url="http://start.at/modem"/> - Winmodems are not modems website that
1687
contains a very broad database of Winmodem support. Use this to further verify
1688
support for your modem, or research the list first before trying to install a
1689
device that may not be supported.
1696
<sect3 id="hardware-modem" status="complete">
1697
<title>Hardware Modem Installation</title>
1700
Unlike software modems, or Winmodems, hardware modems do not need special
1701
software drivers. If your modem connects to your <acronym>PC</acronym> via the
1702
serial port, then you are in fact using a hardware modem. In order to configure
1703
your modem, you need to know which <acronym>COM</acronym> port, or serial port,
1704
you are using. The typical structure for <acronym>COM</acronym> devices is
1705
<filename>/dev/ttySx</filename>, where x is one less than the
1706
<acronym>COM</acronym> port number. For instance, if you plug your modem into
1707
<acronym>COM</acronym> port 1, then you would use the
1708
<filename>/dev/ttyS0</filename> device. Port 2 would be
1709
<filename>/dev/ttyS1</filename> and so on.
1714
<sect3 id="dialup-config" status="complete">
1715
<title>Dial-up Internet configuration</title>
1718
There are a few ways in order for you to get your dial-up connection working
1722
<sect4 id="kppp" status="complete">
1723
<title>Using KPPP</title>
1726
<application>KPPP</application> - The dialer and front end for
1727
<application>pppd</application> which allows for interactive script generation
1728
and network setup. This is the preferred application in Kubuntu for dial-up
1729
modems. For more information on setting up <application>KPPP</application>,
1730
please refer to <ulink type="help" url="help:/kppp">The KPPP
1736
<sect4 id="wvdial" status="complete">
1737
<title>Using WvDial</title>
1740
<application>WvDial</application> - The command line Linux application for
1741
dial-up modems. This utility has been around almost since the invention of
1742
Linux itself. The following is a quick step-by-step procedure for using
1743
<application>WvDial</application>. Note that <application>WvDial</application>
1744
use is command line intensive.
1750
Open <application>Konsole</application> by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Konsole - Terminal Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
1756
At the command prompt, type <userinput>sudo wvdialconf
1757
/etc/wvdial.conf</userinput> and then press <keycap>Enter</keycap>.
1759
<note><title>ERROR</title>
1761
If you see the following error, then your modem is not supported, in use, or
1762
not properly configured.
1766
Editing `/etc/wvdial.conf'.
1768
Scanning your serial ports for a modem.
1770
Modem Port Scan<*1>: S0 S1 S2 S3
1773
Sorry, no modem was detected! Is it in use by another program?
1774
Did you configure it properly with setserial?
1776
Please read the FAQ at http://open.nit.ca/wiki/?WvDial
1778
If you still have problems, send mail to <wvdial-list@lists.nit.ca>.
1784
If you did not receive the previous error message then you can move on and
1785
finish the setup by manually editing the <filename>/etc/wvdial.conf</filename>
1786
configuration file. To do so press
1787
<keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo>, type
1788
<userinput>kdesu kwrite /etc/wvdial.conf</userinput> and press the
1789
<keycap>OK</keycap> button.
1795
After opening the <filename>wvdial.conf</filename>, insert your
1796
<acronym>ISP</acronym> information where needed. Other options may be needed in
1797
order to get your Winmodem to work correctly. This information is either
1798
available on the <ulink url="http://www.linmodems.org/">Linmodems</ulink>
1799
website, or if you sent an email to their mailing-list, the information they
1800
provided to aide you in your setup. You can also type <userinput>man
1801
wvdial.conf</userinput> at the command prompt for further information.
1807
Save and close out of the <filename>/etc/wvdial.conf</filename> configuration
1814
At the command line, try to dial out by typing <userinput>sudo
1815
wvdial</userinput> and pressing <keycap>Enter</keycap>.
1823
<sect4 id="pppconfig" status="complete">
1824
<title>Using pppconfig with pon & poff</title>
1827
<application>pppconfig</application> is another command line option used to
1828
manage dial-up connections. This setup is not the easiest to configure, however
1829
it is a very flexible application. The <application>pon</application> and
1830
<application>poff</application> dial and hang-up when using the
1831
<application>pppconfig</application> utility.
1835
If you are interested in using this utility, please refer to the <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DialupModemHowto/SetUpDialer#head- 0769b0061bf81bfba710118540bd86223e815761">wiki topic for pppconfig</ulink>.
1843
<!-- SHARING BETWEEN SYSTEMS -->
1844
<sect1 id="network-sharing" status="complete">
1845
<title>Network sharing</title>
1848
Network sharing in Kubuntu, or Linux in general is easy and only requires very
1849
little configuration. Three quick choices are
1852
<term><application>Samba</application></term>
1855
Provides file and print services to all
1856
<acronym>SMB</acronym>/<acronym>CIFS</acronym> clients, including Microsoft
1857
Windows. <acronym>Samba</acronym> is the recommended way to connecting to your
1858
Microsoft shares and the easiest to setup and configure.
1864
<term><application>NFS</application></term>
1867
Network File System supports sharing of files, printers and resources over a
1868
network. <application>NFS</application> is more difficult to setup and
1869
configure however it contains extra features and added benefits to an all Linux
1876
<term><application>ZeroConf</application></term>
1879
Zero Configuration Networking is a system that automatically creates an
1880
<acronym>IP</acronym> network without configuration or servers. This type of
1881
setup allows users without the knowledge of networking to easily configure a
1889
<sect2 id="network-sharing-samba" status="complete">
1890
<title>Samba</title>
1893
If you are using a Windows network, then <application>Samba</application> may
1894
be your choice and configuration does not require use of the command line. To
1895
start simply press <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo>
1896
and type <userinput>kdesu kwrite /etc/samba/smb.conf</userinput> and press the
1897
<guibutton>Run</guibutton> button. This will open the
1898
<application>KWrite</application> text editor. Navigate down just below the
1899
<guilabel>Global Settings</guilabel> section to where it says
1900
<guilabel>workgroup = MSHOME</guilabel> and change out the
1901
<guilabel>MSHOME</guilabel> to match your Windows workgroup. Save the file and
1902
close <application>KWrite</application>. The next step is to install
1903
<application>Samba</application>. For more information on installation please
1904
review the section <ulink url="help:/kubuntu/add-applications">Adding
1905
Applications</ulink>.
1909
Using the icons located in the <application>Kicker</application>, the terminal
1910
looking icon (<application>System Menu</application>) to the immediate right of
1911
the <application>KMenu</application> icon will allow you to navigate to
1912
<guilabel>Remote Places</guilabel>. Once you have navigated to there, you will
1913
be able to access <guilabel>Samba Shares</guilabel>.
1917
For more information, further instructions, or advanced features of
1918
<application>Samba</application> please review <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SettingUpSamba"/>.
1923
<sect2 id="network-sharing-nfs" status="complete">
1924
<title><acronym>NFS</acronym></title>
1927
<acronym>NFS</acronym>, or Network File System, is a file system supporting the
1928
sharing of files, printers and resources permanently over a network.
1929
<acronym>NFS</acronym> is much more advanced and difficult than
1930
<application>Samba</application>. Considering <acronym>NFS</acronym> is a very
1931
extensive protocol for file sharing, this portion of the Kubuntu System
1932
Documentation will ask you to review the following sites for further
1936
<para><ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NFSv4Howto"/></para>
1939
<para><ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SettingUpNFSHowTo"/></para>
1942
<para><ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/OnNFSDrive"/></para>
1945
<para><ulink url="http://nfs.sourceforge.net/"/></para>
1954
<sect2 id="network-sharing-zeroconf" status="complete">
1955
<title>ZeroConf Networking</title>
1958
<acronym>ZeroConf</acronym>, or Zero Configuration Networking, is a system that
1959
automatically creates an <acronym>IP</acronym> network without special
1960
configurations or servers. This type of networking and sharing is by far the
1961
most simple and is targeted to users with little or no networking knowledge.
1962
<acronym>ZeroConf</acronym> allows a user to to connect to computers, networked
1963
printers, and other shareable resources on the network without configuring
1964
network settings by hand.
1968
<title>ZeroConf Configuration</title>
1971
Open <application>System Settings</application> by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>KMenu</guimenu><guimenuitem>System
1972
Settings</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
1978
Select <guilabel>Network Settings</guilabel>.
1984
In the left hand side of the <application>Network Settings</application>
1985
dialog, select the <guilabel>Zeroconf Service Discovery</guilabel> option.
1991
If the <guilabel>Enable Zeroconf network browsing</guilabel> or the
1992
<guilabel>Browse local network</guilabel> options are not selected, please
1993
select them now and press the <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> button.
1999
<title>Accessing network shares</title>
2002
Select <guimenuitem>Remote Places</guimenuitem> from the <guibutton>System
2003
Menu</guibutton> icon located to the immediate right of the
2004
<application>KMenu</application>.
2010
To view other <acronym>ZeroConf</acronym> systems, select <guilabel>Network
2011
Services</guilabel> from the main window.
2017
To view all available systems on your network, select <guilabel>Samba
2018
Shares</guilabel> from the main window.
2026
<!-- NETWORK APPLICATIONS -->
2027
<sect1 id="network-apps" status="complete">
2028
<title>Networking Applications</title>
2031
Kubuntu has a a great deal of applications designed around networking. Whether
2032
it is network monitoring, network security, or many others, Kubuntu has a
2033
solution for you. For more information on some of the available networking
2034
applications for Kubuntu, please see:
2036
<listitem><para><xref linkend="network-apps-knetworkmanager"/></para></listitem>
2037
<listitem><para><xref linkend="network-apps-wireshark"/></para></listitem>
2038
<listitem><para><xref linkend="network-apps-etherape"/></para></listitem>
2039
<listitem><para><xref linkend="network-apps-firewall"/></para></listitem>
2043
<sect2 id="network-apps-knetworkmanager" status="complete">
2044
<title>KNetworkManager</title>
2047
<application>KNetworkManager</application> is the KDE front end for
2048
<application>NetworkManager</application>. Providing a sophisticated yet
2049
intuitive user interface, <application>KNetworkManager</application> allows
2050
users to easily switch their network environment.
2051
<application>KNetworkManager</application> is installed with every Kubuntu
2052
system. The following is a brief list of the devices that
2053
<application>KNetworkManager</application> supports:
2057
Wired Ethernet (<acronym>IEEE</acronym> 802.3)
2063
Wireless Ethernet (<acronym>IEEE</acronym> 802.11): Unencrypted, WEP, WPA
2064
(Personal and Enterprise)
2070
Virtual Private Network (<acronym>VPN</acronym>):
2071
<application>OpenVPN</application>, <application>VPNC</application>
2077
Dial-Up (<acronym>PPP</acronym>)
2085
More information can be found on the <application>KNetworkManager</application>
2086
website located at <ulink url="http://en.opensuse.org/Projects/KNetworkManager"/>.
2091
<sect2 id="network-apps-wireshark" status="complete">
2092
<title>Wireshark</title>
2095
<application>Wireshark</application> is a network traffic analyzer, or
2096
"sniffer", used to capture packets off the wire while decoding
2097
numerous protocols. More information can be found on the
2098
<application>Wireshark</application> website located at <ulink url="http://www.wireshark.org/"/>.
2102
<application>Wireshark</application> isn't installed initially with Kubuntu.
2103
Installation is easy using <application>Adept</application>. For more
2104
information on installing extra applications with Kubuntu, please see the <ulink url="help:/kubuntu/add-applications/">Adding Applications</ulink> document.
2108
<sect2 id="network-apps-etherape" status="complete">
2109
<title>EtherApe</title>
2112
<application>EtherApe</application> graphically displays network activities.
2113
Active hosts are shown as circles of varying size, and the traffic among them
2114
is shown as lines of varying width. <application>EtherApe</application> is a
2115
<application>GNOME</application> application and requires the
2116
<application>GNOME</application> libraries. These libraries will automatically
2117
be installed and configured for you if you decide to use
2118
<application>EtherApe</application>. More information can be found on the
2119
<application>EtherApe</application> website located at <ulink url="http://etherape.sourceforge.net"/>.
2123
<application>EtherApe</application> isn't installed initially with Kubuntu.
2124
Installation is easy using <application>Adept</application>. For more
2125
information on installing extra applications with Kubuntu, please see the
2126
<ulink url="help:/kubuntu/add-applications/">Adding Applications</ulink>
2131
<sect2 id="network-apps-firewall" status="complete">
2132
<title>Guarddog</title>
2135
<application>Guarddog</application> is a firewall configuration utility for
2136
KDE. It is aimed at two groups of users:
2140
Novice to intermediate users who are not experts in <acronym>TCP/IP</acronym>
2141
networking and security
2147
Those users who don't want the hassle of dealing with cryptic shell scripts and
2148
ipchains or iptables parameters.
2152
More information can be found on the <application>Guarddog</application>
2153
website located at <ulink url="http://www.simonzone.com/software/guarddog/"/>.
2157
<application>Guarddog</application> isn't installed initially with Kubuntu.
2158
Installation is easy using <application>Adept</application>. For more
2159
information on installing extra applications with Kubuntu, please see the
2160
<ulink url="help:/kubuntu/add-applications/">Adding Applications</ulink>
added
removed
kubuntu/network/th/network.xml
